• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

This experiment investigated changes in metabolic rate (MO₂), critical oxygen saturation (S_crit), and blood chemistry of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus exposed to progressive hypoxia and returned to normoxic water at 20°C. The normoxic standard metabolic rate (SMR) and routine metabolic rate (RMR) were 69.5-83.9 and 70.2-156.4 mg O₂ kg^-1h^-1, respectively based on fish weight. S_crit was 31.0% dissolved oxygen (DO) at 20°C. After returning the fish to 70% DO following exposure to hypoxia (20% DO), MO₂ increased two-fold compared to the normoxic SMR and then decreased into the range of the RMR with time. Blood PO₂ and plasma lactate decreased significantly after exposure to hypoxia (20% DO) and then increased as ambient oxygen saturation decreased. Cortisol levels increased as ambient oxygen saturation decreased, but the levels decreased rapidly in the range of the normoxic control when the fish were returned to ambient water with 70% DO. Plasma glucose levels increased when the fish were returned to normoxic water after exposure to a progressively more hypoxic condition.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.647-651
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• 2002

An LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of a neuroprotective agent for ischemia-reperfusion damage, KR-31378 and its N-acetyl metabolite KR-31612 in human plasma was developed. KR-31378, KR-31612 and the internal standard. KR-31543 were extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction. A reverse-phase HPLC separation was performed on Luna phenylhexyl column with the mixture of acetonitrile-5 mM ammonium formate (55:45, v/v) as mobile phase. The detection of analytes was performed using an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The lower limits of quantification for KR-31378 and KR-31612 were 2.0 ng/ml. The method showed a satisfactory sensitivity, precision, accuracy, recovery and selectivity.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2018

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that involves multiple organ systems, with short stature as the most common presentation (>70%). Possible mechanisms of short stature in NS include growth hormone (GH) deficiency, neurosecretory dysfunction, and GH resistance. Accordingly, GH therapy has been carried out for NS patients over the last three decades, and multiple studies have reported acceleration of growth velocity (GV) and increase of height standard deviation score (SDS) in both prepubertal and pubertal NS patients upon GH therapy. One year of GH therapy resulted in almost doubling of GV compared with baseline; afterwards, the increase in GV gradually decreased in the following years, showing that the effect of GH therapy wanes over time. After four years of GH therapy, ~70% of NS patients reached normal height considering their age and sex. Early initiation, long duration of GH therapy, and higher height SDS at the onset of puberty were associated with improved final height, whereas gender, dosage of GH, and the clinical severity did not show significant association with final height. Studies have reported no significant adverse events of GH therapy regarding progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, alteration of metabolism, and tumor development. Therefore, GH therapy is effective for improving height and GV of NS patients; nevertheless, concerns on possible malignancy remains, which necessitates continuous monitoring of NS patients receiving GH therapy.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2017

Purpose: Mucopolysaccharidosis IV (MPS IV) is a disease characterized by deficient activity of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) causing excessive lysosomal storage of keratan sulfate (KS). The identification of the relevant disaccharide units of KS after keratanase II digestion followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS) is validated and applicable for the preliminary diagnosis of MPS IV. Methods: A total of 67 urine samples were collected and analyzed from 11 MPS IV patients comprising 10 MPS IVA and one MPS IVB patients, and 56 normal controls. Urinary glycosaminoglycan was first precipitated by the Alcian blue method followed by a digestion of keratanase II. The protonated species of the digested disaccharide products were detected by using multiple reaction monitoring experiment. Results: One particular disaccharide of KS was selected. The transition mass-to-charge (m/z) of the parent ion and its daughter ion after collision was $462.0{\rightarrow}97.0$, whereas the chondrosine used as an internal standard in this assay was m/z $353.9{\rightarrow}73.0$. The results corresponded well with the two-dimensional electrophoresis method. The quantities of urinary KS were significantly raised in confirmed MPS IV patients when comparing with those of normal controls ($170.2{\pm}81.1$ vs. $4.06{\pm}1.92{\mu}g/mL$). Conclusion: The LC-MS/MS method for MPS IVA determination is specific, sensitive, validated, and applicable for urinary KS quantification. This method can be used not only as a first-line biochemistry examination of MPS IVA, but also as an outcome survey after enzyme replacement therapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2018

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary standard ileal digestible (SID) valine:lysine ratios on performance, intestinal morphology, amino acids of liver and muscle, plasma indices and mRNA expression of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism enzymes. Methods: A total of 144 crossbred pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Large White) weaned at $28{\pm}4days$ of age ($8.79{\pm}0.02kg$ body weight) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets formulated to provide SID valine:lysine ratios of 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80%. Each diet was fed to 6 pens of pigs with 6 pigs per pen (3 gilts and 3 barrows) for 28 days. Results: Average daily gain increased quadratically (p<0.05), the villous height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased linearly (p<0.05) as the SID valine:lysine ratio increased. The concentrations of plasma ${\alpha}-keto$ isovaleric and valine increased linearly (p<0.05), plasma aspartate, asparagine and cysteine decreased (p<0.05) as the SID valine:lysine ratio increased. An increase in SID lysine:valine levels increased mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial BCAA transaminase and branched-chain ${\alpha}-keto$ acid dehydrogenase in the longissimus dorsi muscle (p<0.05). Conclusion: Using a quadratic model, a SID valine:lysine ratio of 68% was shown to maximize the growth of weaned pigs which is slightly higher than the level recommended by the National Research Council.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2011

Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) are considered to be formed from aberrant adrenal tissue that has become hyperplastic because of elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). A 6-year-old boy presented with testicular enlargement and pubic hair. He was diagnosed with CAH complicated by precocious puberty. However, he was not followed-up. At the age of 17, he visited the outpatient clinic because of testicular enlargement and short stature. His right and left testicles were $10{\times}6$ cm and $7.5{\times}4.5$ cm, respectively. His height was 155.1 cm (standard deviation score (SDS), -2.90). The diagnosis of CAH due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency was confirmed by mutation analysis of CYP21A2. Histological examination of the testes showed large, polygonal, eosinophilic cells with round nuclei and prominent nucleoli, which were suggestive of TARTs. He was treated with dexamethasone for 3 weeks and tumors regressed. Subsequently, dexamethasone was replaced by prednisolone and $9{\alpha}$-fludrocortisone; thereafter, the reduced testis size has been maintained.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.759-769
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on the behavior, productivity, and metabolism of periparturient Holstein cows as well as calf performance. Methods: A total of 48 periparturient cows were randomly assigned into three groups at 28 days (±3 days) before their expected calving date. The stocking densities of the groups, relative to the standard cubicle and feed bunk number, were i) 80% (13 cows), ii) 100% (16 cows), and iii) 120% (19 cows). Lying and rumination behavior was recorded using electronic data loggers and HR-Tags from d -21 ("d-" means days before calving) until the calving date, d 0. Lying time was assessed to determine the diurnal total hours spent lying per day. Rumination time was averaged in 2 hours interval periods over 24 hours during the experimental period. Results: Cows in the 80% group spent more time lying and ruminating between d -21 and d -7 and tended to ruminate more between d -14 and d 0. Calcium levels tended to be higher for cows in the 80% group, no other observable differences were found in monitored blood parameters. Moreover, 3.5% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk yields were higher in 80% group in the first month of lactation. No other observable differences were found in the yield and composition of colostrum and milk in the first 10 months of lactation. The growth and performance of calves in the first week of life was not affected by stocking density of the dams. Conclusion: We concluded that lower stocking density may increase lying and ruminating behavior of prepartum Holstein cows. However, this did not translate into improved productivity and metabolism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2002

This experiment was performed to understand the changes in plasma leptin in association with plasma IGF-1, body weight and ADG from early growing to late finishing stages of Holstein steers. Blood collection was performed by arterial vein puncture at selected monthly ages of 1 (54 kg), 2.6 (103 kg), 7.2 (205 kg), 13.5 (314 kg), 16.9 (414 kg), 22.2 (550 kg), 24.9 (626 kg) and 27.4 months (695 kg). The blood was analyzed for leptin using the multi-species leptin RIA with recombinant bovine leptin (rbleptin) as standard, plasma IGF-1 was also measured using RIA. Against the standard rbleptin, the multi-species Leptin RIA system's sensitivity, cross reactivity, slope and recovery of 41.0 ng/ml rbleptin in plasma were 4.9 ng/ml, 11.22%, -1.396 and 97.8%, respectively. Plasma leptin measured were more than 5.0 ng/ml, which enable multi-species RIA system to investigate plasma leptin in normal growing steers. Body weight resulted to a highly significant second-degree polynomial relationship with plasma leptin (q=0.54, p<0.0001) and plasma IGF-1 (q=0.44, p<0.0001) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. However, the second-degree polynomial curve of plasma leptin and IGF-1 differs showing a concave and convex curvilinear relationship, respectively. ADG was not significantly associated to plasma leptin (r=0.06, p>0.05) and plasma IGF=1 (r=0.06, p>0.05) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. Low coefficient, but significant associated increase of plasma leptin and IGF-1 (r=0.12, p<0.008) from 1 to 27.4 months was observed. The uncoordinated increases of plasma IGF-1 at growing and plasma leptin at fattening period, may indicate (1) indirect involvement of endogenous IGF-1 on leptin secretion, and (2) IGF-1 level may signify lean and bone accretion while plasma leptin may mirror body fatness across the monthly ages of Holstein steers.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.241-252
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• 2004

목적: 다수의 뇌 자료를 기반으로 구성된 통계적 화률뇌지도는 복잡하고 개인적인 편차가 큰 뇌의 형태학적, 기능적 특성을 분석하는데 유용하다. 특히 최근에 한국인의 정상 MR 영상을 기반으로 한 구조적 기능적 뇌 표준판과 구조적 확률뇌지도가 완성되었으며. 부검뇌의 조직절편을 활용한 세포구축학적 확률뇌지도가 도입되었다. 이 연구에서는 이들 자료를 활용하여 뇌 영상의 국소계수를 객관적으로 측정하기 위한 정량화 기법을 개발하였으며, 이를 이용하여 정상 한국인의 뇌 영상자료를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : T1 MRI와 FDG PET에 대한 뇌 표준판을 성별, 연령별로 개발하였으며, 한국인 정상 MR 영상으로 만들어진 89개 뇌 영역의 구조적 확률뇌지도와 독일 율리히 연구센터에서 도입한 13개 브로드만 영역에 대한 세포구축학적 확률뇌지도를 뇌 표준판 위로 각각 비선형 변환하였다. 확률뇌지도에 정의된 각 뇌 영상의 국소계수는 확률에 의한 가중평균 또는 가중합으로 구하였다. 확률뇌지도를 이용한 예비 연구로 정상 노화에 따른 포도당대사의 변화가 대상회 내에서 전 후 위치에 따라 다르게 나타나는 가를 조사하였다. 결과: SPM과의 연계된 사용을 고려하여 Matlab 상에서 작성된 정량화 프로그램은 20초 미만에 1개의 공간정규화된 영상을 처리할 수 있었다. 대상회 포도당 대사에 대한 분석에서 후대상회에 대한 문측-전대상회 및 미측-전대상회의 계수 비는 정상 노화에 따라 매우 유의하게 감소하였다. 즉. 문측-전대상회/후대상회는 매 10년마다 3.1%씩 감소하였으며($P<10^{-11}$, r=0.81) 미측-전대상회/후대상회는 1.7%씩 감소하였다($P<10^{-8}$, r=0.72). 문측-전대상회와 미측-전대상회의 계수비 감소 역시 유의하였다(P<0.0005. r=0.52, 1.5%/year). 결론: 서양인 뇌에 기반한 확률뇌지도는 그동안 제한적으로만 사용되어 왔으나 한국인 뇌 표준판과 확률뇌지도 및 이 연구에서 개발한 정량화 기법은 일반에 공개하기로 하여 더욱 널리 쓰이게 되면 국내 뇌 연구 활성화에 기여할 것으로 기대 된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 1986

This study was designed to observe the effects of nutritional supplementation of general Korean diet on protein metabolism in growing rats. Seventy weanling Sprague-Dawely male rats weighing 76.8$\pm$1.45g were blocked into ten groups and fed ten different experimental diets for eight weeks. The rats in cereal-vegetable group were fed ad libitum for all the experimental period and those in other experimental groups were pairfed following the feed intake of rats in C-V gp. Control group was given 72% cornstarch-29% casein diet : C-V gp was fed cerealvegetable diet composed of rice, barley, soybean and Chinese cabbage : the other eight groups were fed C-V diets supplemented with casein, vitamin B\sub 2\ calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B\sub 2\ and vitamin A, vitamin A and calcium, vitamin B\sub 2\ and calcium, vitamin A and vitamin B\sub 2\ and calcium, respectively, on the basis of each nutrients content of standard diet.