• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.819-829
• /
• 2022

Professional baseball is one of the spectator sports that has been loved for a long time by the citizens as a recreational activity since its establishment in 1982, and has been playing pivotal role as a national sport. However, there has been decline in the number of audiences since 2019. Hence, this research paper aimed to provide strategic direction for planning and improvement of professional baseball stadiums by applying the concept of servicescape. In this research, five key factors of servicescape that affects players performance and the level of immersion of spectators were derived through literature review, and based on these key factors, case study analysis were carried out for 51 domestic and foreign baseball stadiums while focusing on the factors derived. Domestic baseball stadiums highly concentrate on spectatorship without effectively responding to change in spectators demand and its effective use of space rather than baseball games. As in foreign cases, it is critical to modify mangement process and planning direction, and improve policies while perceiving baseball stadium as recreational and cultural space.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study, we will evaluate and analyze the importance and performance of Seongnam Football Club visitors using IPA analysis to present new marketing strategies and improvement plans based on the basis of the audience's perception of the team's priority, low priority, and excessive effort. Research design, data, and methodology: In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the survey was conducted on 120 home spectators of Seongnam Football Club, and the analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS Window Version 21.0. Data were analyzed via frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, corresponding sample t-test, and IPA analysis. Findings are as follows. Results: First, the first quadrant showed 'The convenience of access to the stadium', 'Parking lot convenience', 'Tournament schedule guidance', 'Providing information about player', 'Providing information about the team', 'Ticket reservation method'. Second, the second quadrant showed 'Players' fan service', 'Cleanliness of toilets', 'A player's level of performance', 'Team's level of play', 'A match against a rival team'. Third, the third quadrant showed 'Indication of facility guidance', 'Seat comfort', 'Team's Star Player Possession', 'Various participation events', 'Gift recommendation'. Fourth, the fourth quadrant showed 'Player-related promotion through media', 'Promote match schedules through media', 'Entrance convenience', 'Ticket Price'. Conclusions: Based on these findings, Factor in first quadrant, fourth quadrant should be kept. On the other hand, factors in second quadrant should be improved as soon as possible while factors in third quadrant can be improved through new marketing strategies in the future. Future implications were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.7 no.3 s.25
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to make suggestions for considerable factors about planning of the cooling and heating system of domed stadiums. Planning of the thermal environment of large enclosure is needed the accumulation of the data base based on continuous research and experience. Therefore this paper shows and analyzes the typology of the reeling and heating system of Japanese domed stadiums. And the results of this study purpose a basic data for planning of the cooling and heating system to make comfortable indoor thermal environment of large enclosures.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.91-118
• /
• 2019

Every year, many people are severely injured or lose their lives in accidents such as fire, chemical spill, public pandemonium, school shooting, and workplace violence. Research indicates that the fate of people in an emergency situation involving one or more hazards depends not only on the design of the space (e.g., residential building, industrial facility, shopping mall, sports stadium, school, concert hall) in which the incident occurs, but also on a host of other factors including but not limited to (a) occupants' characteristics, (b) level of familiarity with and cognition of the surroundings, and (c) effectiveness of hazard intervention systems. In this paper, we present EVAQ, a simulation framework for modeling large crowd evacuation by taking into account occupants' behaviors and interactions during an emergency. In particular, human's personal (i.e., age, gender, disability) and interpersonal (i.e., group behavior and interactions) attributes are parameterized in a hazard-impacted environment. In addition, different hazard types (e.g., fire, lone wolf attacker) and propagation patterns, as well as intervention schemes (simulating building repellent systems, firefighters, law enforcement) are modeled. Next, the application of EVAQ to crowd egress planning in an airport terminal under human attack, and a shopping mall in fire emergency are presented and results are discussed. Finally, a validation test is performed using real world data from a past building fire incident to assess the reliability and integrity of EVAQ in comparison with existing evacuation modeling tools.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 2020

The main purpose of this current study was to identify the structural relationships between the variables of team attachment, location-based service, and future fan behaviors by utilizing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Among the 10 KBO franchises, SK Wyverns and KT Wiz were qualified to have their own smart applications programs and the relevant infrastructure at their home venues. Thus, a total of 500 surveys were collected from SK Wyverns and KT Wiz games during September of 2019 and a total of 448 were used for data analysis after deleting 52 surveys due to the missing data. According to the results of a structural equation modeling, 12 positive (+) causality out of 14 hypotheses were confirmed that there must be causal relationships among the variables of location-based service at the smart stadium, TAM, fan attachment, and future fan behavior. It is hoped that this study can be contributing to the foundational developments of marketing strategies by adopting the new technological advancement in the Korean sport industry in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.525-531
• /
• 2016

This study integrates the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) with GIS method to assess the soil erosion for national land cover map between 2007 and 2014. The land cover change map and C factors of USLE were applied to the estimation of spatial distribution of sediment yield. However, they generated distinct results because of differences in their applied methods and calculation processes of national land cover map. To generate the USLE model, C factors of MOE(Ministry of Environment) were compared with soil erosion of Inje stadium development area at the Naerin watershed in Gangwon province to 2014. The several thematic maps of research area such as land cover map, topographic and soil maps, together with tabular precipitation data used for soil erosion calculation. The land cover change were carried with level-2 and high level land cover map of MOE and estimated maximum double of soil erosion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 2016

This study examined the factors affecting the team identification of professional baseball fans. The factors were divided into the fan factor, game factors, and other factors. For the analysis, two investigators visited stadium three times in total and a total number of 297 spectators were sampled using a convenience sampling method from three baseball teams. For the fan factor, a fan who began supporting his/her team from childhood or after childhood was used as a dummy variable. The interaction effects between the fan factor and other variables were investigated to offer a stereoscopic understanding about the role of kids marketing. In addition, three game factors and four non-game factors were analyzed. The results regarding fan variable and interaction effects were obtained. Fans from their childhood have much stronger team identification, and show interaction effects with the players. Regression analysis revealed player, promotion and fan service, price, and regional connection to have positive relations with team identification. This study is especially meaningful in a sense that it has proposed positive results regarding marketing to children, and the results will contribute to both the academic field and the industry.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.457-467
• /
• 2016

Understanding professional baseball fans' expenditure is expected to provide fundamental marketing information that help increase each team's marketing profits and values and produce a better economic impact on its community. In this regard, this study employed a survey method with a total of 372 residents located in Changwon. A questionnaire included factors such as demographics, consumption patterns and perceived socio-psychic effect(PSE), all of which were derived from literature review. A binary logistic regression was modeled with a dichotomous dependent variable, expenditure(30,000 won more or less). The following were input in the model as the independent variables in order to see the relationships; gender, marriage, education, occupation, income, location, age, leisure type, distance, companion, transportation, interest, and PSE. The results of the logistic regression analysis are as follows. Overall, the model was statistically significant, χ²(21, N=372)=59.159, p=.000. Cox and Snell R² was reported as .147 and .200 respectively. So, the model accounted for between 14.7% and 20.0% of the variation in expenditure. Among the independent variables, income, location, companion, and PSE were found to be the significant factors to expenditure. For income, subjects with 2 million won less of income, compared to those with 4 million won more, were .38 times less likely to pay the money of 30,000 won more. For location, subjects in Masan, compared to those in Jinhae, were 3.49 times more likely to pay 30,000 won more. Subjects in Changwon, compared to those in Jinhae, were 3.05 times more likely to pay 30,000 won more. For companion, people visiting the stadium alone, compared to those with friends/colleague, were .36 times less likely to pay 30,000 won more. For PSE, the odds of 30,000 won more paid increased by 1.37 times with one-unit increase in PSE.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.42-52
• /
• 2008

This paper categorized the functions of and investigated the characteristics of planting in Pyeonghwa Park near the Seoul World Cup Stadium as a preliminary study for improving tree planting in the park. The functions of planting were deduced based on related theoretical studies and an analysis of the intention of design and environmental factors. The characteristics of planting were analyzed after drawing the distribution and stratification of dominant planting species and setting samples by function. The functions of planting were classified into natural landscape planting, buffer planting, and shade planting. For dominant planting species, pine trees and elm-like trees have been widely observed while various species in addition to pine trees in natural landscape planting areas have been introduced in terms of the function of planting. These trees that were randomly planted before the park was developed have been obstacles in the formation of natural landscapes. For buffer planting and topographical correction, tall trees were planted. However, it seems that comprehensive complementary measures should be taken on the under-story planting.