• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.734-741
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• 2015

Coating is a type of paint. It protects a product forming a film layer on the product and assigns various properties to the product. Coating is one of the fields which is being studied actively in the polymer industry. Importance of coating in various industries is more increased. However, mixing process has been performing in dependence on operator's experience. In this paper, we found the relationship between each data from coating formulation process. We propose a framework to analyze the coating formulation process as well. It can improve the coating formulation process. In particular, the suggested framework may reduce degradation and loss costs due to absence of standard data which is accurate formulation criteria. Also it suggests responses to errors which can be occurred in the future through the analysis of the error data generated in mixing step.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2015

Various personalized services are provided based on user context these days, and IoT(Internet of Things) devices provides effective ways to collect user context. For example, user's activity such as walking steps, calories, and sleeping hours can be collected using smart activity tracker. Smart scale can sense change of user's weight or body fat percentage. However, these services are independent to each other and not easy to make them collaborate. Many standard bodies are working on the documents for this issue, but due to diversity of IoT use case scenarios, it seems that multiple IoT technologies co-exist for the time being. This paper propose a framework to collaborate heterogeneous IoT services. The proposed framework provides methods to build application for heterogeneous IoT devices and user context management in more intuitive way using HTTP. To improve compatibility and usability, gathered user contexts are based on MPEG-UD. Implementation of framework and service with real-world devices are also presented.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2221-2235
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• 2020

Compared to the past infrastructure networks, the current smart grid network can improve productivity and management efficiency. However, as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Internet-based standard communication protocol is used, external network contacts are created, which is accompanied by security vulnerabilities from various perspectives. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop an appropriate cybersecurity guideline that enables effective reactions to cybersecurity threats caused by the abuse of such defects. Unfortunately, it is not easy for each organization to develop an adequate cybersecurity guideline. Thus, the cybersecurity checklist proposed by a government organization is used. The checklist does not fully reflect the characteristics of each infrastructure network. In this study, we proposed a cybersecurity framework that reflects the characteristics of a microgrid network in the IIoT environment, and performed an analysis to validate the proposed framework.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.233-245
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• 2010

This paper proposes security architecture, security audit framework, and audit check item. These are based on the security requirement that has been researched in the information system audit. The proposed information security architecture is built in a way that it could defend a cyber attack. According to its life cycle, it considers a security service and security control that is required by the information system. It is mapped in a way that it can control the security technology and security environment. As a result, an audit framework of the information system is presented based on the security requirement and security architecture. The standard checkpoints of security audit are of the highest level. It was applied to the system introduction for the next generation of D stock and D life insurance company. Also, it was applied to the human resources information system of K institution and was verified. Before applying to institutions, system developers and administrators were educated about their awareness about security so that they can follow guidelines of a developer security. As a result, the systemic security problems were decreased by more than eighty percent.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-134
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to expound the packaging framework system(PFS) under international trade rules. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed packaging framework system and packaging regulations and technical standards in international regulations and major countries and classified these in some standards Findings - First, the study provides packaging provisions associated with packaging regulations and technical standards (PRTS). Then, the basis of PFS in international trade rules was proposed; it is believed that the PFS was composed of packaging legal system in WTO institutional framework (WTO-PLS), international organization packaging standard system (IO-PSS) and major countries or regions packaging regulatory system (MCR-PRS). Secondly, this paper expounded relations and legal characteristics of the three packaging systems. Finally, This study investigated PRTS coverage under technical barriers to trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS). Research implications or Originality - The regulations associated with PRTS have played a key role in challenges to merchandise trade in international trade. This study has significance in classifying packaging related reticulations into several criteria unlike previous studies. Therefore it is hope that this study can provide a supplementary document for the existing research of PRTS.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.125-139
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• 2005

It is assumed that GIS conformance certification can be important for improving geospatial interoperability. This study aims to establish the framework, methodology and model for GIS conformance testing and certification Also, as an implementation example, a pilot conformance testing for GIS metadata standard are examined.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.1102-1107
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• 2006

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1041-1054
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• 2013

Big ideas are overarching principles that help students to build a holistic understanding of domain-specific knowledge and assimilate individual facts and theories. This study aims to design a standard-based integrated science curriculum framework based on Big Ideas. The core contents were extracted by analysing the 2009 National Science Standards curriculum of primary and middle schools. Four Big Ideas, 'diversity,' 'structure,' 'interaction,' and 'change,' were generated after the process of examination and categorization of core contents. The scientific facts, disciplinary concepts, and interdisciplinary concepts of every scientific domains included in each Big Idea are represented as a knowledge pyramid. Essential questions guiding the direction of curriculum design were proposed on each Big idea. Based on the framework, teaching modules for 'structure' were developed for grades 5~6.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to design the framework of evaluation on learner's cognitive skill for artificial intelligence(AI) education through computational thinking. To design the rubric and framework for evaluating the change of leaner's intrinsic thinking, the evaluation process was consisted of a sequential stage with a) agency that cognitive learning assistance for data collection, b) abstraction that recognizes the pattern of data and performs the categorization process by decomposing the characteristics of collected data, and c) modeling that constructing algorithms based on refined data through abstraction. The evaluating framework was designed for not only the cognitive domain of learners' perceptions, learning, behaviors, and outcomes but also the areas of knowledge, competencies, and attitudes about the problem-solving process and results of learners to evaluate the changes of inherent cognitive learning about AI education. The results of the research are meaningful in that the evaluating framework for AI education was developed for the development of individualized evaluation tools according to the context of teaching and learning, and it could be used as a standard in various areas of AI education in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.419-437
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• 1998

Nurses use a nursing process. that is a scientific approach method. in order to understand the clients' condition and to solve their problems. Professional nurses have accepted the nursing process as a standard framework for nursing activities, and the first step of the nursing process is nursing assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing assessment tool for emergency patients. Assessment is a first step in the nursing process, and scientific assessment helps to better understand the patients. Thus the development of an assessment tool for emergency patients will improve of nursing quality and advance to efficacy of emergency room(ER) management. The study involved the development of a conceptual framework, preliminary tool, content validity verification process. and reliability verification process. The conceptual framework was developed through a review of the literature. and preliminary tool was developed from the conceptual framework that based on care flow sheet' developed James A. Haley. The preliminary tool was evaluated for validity and reliability by seven experts, one ER nurse manager, two ER head nurses, two emergency medicine doctors. and two ER charge nurses and by ten nurses with one to five year careers in ER nursing. The results of this study was as follows 1. The conceptual framework which was developed was composed of three parts. They were triage criteria, first assessment and secondary assessment. 2. The preliminary tool which was developed had 31 items based on the conceptual framework. 3. To test expert validity a 4-point scale was used. items which had gained 3-4 points from six persons of the seven experts were selected. All 31 items from the preliminary tool were selected. 4. The reliability test was done by ten nurses educated in the use of the assessment tool. Two pairs of nurses simultaneously assessed the same patients. A total agreement percentile was calculated and result was 87.3% agreement. 5. After the validity and reliability testing. the final emergency patient nursing assessment tool was finalized with 31 items. and a check-list for the responses. This study concludes that the tool which was developed is both valid and reliable will advance quality care for emergency patients. This emergency nursing assessment tool was also found to be an adequate tool for assessment of emergency patients.