• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2014.06a
• /
• pp.231-232
• /
• 2014

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.977-981
• /
• 2006

In order to improve water quality in drinking water sources, Ministry of Environment (MOE) was implemented total water pollution load management (TWPLM) in all the major river basins. From the experience of the application of TWPLM, we could find some problems relating the target watershed, standard operating procedure (SOP) of establishment and implementation plan, water quality and flow rate, design flow, water quality model, margin of safety (MOS), and estimation of wasteload were found. The authors were reviewed ongoing TWPLM and presented the improvement schemes for a successful TWPLM. For the application of these suggestions, further detailed studies should be done to implement TWPLM in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.1 s.65
• /
• pp.204-219
• /
• 2006

Objectives : This study is to report the proceeding of the project sponsored by the ministry of science and technology of Korea for the stroke study titled as 'fundamental study for standardization and objectification of differentiation and pattern identification of symptoms of Oriental Medicine in stroke'. Methods and Results : We works for clinical research and molecular epidemiology center and we are in charge of the development of case report form, education of the investigators, data entry, data validation, and analysis. In the process of this project, we need to development of standard operating procedures for development and education for the case report form. Conclusions : This study is to let researchers for Traditional Korean Medicine and clinical research know how to develop of case report form and standard operating procedures in clinical researches and maintain the resource document and data.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.10
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the convergent awareness of emergency medical technicians serving as paramedics on the standard operating procedure(SOP) and their performance of it. The subjects in this study were 400 selected emergency medical technicians who were working as paramedics, and SPSS 20.0 was employed to make an analysis. The findings of the study were as follows: As for the convergent awareness of the subjects, they were best aware of the prevention of respiratory infections, and they were least aware of hand hygiene. Concerning performance, they performed best in handling treatment equipment and ensuring staff safety, and they performed least well in terms of hand hygiene. Overall, they were rated higher in awareness than in performance. Second, regarding the influence of general characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in awareness according to age, gender and injury experience, and significant differences were found in performance according to career only. The convergent awareness of the emergency medical workers was positively correlated with their performance. Given the findings of the study, it's required to improve both the Standard Operating Procedure awareness and performance of emergency medical workers who serve as paramedics, and it's expected to make it possible to boost their performance when repeated education is provided with the kind of programs that aim at improving awareness.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 2012

The ESBs (Environmental Specimen Banks) have monitoring functions for the contemporary environmental qualities and also offer the future generation tangible information on the past environment by preserving the specimens. This entails the sampling of the representative specimen for each distinctive ecosystem, which is performed under a strict and stipulated procedure and a condition that does not allow any change in the component so that a retrospective analysis can be readily done even in the distant future. It has been more than 30 years that some developing countries started collecting a broad spectrum of specimens to vindicate the effectiveness of an environmental policy and to monitor the long-term variations of background concentrations of environmental pollutants. Though being late, the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea, has successfully launched the National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) in 2009 equipped with its state-of-the-art automated cryogenic tanks. Since then, the researchers at the NESB have been doing their best to excel the existing ESBs around the world by learning and improving the expertise. To do so, they conducted a pilot study for developing and testing their own Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) based on the analysis of the examples of the other ESBs. The problems from the pilot study had been reviewed to improve the SOP to meet the requirements for an ESB, that is to say, preserving representative environmental specimens in cryogenic condition and enhancing the analytical method. Furthermore, they also need to prepare themselves to address the future challenges by providing some additional functions, which makes it distinguishable from the other ESBs. If successful, this will be a step further to be recognized as a full-fledged member of the ESB society of the world.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.607-618
• /
• 2015

Five years have passed since the first set of environmental samples was taken in 2011 to represent various ecosystems which would help future generations lead back to the past environment. Those samples have been preserved cryogenically in the National Environmental Specimen Bank(NESB) at the National Institute of Environmental Research. Even though there is a strict regulation (SOP, standard operating procedure) that rules over the whole sampling procedure to ensure each sample to represent the sampling area, it has not been put to the test for the validation. The question needs to be answered to clear any doubts on the representativeness and the quality of the samples. In order to address the question and ensure the sampling practice set in the SOP, many steps to the measurement of the sample, that is, from sampling in the field and the chemical analysis in the lab are broken down to evaluate the uncertainty at each level. Of the 8 species currently taken for the cryogenic preservation in the NESB, pine tree samples from two different sites were selected for this study. Duplicate samples were taken from each site according to the sampling protocol followed by the duplicate analyses which were carried out for each discrete sample. The uncertainties were evaluated by Robust ANOVA; two levels of uncertainty, one is the uncertainty from the sampling practice, and the other from the analytical process, were then compiled to give the measurement uncertainty on a measured concentration of the measurand. As a result, it was confirmed that it is the sampling practice not the analytical process that accounts for the most of the measurement uncertainty. Based on the top-down approach for the measurement uncertainty, the efficient way to ensure the representativeness of the sample was to increase the quantity of each discrete sample for the making of a composite sample, than to increase the number of the discrete samples across the site. Furthermore, the cost-effective approach to enhance the confidence level on the measurement can be expected from the efforts to lower the sampling uncertainty, not the analytical uncertainty. To test the representativeness of a composite sample of a sampling area, the variance within the site should be less than the difference from duplicate sampling. For that, a criterion, ${i.e.s^2}_{geochem}$(across the site variance) <${s^2}_{samp}$(variance at the sampling location) was proposed. In light of the criterion, the two representative samples for the two study areas passed the requirement. In contrast, whenever the variance of among the sampling locations (i.e. across the site) is larger than the sampling variance, more sampling increments need to be added within the sampling area until the requirement for the representativeness is achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 수소 경제의 핵심 인프라 시설인 수소 충전소의 조업자 안전 운전을 위한 교육 및 훈련 프로그램을 구축하였으며, 개발된 프로그램은 크게 수소안전교육 모듈, 수소 충전소 가상체험 모듈, 가상 사고 시나리오 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 수소안전교육 모듈에서는 수소 사고의 특징과 안전 물성 등의 자료를 수록함으로써 수소에 안전에 대한 이해를 돕도록 하였으며, 가상체험 모듈에서는 충전소의 구성과 용도를 3D Virtual Reality 기술을 도입해 간접 체험할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 가상사고 모듈에서는 수소 충전소에서 일어날 수 있는 사고에 대한 동적 모사를 수행하여 사고의 전개 과정 및 결과를 체험해 볼 수 있도록 하였다. 이와 함께 사고가 일어났을 경우 신속하고 정확한 대응을 통해 피해를 최소화하기 위한 ERP(Emergency Response Plan)과 SOP(Standard Operating Procedure)를 개발하였다.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2010

The usefulness of constitutional diagnoses based on skin measurements has been established in oriental medicine. According to Sasang constitutional medicine, humans can be distinguished based on properties of skin's friction, thickness and elasticity. To quantify and standardize skin diagnosis, the present study designed an equipment for measuring skin elasticity of hand. But there were some noises in measuring skin elasticity such as measurement method, environment, operator and conditions of patient. So we considered a six sigma project for reducing the measurement errors. The project was followed to discipline process of five macro phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control(DMAIC). So, we could find the major factors which should be controled for stabilizing measurement system and we revised the SOP(Standard Operating Procedure) of the skin elasticity measurement.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.13
• /
• pp.113-144
• /
• 2007

The entire world has lived in terror threatened by new-terrorism since the 9.11 terror. Having appeared since 9.11, new-terrorism is new kind of terror targeting victims at random. Bioterrorism is one good example. Since bioterrorism happens secretly, it's hard to identify. The case becomes even harder to detect if it takes the form of a new epidemic. This study set out to apply the four phases of crisis management regarding outbreak and measures of SARS, the latest new epidemic, and to prepare against bioterrorism taking the form of a new epidemic, It also shows the efforts to study what to prepare and what kind of actions to take in case of bioterrorism by applying the four phases. There results demonstrate that the preventive measures against bioterrorism include arranging terror-related laws and identifying and monitoring expected pathogenic organs. In the preparation phases, they should integrate the related agencies, prepare for the standard operating procedures(SOP), execute integrated training sessions among the related agencies, and secure the necessary resources such as vaccine, cures, and exploration devices. In the response phases, they need to set up a rapid diagnosis system, quarantine and then cure the patients, and pursue cooperation from the media and promotions and further an international cooperation system to take appropriate measures. And the final recovery phases should involve offering emergency support by checking the situations and engaging in activities to prevent another terror attack by providing counseling, exchanging information, and analyzing and evaluating the causes.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2015

More than 70 percent of the Korean territory consists of mountain area so development of mountain district is essential to urbanize continuously. Thus, technological developments for risk factors and standards and manuals must be needed to prevent mountain disaster. Risk Management Manual should be made and operated in government legislation related to national disaster, but there is still no Emergency Management Standard Manual and Emergency Response-Practical Manual to prevent mountain disaster. This study suggests the improvement plans that are legislated but not established cleary in the field of disaster in urban area. The main items are like as 1) adaptable standard and practical manual to prevent mountain disaster in urban area, 2) reinforcement between managing department and interagency vertically and horizontally in central and local government organization, 3) Personal SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) not EOP (Emergency Operation Plan), 4) considering 13 items selected by Ministry of Public Safety and Security, 5) schematization with personal action plan, 6) check list to do in the event of mountain disaster, and 7) regular practice per quarter.