• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.95-117
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of anxiety about economic change in middle-aged and elderly people and to analyze the factors that influence this anxiety. The data, derived from Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) were collected from Survey Research Center of Sung Kyun Kwan University. The samples included 821 people over the age of 40, including 529 middle-aged people who were from 40 to 59, and elderly people who were over 60. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the research model. The findings from the analysis showed that age and subjective economic status had crucial effects on the entire group's anxiety about unemployment and poverty, housing prices, financial markets, and economic recession in the older life. For the middle-aged group, age in particular had crucial effects on all the components of its anxiety about economic change. For the elderly group, geographical region was the most critical factor that affected its anxiety about economic change, the elderly people who were living in metropolitan area and towns had more anxiety than those who were living in rural areas. In particular, region was the only factor that affected the elderly group's anxiety about financial markets, and economic recession. These results showed that specific age of middle-aged and elderly people had the crucial effects while their sex, educational level, and the employment status of their spouse had no effects on their anxiety about economic change. Objective economic indices such as their earned-income and other income including savings and pensions had no effects on their anxiety level. While as noted above subjective economic indices such as their standard of living compared with their parents, projected economic status, and level of socio-economic success had an effect on anxiety about economic change.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2020

본 연구는 W/C 50%의 일반강도 조건에서 OPC, FA 및 BS 시멘트의 종류를 변화시켜 콘크리트의 강도 증진 성상을 한랭기 온도의 4~17℃의 평균 양생온도에서 검토하고, 등가재령에 의한 강도 해석모델을 이용하여 강도 증진 해석을 수행하고, 기온저하에 따른 기온보정강도를 제안하고자 하였다. 본 실험의 결과 등가재령을 이용하여 Plowman 모델식으로 강도증진을 해석하였고, 대체로 양생온도가 낮을수록 강도증진이 지연되는 경향을 나타내었다. 이에 양생온도 저하에 따른 강도보정을 3MPa 단위로 실시하였고, 이를 토대로 배합강도 결정시 결합재 종류 및 관리재령별 기온보정강도(T_n)을 제안하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2018

Growth charts are curves or tables that facilitate the visualization of anthropometric parameters, and are widely used as an important indicator when evaluating the growth status of children and adolescents. The latest version of the Korean National Growth Charts released in 2007 has raised concerns regarding the inclusion of data from both breastfed and formula-fed infants, higher body mass index (BMI) values in boys, and smaller 3rd percentile values in height-for-age charts. Thus, new growth charts have been developed to improve the previous version. The 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, regarded as the standard for breastfed infants and children, were introduced for children aged 0-35 months. For children and adolescents aged 3-18 years, these new growth charts include height-for-age, weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, weight-for-height, and head circumference-for-age charts, and were developed using data obtained in 1997 and 2005. Data sets and exclusion criteria were applied differently for the development of the different growth charts. BMI-for-age charts were adjusted to decrease the 95th percentile values of BMI. Criteria for obesity were simplified and defined as a BMI of ${\geq}95th$ percentile for age and sex. The 3rd percentile values for height-for-age charts were also increased. Additional percentile lines (1st and 99th) and growth charts with standard deviation lines were introduced. 2017 Korean National Growth Charts are recommended for the evaluation of body size and growth of Korean children and adolescents for use in clinics and the public health sector in Korea.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2003

육용종계 육성기의 체중조절 방법이 산란기의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여, 갓 부화한 아바 에이커 암평아리 540수를 3처리구 3반복, 반복당 60수씩 총 540수를 평사에 공시하여 64주간 실행하였다. 처리구는 아바 에이커 사양표준에서 성장단계별로 권장하는 체중에 도달하는 방법(Control), 12주령 체중을 Control보다 10% 높게 성장시킨 후 20주령에 Control과 동일하게 도달하는 방법(T1), 12주령 체중을 Control.보다 10% 낮게 성장시킨 후 20주령에 Control과 동일하게 도달하는 방법(T2)으로 하였다. 초산일령은 T2에서 Control과 T1에 비하여 0.3~1.0일 지연되었다. 그리고 총산란율은 Control, T1, T2에서 각각 61.1, 61.6, 63.5%로 처리구간에 통계적인 차이는 없었지만 T2에서 다른 시험구에 비하여 1.9~2.2% 향상되었다. 평균 난중은 Control, T1, T2에서 각각 63.6, 64.2, 63.4g으로T1에서 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 37주령의 입란대비 수정율은 Control, T1, T2에서 각각 97.8, 97.2, 98.3%로 육성기 사육전기(0~12주령)에 체중을 억제하였다가 사육후기(13~20주령)에 증체시켜 목표체중에 도달시킨 T2에서 가장 높았으며, 부화율은 89.7, 87.2, 88.6%로 Control,에서 가장 높았지만 처리구간에 유의차는 없었다. 수정율은 53주령에 Control, T1, T2에서 각각 94.3, 94.8, 95.2% 였으며, 부화율은 각각 80.7, 83.6, 85.7%로 사육전기에 체중을 억제하였다가 사육후기에 증체시켜 목표체중에 도달시킨 ,T2에서 다른 시험구에 비하여 수정율과 부화율이 높은 경향을 보였지만 통계적인 유의차는 보이지 않았다. 종란 생산수는 전기에 체중을 억제하였다가 후기에 중체시켜 목표체중에 도달시킨 T2에서 167.9개로 다른 체중 조절 방법보다 9.9~10.6개 많이 생산하였으며, 초생추 생산수 수도 다른 시험구에 비하여 11.0~12.1수를 더 많이 생산하였으나 처리구간에 유의차는 보이지 않았다. 이러한 시험결과 육용종계의 생산성을 개선하려면 사육전기(0~12주령)에 제중을 억제하였다가 사육후기 (13~20주령)에 체중을 증가시켜 목표체중에 도달시키는 방법이 가장 효율적이라고 생각된다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.223-241
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• 2006

This study has two purposes. One is to systematize a number of referents and to examine the types of comparisons. The other is to examine categories of comparative standards such as inputs in equity theory. In pay comparison process, referents and inputs are very important elements. The first factor analysis is related to referents, which include 18 variables in 6 categories were subjected to factor analysis. 3 factors emerge with an eigenvalue of 1.0 or greater. Factor I, economic need, includes referents in personal worth and system referent. Factor II, market comparison, includes internal and external referents except one variable(external-peer). Between internal and external referents is not distinguished. This result is corresponded with Hills'(1980) and Hong's(1995) findings. FactorIII is named 'historical/social comparisons'. 14 inputs are subjected to the second factor analysis. 3 factors emerge with an eigenvalue of 1.0 or greater. The 5 variables loading on factor I, equity standard, are responsibility, competency, effort, outcome, and skill. FactorII, equality standard, includes age, gender, and education. FactorIII, seniority standard, includes career and company tenure. All the factors are positively associated with each other. Especially, personal worth is associated with equity standard(r=0.50466). Internal and external referents are associated with any comparative standard.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2018

우리사회가 정보화사회로 급진전됨에 따라 정보통신의 역할이 크게 증대되고 통신시설의 대용량화 집중화로 정보통신사고가 발생할 경우 국민생활에 지대한 영향을 초래할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 그러한 영향력을 최소화하기 위하여 정보통신사고 위기관리표준매뉴얼의 현황을 알아보고 분석을 통하여 개선방안을 제시하였다. 재난관리주관기관에서는 법령 및 위기관리 표준매뉴얼에 대한 지속적인 연구를 통하여 관리체계, 관련법 체계, 기본계획 및 대응체계, 위기관리 표준매뉴얼 등에 대한 개선이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.363-381
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined the Korean elderly's dietary intake status, subjective health-related perception and chronic disease prevalence among age groups. Associations of dietary quality with subjective health-related perception and chronic diseases were also examined. Methods: Based on data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 3,231 elderly were selected and categorized into 4 age groups of '65 ~ 69', '70 ~ 74', '75 ~ 79' and 'over 80'. Nutrient intakes, proportions of those with insufficient nutrient intakes, Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), some subjective health-related perceptions and prevalence of major chronic diseases were compared according to the age groups. Differences in the subjective health-related perceptions and odds ratios of the chronic diseases according to the quartile levels of KHEI within the same age group were analyzed. Results: With the increase of age, several nutrient intakes (P < 0.001) and KHEI scores significantly decreased (P < 0.01). In women, activity restriction increased (P < 0.05), and EQ-5D score decreased with age (P < 0.001). Prevalence of hypertension (P < 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (P < 0.05) and anemia (P < 0.01) significantly increased, while hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.01) significantly decreased only in men. Obesity prevalence decreased, while underweight prevalence increased (P < 0.05). Subjective health status, EQ-5D score and PHQ-9 score significantly improved as KHEI score increased in certain age groups of women (P < 0.05). Odds ratio of hypercholesterolemia significantly increased with the increase of KHEI score in 65 ~ 69-year-old women. However, hypertension and anemia significantly decreased with the increase of KHEI score in 75 ~ 79-year-old women (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings suggest that nutrition management and policy for the Korean elderly need to apply a segmented age standard that can better reflect their dynamic characteristics.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

The age and growth of the Marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae were investigated using left sagittal otoliths of 832 individuals collected in the mid-southern waters of Korea from January 2006 to April 2007. The seasonal changes in the ratio of an translucent zone to interval between annular rings revealed that the boundaries between translucent and opaque parts of the otolith were annual growth rings formed between May and June once a year. The spawning period was November to March and therefore the duration from fertilization to the complete formation of the annual growth ring became fifteen months. The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equations estimated using the average standard length at each age are the $L_{\infty}$ of 48.04cm, K of 0.1406/year and $t_0$ of -0.5116 for female and 26.14cm, 0.3056/year and -0.8202 for male, respectively. Finally, it is suggested that the growth of female is faster than that of male from age-2.