• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.1267-1281
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• 2015

Carbon steel plate girders have been used on a large scale in the building industry. Nowadays, Lean Duplex Stainless Steel (LDSS) plate girders are gaining popularity as they possess greater strength and are more impervious to corrosion than those that are constructed from carbon steel. Regardless of their popularity, there is very limited information with regards to their shear behavior. In this paper, the non-linear finite element analysis was employed to investigate the shear behavior of LDSS plate girders. Parameters considered were the web thickness, the flange width, and the girders aspect ratio. The analysis revealed that although the shear behavior of the LDSS girders was no different from that of carbon steel plate girders, it had obviously been affected by the non-linearity of the material. Furthermore, the selected parameters were found to pronounce effect on the shear capacity of the LDSS girders. That is, the shear capacity increased considerably with web thickness, and increased slightly with flange width. However, it was reduced as the aspect ratio increased. Comparisons between the finite element analysis failure loads and those predicted by the current European Code of Practice revealed that the latter underestimated the shear strength of the LDSS plate girders.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.69-74
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• 1991

The Plasma Arc Cutting Method using high density and hight temperature beam is well applicable to the cutting of the nonferrous metal (Al alloy ) and stainless steel which are unable to be cut by the use of the oxy-fuel gas. This study focalizes on the cutting phenomena of the plate of (mm) thickness, since the cutting phenomena of thick plates have been rather thoroughly studied. In this study the cutting groove, adhesive phenomena of dross, surface roughness were measured according to the variation of cutting speed and compared with the case of mild steel plates. The result showed that the kerf width variation of Al alloy was similar to the case of mild steel, while that of the stainless steel differed from the mild steel. In the adhesive phenomena of dross, 6(mm) thick plates of Al alloy showed a difference from those of thick plates, but the stainless steel was similar to thick plates. The surface roughness variation of Al alloy wias minimum at 67 cm/min, while that of stainless steel was at 30cm/min.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2010

The corrosion behaviors of 316L stainless steel were investigated in simulated anodic and cathodic environments for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by using electrochemical measurement techniques. Interfacial contact resistance(ICR) between the stainless steel and gas diffusion layer(GDL) was also measured. The possibility of 316L was evaluated as a substitute material for the graphite bipolar plate of PEMFC. The value of ICR decreased with an increase in compaction stress(20 N/$cm^2$~220 N/$cm^2$) showing the higher values than the required value in PEMFC condition. Although 316L was spontaneously passivated in simulated cathodic environment, its passive state was unstable in simulated anodic environment. Potentiostatic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement results showed that the corrosion resistance in cathodic condition was higher and more stable than that in anodic condition. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and inductively coupled plasma(ICP) were used to analyze the surface morphology and the metal ion concentration in electrolytes.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.722-727
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• 2009

The bipolar plates are not only the major part of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack in weight and volume, but also a significant contributor to the stack costs. Stainless steels are considered to be good candidates for bipolar plate materials of the PEMFC due to their low cost, high strength and easy machining, as well as corrosion resistance. In this paper, 316L stainless steel with and without nitrogen ion implantation were tested in simulated PEMFC environments for application as bipolar plates. The results showed that the nitride formed by nitrogen ion implantation contributed the decrease of the interfacial contact resistance without degradation of corrosion property. The combination of excellent properties indicated that nitrogen ion implanted stainless steel could be potential candidate materials as bipolar plates in PEMFC. Current efforts have focused on optimizing the condition of ion implantation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 2012

The corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel coated with NiO-YSZ (Ni added yttria stabilized zirconia) was examined in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environment. The NiO-YSZ coating was carried out using a sol-gel dip coating method, and the corrosion resistance and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) were determined by the composition and morphology of the NiO-YSZ film. The corrosion resistance increased with increasing Ni content in the NiO-YSZ film, but rapid corrosion was observed when the YSZ film contained more than 15 wt % Ni due to surface cracks. The polarization resistance was improved by several orders of magnitude when 316L stainless steel was coated with a 15 wt % NiO-YSZ film compared to bare 316L. The ICR of the NiO-YSZ film was decreased to that of bare 316L when the YSZ film contained 25 wt % NiO, suggesting the possible application of NiO-YSZ coated stainless steel for a bipolar plate.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.13-18
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• 2021

In plate forming technology, cylindrical drawing process is widely used in industry due to technological development. In this study, we used stainless steel 3042B and stainless steel 304J1, which are the most commonly used materials in the production of cold and hot water tanks for water purifiers, among cylindrical drawing products. Under the same conditions, the thickness of the sidewall of the product formed by drawn experiment was studied. As a result of the experiment, the bottom thickness of stainless steel 304J1 was considered to be thick. It is judged that the defect rate can be reduced by changing the breaking phenomenon of the floor surface of the cold and hot water bottles to the material of stainless steel 304j1. Stainless steel 304 2B material shows a sharp change in thickness from punch corner R to sidewall position, while stainless steel 304J1 material showed a uniform change from punch corner R to sidewall position. Stainless steel 304J1 material is considered to improve the clamping of the product in the process of extracting the product after hand drawing. The appearance of stainless steel 3042B products is considered to produce more wrinkles in the flange, which exerts greater tensile force on the sidewall during molding, resulting in uneven sidewall thickness.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

Pulse laser welding of AISI 304 stainless steel plate was simulated to optimize welding conditions by using commercial finite element code MARC. Due to geometric symmetry, a half model of AISI 304 stainless steel plate was considered. for the heat transfer analysis, user subroutines were applied to boundary condition. The material properties such as conductivity, specific heat, and mass density were given as a function of temperature and the latent heat associated with a given temperature range was considered. A moving heat source was designed on the basis of experimental data. As a result, Nd:YAG laser welding for AISI 304 stainless steel was successfully simulated and it should be useful to determine optimal welding condition.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2020

Development of lightweight implant plates are important to reduce the stress shielding effect for a prosthesis of femur bone fractures. Stainless steel (SS-316L) is a widely used material for making implants. Stress shielding effect and other issues arise due to the difference in mechanical properties of stainless steel when compared with bone. To overcome these issues, composite materials seem to be a better alternative solution. The comparison is made between two biocompatible composite materials, namely Ti-hydroxyapatite and Ti-polypropylene. "Titanium (Ti)" is fiber material while "hydroxyapatite" and "polypropylene" are matrix materials. These two composites have Young's modulus closer to the bone than stainless steel. Besides the variety of bones, present paper constrained to femur bone analysis only. Being heaviest and longest, the femur is the most likely to fail among all bone failures in human. Modelling of the femur bone, screws, implant and assembly was carried out using CATIA and static analysis was carried out using ANSYS. The femur bone assembly was analyzed for forces during daily activities. Ti-hydroxyapatite and Ti-polypropylene composite implants induced more stress in composite implant plate, results less stress induced in bone leading to a reduction in shielding effect than stainless steel implant plate thus ensuring safety and quick healing for the patient.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.300-313
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• 2022

Interest in polymer electrolyte fuel cell is growing to replace fossil fuels. In particular, in order to reduce the cost and volume of the fuel cell, research on a metallic bipolar plate is being actively conducted. In this research, investigated the effects of temperature and chloride concentration on the electrochemical characteristics and damage behavior of 316L stainless steel in an accelerated solution simulating the cathodic operating condition of PEMFC(Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell). As a result of the experiments, the corrosion current density, damage size, and surface roughness increased as the temperature and chloride concentration increased. In particular, the temperature had a significant effect on the stability of the oxide film of 316L stainless steel. In addition, it was described that the growth of the pit was affected by the chloride concentration rather than the temperature. As a result of calculating the corrosion tendency to compare the pitting corrosion rate and the uniform corrosion rate, the uniform corrosion tendency became larger as the temperature increased. And the effects of chloride concentration on corrosion tendency was different according to temperature.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2003

As an alternative bipolar plate material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), TiN-coated 316 stainless was evaluated in terms of electrical contact resistance and water contact angle. Performance and lifetime of the TiN-coated 316 bipolar plates were measured in comparison with those of graphite and bare 316 bipolar plates. At a cell voltage of 0.6 V, current density of the single cells using graphite, AISI 316, and TiN/316 bipolar plates was 996, 796, and $896mA/cm^2$, respectively. By coating 316 stainless steel with TiN layer, performance degradation rate determined to be the voltage degradation rate at a cell voltage of 0.6 V was reduced from 2.3 to 0.43 mV/h.