• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2007

Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) was used as a rapid and nondestructive method to determine the fatty acid composition in intact seed samples of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.). A total of 349 samples(about 2 g of intact seeds) were scanned in the reflectance mode of a scanning monochromator, and the reference values for fatty acid composition were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Calibration equations for individual fatty acids were developed using the regression method of modified partial least-squares with internal cross validation(n=249). The equations had low SECV(standard errors of cross-validation), and high $R^2$(coefficient of determination in calibration) values(>0.8) except for palmitic and eicosenoic acid. Prediction of an external validation set(n=100) showed significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the SEP(standard error of prediction), $r^2$(coefficient of determination in prediction), and the ratio of standard deviation(SD) of reference data to SEP. The models developed in this study had relatively higher values(> 3.0 and 0.9, respectively) of SD/SEP(C) and $r^2$ for oleic, linoleic, and erucic acid, characterizing those equations as having good quantitative information. The results indicated that NIRS could be used to rapidly determine the fatty acid composition in rapeseed seeds in the breeding programs for high quality rapeseed oil.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.10B
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• pp.928-938
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• 2008

Though services requiring Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) have been widely deployed on the internet, most of internet backbone networks, unfortunately, do not distinguish them from the best-effort services. Thus estimating the effective capacity meaning the traffic volume that the backbone networks maximally accommodate with keeping QoS guarantees for the services is very important for Internet Service Providers. This paper proposes a test-bed based on ns-2 to evaluate the effective capacity of backbone networks and then estimates the effective capacity of an experimental backbone network using the test-bed in terms of the service standard of the VoIP service. The result showed that the effective capacity of the network is estimated as between 12% and 55% of its physical capacity, which is depending on the maximum delay guarantee probability, and strongly affected by not only the type of offered workload but also the quality standard. Especially, it demonstrated that in order to improve the effective capacity the maximum end-to-end delay requirement of the VoIP service needs to be loosened in terms of the probability to guarantee.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.196-204
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• 2019

Background: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) for simultaneous analysis of multiple microbial secondary metabolites (MSMs) is potentially subject to interference by matrix components. Methods: We examined potential matrix effects (MEs) in analyses of 31 MSMs using ultraperformance LC-MSMS. Twenty-one dust aliquots from three buildings (seven aliquots/building) were spiked with seven concentrations of each of the MSMs ($6.2pg/{\mu}l-900pg/{\mu}l$) and then extracted. Another set of 21 aliquots were first extracted and then, the extract was spiked with the same concentrations. We added deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM) to all aliquots as a universal internal standard. Ten microliters of the extract was injected into the ultraperformance LC-MSMS. ME was calculated by subtracting the percentage of the response of analyte in spiked extract to that in neat standard from 100. Spiked extract results were used to create a matrix-matched calibration (MMC) curve for estimating MSM concentration in dust spiked before extraction. Results: Analysis of variance was used to examine effects of compound (MSM), building and concentration on response. MEs (range: 63.4%-99.97%) significantly differed by MSM (p < 0.01) and building (p < 0.05). Mean percent recoveries adjusted with DOM and the MMC method were 246.3% (SD = 226.0) and 86.3% (SD = 70.7), respectively. Conclusion: We found that dust MEs resulted in substantial underestimation in quantifying MSMs and that DOM was not an optimal universal internal standard for the adjustment but that the MMC method resulted in more accurate and precise recovery compared with DOM. More research on adjustment methods for dust MEs in the simultaneous analyses of multiple MSMs using LC-MSMS is warranted.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 2022

This paper estimates the price of standard waste bags that satisfies the polluter pays principle. Unlike previous studies, this paper suggests a method that can find new equilibrium prices using a structural relationship between the demand and cost function for the wastes. To do this, we employ the fixed-point iteration. The main findings of this paper are as follows. Assuming that the polluter pays principle is achieved at the average cost for the waste treatment, the price need to be set at a level about 3.12 times higher than the current one. The estimation result using a structural model, however, shows that the price should be set at a level four times higher than the present. This results are because the quantities reduced of the wastes make the cost per quantity of wastes due to the fixed costs increase. If applying the estimated price to the demand function, the amount of discharge of waste generated nationwide can be reduced by 10%.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.555-565
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• 2024

The government has enacted legislation to enforce selective dismantling in order to increase the recycling of construction waste. Therefore, this study aims to propose a standard quantity per unit estimation method, crucial for determining the expenses associated with large-scale demolition projects necessary for public development, particularly in the context of extensive land development ventures. Four individual houses were thoroughly examined and tested. We surveyed the house to create a floor plan and conducted a detailed investigation of interior materials in order to propose a Standard Quantity per Unit for cost estimation of the selective dismantling work. The process encompassed precise measurement of the houses, creation of schematics, thorough scrutiny of interior materials, and division of the dismantling process into components such as ceilings, walls, and floors. The duration of each dismantling task was meticulously documented. Particular emphasis was placed on refining the methodology to accommodate factors such as window openings, thereby ensuring a heightened level of precision compared to preceding studies. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to serve as practical benchmarks for estimating costs in demolition projects, thereby fostering sustainable development within the construction industry.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 1993

This paper empirically analyzes economic impacts of policy instruments and suggests policy alternations to improve the urban poor's alternatioes to improve the urban poor's standard of living in Korea. By estimating a joint decsim model of hours of work and housing demand utilizing a sample of 270 urban poor housholds, the study finds that the efects of policies dre diverse. The dncome subsidy to msst effectwe in increasing comsumption while the wage increase is least likely to decrease hours of work. Policy suggection are firstly that policies to ward the urban poor should hot be overlapping or contradictory, and secondly that the policies should be able to increase the poor's wage earning abiliby.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

Mix-used development in urban renewal project is done to effectively utilize the limited downtown. Generally unlike a single project, It features placing a large number of different facilities(residential, commercial, business, cultural, etc.) which is each other organically linked. The purpose of this study is to suggest the method of modeling guide for 3D preliminary cost estimation considering visual and intuitive judgement of space in mix-used development Urban Renewal project. In this research, introducing SME(Standard Module and Element) breakdown structure, FID(Finish Identity) for estimating building space unit-based quantity take off was implemented. It could narrow the discrepancy of opinion between the stakeholders with more accurate cost-estimates, comparing to the traditional methods.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1990

Geometrical characteristics of fruit including perimeter, projected area and length of minor and major axis were calculated by computer programs to be used in fruit sorting by image processing system. The results are summerized as follows. 1. A program calculating perimeter, projected area, and length of minor and major axis by edge detection and chain code was developed. 2. Geometrical characteristics of given figures were calculated to verify the program and the discrepancies from the measured values were about 5%. 3. Regression models for estimating volums of apples were developed and regression coefficients for each variety were found. 4. Abnormal apples could be recognized by comparing the ratio of minor axis to major axis and the standard value was proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2005

The main purpose of this paper Is to develop the Management Resource Analysis System for KOTRA which is based on Activity Based Costing(ABC). Because the products and services of KOTRA are exclusive and include a government subsidy, we need develop a different system from the private firm's ABC system. The Management Resource Analysis System that we propose is embodied using JAVA and JSP within an UNIX environment and developed as a Web-enabling base. It is expected for aiding a manager's decision-making such as resource inquiry, standard resource analysis, estimating the ratio of a government subsidy, case based reasoning, what-if analysis. The results of this paper suggest what points are to be considered when we apply ABC for Government Investment Corporation.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2012

A simple and robust methodology is presented to determine the location and amount of crack in beam like structures based on the incremental particle swarm optimization technique. A comparison is made for assessing the performance of standard particle swarm optimization and the incremental particle swarm optimization technique for detecting crack in structural members. The objective function is formulated using the measured natural frequency of the intact structure and the frequency obtained from the finite element simulation. The outcomes of the simulated results demonstrate that the developed method is capable of detecting and estimating the extent of damages with satisfactory precision.