DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Periparturient stocking density affects lying and ruminating behavior and one-week-calf performance of Holstein cows

  • Jiang, Mingming (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University) ;
  • Alugongo, Gibson Maswayi (College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Xiao, Jianxin (College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Li, Congcong (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Ma, Yulin (College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Li, Tingting (College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University) ;
  • Cao, Zhijun (College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Liu, Dasen (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University)
  • Received : 2020.03.01
  • Accepted : 2020.05.17
  • Published : 2021.04.01

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on the behavior, productivity, and metabolism of periparturient Holstein cows as well as calf performance. Methods: A total of 48 periparturient cows were randomly assigned into three groups at 28 days (±3 days) before their expected calving date. The stocking densities of the groups, relative to the standard cubicle and feed bunk number, were i) 80% (13 cows), ii) 100% (16 cows), and iii) 120% (19 cows). Lying and rumination behavior was recorded using electronic data loggers and HR-Tags from d -21 ("d-" means days before calving) until the calving date, d 0. Lying time was assessed to determine the diurnal total hours spent lying per day. Rumination time was averaged in 2 hours interval periods over 24 hours during the experimental period. Results: Cows in the 80% group spent more time lying and ruminating between d -21 and d -7 and tended to ruminate more between d -14 and d 0. Calcium levels tended to be higher for cows in the 80% group, no other observable differences were found in monitored blood parameters. Moreover, 3.5% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk yields were higher in 80% group in the first month of lactation. No other observable differences were found in the yield and composition of colostrum and milk in the first 10 months of lactation. The growth and performance of calves in the first week of life was not affected by stocking density of the dams. Conclusion: We concluded that lower stocking density may increase lying and ruminating behavior of prepartum Holstein cows. However, this did not translate into improved productivity and metabolism.

Keywords

References

  1. Jensen MB, Proudfoot KL. Effect of group size and health status on behavior and feed intake of multiparous dairy cows in early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2017;100:9759-68. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13035
  2. Krawczel PD, Lee AR. Lying time and its importance to the dairy cow: impact of stocking density and time budget stresses. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract 2019;35:47-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2018.11.002
  3. Olofsson J. Competition for total mixed diets fed for ad libitum intake using one or four cows per feeding station. J Dairy Sci 1999;82:69-79. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75210-0
  4. Cook NB, Bennett TB, Nordlund KV. Monitoring indices of cow comfort in free-stall-housed dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2005;88:3876-85. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73073-3
  5. Hosseinkhani A, DeVries TJ, Proudfoot KL, Valizadeh R, Veira DM, von Keyserlingk MAG. The effects of feed bunk competition on the feed sorting behavior of close-up dry cows. J Dairy Sci 2008;91:1115-21. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0679
  6. Proudfoot KL, Veira DM, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MAG. Competition at the feed bunk changes the feeding, standing, and social behavior of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:3116-23. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1718
  7. Huzzey JM, DeVries TJ, Valois P, von Keyserlingk MAG. Stocking density and feed barrier design affect the feeding and social behavior of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2006;89:126-33. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72075-6
  8. Pineiro JM, Menichetti BT, Barragan AA, et al. Associations of pre- and postpartum lying time with metabolic, inflammation, and health status of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019;102:3348-61. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15386
  9. Huzzey JM, Veira DM, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MAG. Prepartum behavior and dry matter intake identify dairy cows at risk for metritis. J Dairy Sci 2007;90:3220-33. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-807
  10. Ling T, Hernandez-Jover M, Sordillo LM, Abuelo A. Maternal late-gestation metabolic stress is associated with changes in immune and metabolic responses of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2018;101:6568-80. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-14038
  11. Silva PRB, Dresch AR, Machado KS, et al. Prepartum stocking density: effects on metabolic, health, reproductive, and productive responses. J Dairy Sci 2014;97:5521-32. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8093
  12. Lobeck-Luchterhand KM, Silva PRB, Chebel RC, Endres MI. Effect of stocking density on social, feeding, and lying behavior of prepartum dairy animals. J Dairy Sci 2015;98:240-9. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8492
  13. Ledgerwood DN, Winckler C, Tucker CB. Evaluation of data loggers, sampling intervals, and editing techniques for measuring the lying behavior of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2010;93:5129-39. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2945
  14. Fregonesi JA, Tucker CB, Weary DM. Overstocking reduces lying time in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2007;90:3349-54. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-794
  15. Telezhenko E, von Keyserlingk MAG, Talebi A, Weary DM. Effect of pen size, group size, and stocking density on activity in freestall-housed dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012;95:3064-9. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4953
  16. Neave HW, Lomb J, von Keyserlingk MAG, Behnam-Shabahang A, Weary DM. Parity differences in the behavior of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017;100:548-61. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10987
  17. Miltenburg CL, Duffield TF, Bienzle D, Scholtz EL, LeBlanc SJ. The effect of prepartum feeding and lying space on metabolic health and immune function. J Dairy Sci 2018;101:5294-306. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13481
  18. Schirmann K, Chapinal N, Weary DM, Heuwieser W, von Keyserlingk MAG. Rumination and its relationship to feeding and lying behavior in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012;95:3212-7. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4741
  19. Oetzel GR, Emery KM, Kautz WP, Nocek JE. Direct-fed microbial supplementation and health and performance of preand postpartum dairy cattle: a field trial. J Dairy Sci 2007;90:2058-68. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-484
  20. Coonen JM, Maroney MJ, Crump PM, Grummer RR. Short communication: effect of a stable pen management strategy for precalving cows on dry matter intake, plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2011;94:2413-7. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3729
  21. Vazquez-Anon M, Bertics S, Luck M, Grummer RR, Pinheiro J. Peripartum liver triglyceride and plasma metabolites in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1994;77:1521-8. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77092-2
  22. Silva PRB, Moraes JGN, Mendonca LGD, et al. Effects of weekly regrouping of prepartum dairy cows on metabolic, health, reproductive, and productive parameters. J Dairy Sci 2013;96:4436-46. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6464
  23. Herdt TH. Fuel homeostasis in the ruminant. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1988;4:213-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)31045-8
  24. Overton TR, Waldron MR. Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health. J Dairy Sci 2004;87(Suppl):E105-19. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70066-1
  25. Wu Z, Alugongo GM, Xiao J, et al. Effects of an immunomodulatory feed additive on body weight, production parameters, blood metabolites, and health in multiparous transition Holstein cows. Anim Sci J 2019;90:167-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13066
  26. Sun F, Cao Y, Cai C, Li S, Yu C, Yao J. Regulation of nutritional metabolism in transition dairy cows: energy homeostasis and health in response to post-ruminal choline and methionine. PLoS One 2016;11:e0160659. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160659
  27. Wang B, Wang C, Guan R, et al. Effects of dietary rumenprotected betaine supplementation on performance of postpartum dairy cows and immunity of newborn calves. Animals 2019;9:167. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9040167
  28. Fustini M, Galeati G, Gabai G, et al. Overstocking dairy cows during the dry period affects dehydroepiandrosterone and cortisol secretion. J Dairy Sci 2017;100:620-8. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11293
  29. Chebel RC, Silva PRB, Endres MI, Ballou MA, Luchterhand KL. Social stressors and their effects on immunity and health of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016;99:3217-28. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10369
  30. Allen MS. Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:1447-62. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76074-0