Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Association of Dietary Quality with Subjective Health-Related Perception and Chronic Diseases According to Age Segmentation of Korean Elderly

한국 노인의 연령 세분화에 따른 식사의 질과 주관적 건강 관련 인식 및 만성질환의 연관성

  • Lee, Sojeong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School, Sungshin Women's University) ;
  • Lee, Seungmin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University)
  • 이소정 (성신여자대학교 일반대학원 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이승민 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2021.08.10
  • Accepted : 2021.10.25
  • Published : 2021.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study examined the Korean elderly's dietary intake status, subjective health-related perception and chronic disease prevalence among age groups. Associations of dietary quality with subjective health-related perception and chronic diseases were also examined. Methods: Based on data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 3,231 elderly were selected and categorized into 4 age groups of '65 ~ 69', '70 ~ 74', '75 ~ 79' and 'over 80'. Nutrient intakes, proportions of those with insufficient nutrient intakes, Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), some subjective health-related perceptions and prevalence of major chronic diseases were compared according to the age groups. Differences in the subjective health-related perceptions and odds ratios of the chronic diseases according to the quartile levels of KHEI within the same age group were analyzed. Results: With the increase of age, several nutrient intakes (P < 0.001) and KHEI scores significantly decreased (P < 0.01). In women, activity restriction increased (P < 0.05), and EQ-5D score decreased with age (P < 0.001). Prevalence of hypertension (P < 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (P < 0.05) and anemia (P < 0.01) significantly increased, while hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.01) significantly decreased only in men. Obesity prevalence decreased, while underweight prevalence increased (P < 0.05). Subjective health status, EQ-5D score and PHQ-9 score significantly improved as KHEI score increased in certain age groups of women (P < 0.05). Odds ratio of hypercholesterolemia significantly increased with the increase of KHEI score in 65 ~ 69-year-old women. However, hypertension and anemia significantly decreased with the increase of KHEI score in 75 ~ 79-year-old women (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings suggest that nutrition management and policy for the Korean elderly need to apply a segmented age standard that can better reflect their dynamic characteristics.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Sungshin Women's University Research Grant of 2019 (Research number:2019-1-81-054).

References

  1. Statistics Korea. Population Census [Internet]. Statistics Korea; 2016 [cited 2021 Aug 26]. Available from: https://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsListIndex.do?vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&menuId=M_01_01.
  2. Statistics Korea. Population Census [Internet]. Statistics Korea; 2017 [cited 2021 Aug 26]. Available from: https://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsListIndex.do?vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&menuId=M_01_01.
  3. Statistics Korea. Estimated future population: 2017-2067 [Internet]. Statistics Korea; 2017 [cited 2021 Aug 26]. Available from: https://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsListIndex.do?vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&menuId=M_01_01.
  4. Statistics Korea. Annual report on the statistics for elderly [Internet]. Statistics Korea; 2019 [cited 2021 Aug 26]. Available from: https://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsListIndex.do?vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&menuId=M_01_01.
  5. Kim MJ, Lim JY. The effect of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of chronic disease in the elderly: Focusing on nutrient intake. Health Soc Welf Rev 2017; 37(4): 125-145. https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2017.37.4.125
  6. Bae AJ, Yoon JH, Yun SY, Asano KN. Dietary and health characteristics of the young-old and the old-old by food security status: Analysis of data from the 6th (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health 2019; 52(1): 104-117. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.1.104
  7. Hyun HS, Lee IS. Body Mass Index (BMI)-related factors of community-dwelling elders: Comparison between early and late elderly people. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2013; 24(1): 62-73. https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.1.62
  8. Kim EK. Age difference in factors associated with health-related quality of life among elderly. J Korean Data Anal Soc 2017; 19(5): 2807-2823. https://doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2017.19.5.2807
  9. Yook SM, Park SH, Moon HK, Kim KR, Shim JE, Hwang JY. Development of Korean Healthy Eating Index for adults using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. J Nutr Health 2015; 48(5): 419-428. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.5.419
  10. Shin SR, Lee SM. Relation between the total diet quality based on Korean Healthy Eating Index and the incidence of metabolic syndrome constituents and metabolic syndrome among a prospective cohort of Korean adults. Korean J Community Nutr 2020; 25(1): 61-70. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.1.61
  11. Yun SH, Oh KW. Development and status of Korean Healthy Eating Index for adults based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Public Health Wkly Rep 2018; 11(52): 1764-1772.
  12. Han GS. Evaluation of chronic disease and nutritional intake by obesity of Korean elderly: Data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016~2018. Korean J Food Nutr 2020; 33(4): 428-439. https://doi.org/10.9799/KSFAN.2020.33.4.428
  13. Kim DM, Kim KH. The changes in obesity prevalence and dietary habits in Korean adults by residential area during the Last 10 Years: Based on the 4th (2007-2009) and the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Korean J Community Nutr 2021; 26(1): 37-47. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.1.37
  14. Damian J, Ruigomez A, Pastor V, Martin-Moreno JM. Determinants of self assessed health among Spanish older people living at home. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999; 53(7): 412-416. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.53.7.412
  15. Lee MS. Nutritional risk, perceived health status, and depression of the young-old and the old-old in low-income elderly women. J Agric Med Community Health 2012; 37(1): 12-22. https://doi.org/10.5393/JAMCH.2012.37.1.012
  16. Shin GY, Kim EK. Factors associated with health-related quality of life in vulnerable elderly women. J Korean Public Health Nurs 2014; 28(3): 419-431. https://doi.org/10.5932/JKPHN.2014.28.3.419
  17. Lee SJ, Lee KW, Oh JE, Cho MS. Nutritional and health consequences are associated with food insecurity among Korean elderly: Based on the fifth (2010) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1). J Nutr Health 2015; 48(6): 519-529. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.6.519
  18. Cho EB, Park HA, Kang JH, Kim KW, Cho YG, Choi DH. Snack consumption patterns and its nutritional significance in Korean elderly population: From the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Health Educ Promot 2017; 17(2): 80-90. https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.2.80
  19. Park MS, Suh YS, Chung YJ. Comparison of chronic disease risk by dietary carbohydrate energy ratio in Korean elderly: Using the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health 2014; 47(4): 247-257. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.4.247
  20. Jung EJ. Oral health status of the young-old and the old-old elderly in the vulnerable groups: Data from the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2020; 20(6): 831-841.
  21. Suh YS, Park MS, Chung YJ. An evaluation of chronic disease risk based on the percentage of energy from carbohydrates and the frequency of vegetable intake in the Korean elderly: Using the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Community Nutr 2015; 20(1): 41-52. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.1.41
  22. Kim MH. Characteristics of nutrient intake according to metabolic syndrome in Korean elderly-using data from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2010. Korean J Food Nutr 2013; 26(3): 515-525. https://doi.org/10.9799/KSFAN.2013.26.3.515
  23. Kwak CS, Cho JH, Yon MY, Park SC. Anthropometric index, dietary habits and nutrient intake of the oldest-old population aged 95 and over living in Seoul. Korean J Community Nutr 2012; 17(5): 603-622. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.603
  24. Lee MS. Death rates of Korean men in their forties and relevant social backgrounds. Korean J Sociol 2001; 35(4): 189-212.
  25. Son IH, Han YH, Hyun TS. Changes in weight, waist circumference, prevalence of obesity, and dietary factors associated with weight gain over 8 years in Korean adults: Longitudinal data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. J Nutr Health 2017; 50(4): 336-349. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2017.50.4.336
  26. Kwon IS, Kim CH, Ko HS, Cho SI, Choi YH, Park SC. Risk factors of cardiovascular disease in Korean exceptional longevity. J Korean Geriatr Soc 2005; 9(4): 251-265.
  27. Kim JA, Lee SY. The study of dietary habits and health behaviors according to physical activity type in Korean adults: Based on the 2016~2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Community Nutr 2021; 26(2): 122-133. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.2.122