• 신재생에너지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2005

Optimal design and proper operation are important to get aimed output power of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. An air cooling fuel cell stack is widely used in sub kW PEMFC systems. The purpose of this study is to analyze operating conditions affecting the performance of the air cooling PEMFC which is designed for portable application. In portable applications, air cooling stack is difficult to maintain well balanced operating conditions. The importart parameters are the relative humidity, the temperature of the stack, the utilization of reactant gas and so on. in this study, a 500W air cooling PEMFC was fabricated and tested to evaluate the design performance and to determine optimal operating conditions. Moreover, basic modeling also is carried out. These results can be used 3s design criteria and optimal operating conditions for portable PEMFCs

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2023

This study performed the numerical analysis of the internal flow phenomena of 1 kWe-class solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks with internal manifold type and planar cells using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Star-CCM+. In particular, the locations where the turbulent phenomena occur inside the SOFC stack were investigated. In addition, the laminar flow model and the standard k-ε turbulent model were used to calculate the SOFC stack, separately. And, the calculation results of both laminar and turbulent models were compared. The calculation results showed that turbulent phenomena occurred mainly in the cathode flow. Especially, the turbulent phenomena were found in the cathode inlet/outlet region, and local turbulence occurred in the end plate near the inlet pipe.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2021

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are currently being used in various transport applications such as drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, and automobiles. The power required is different according to the type of use, purpose, and the conditions adjusted using a cell stack. The fuel cell stack is compressed to reduce the size and prevent fuel leakage. The unit cells that make up the cell stack are subjected to compression by clamping force, which makes geometrical changes in the porous media and it impacts on cell performance. In this study, finite elements method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for the deformed unit cell considering the effects of clamping force is performed. First, structural analysis using the FEM technique over the deformed gas diffusion layer (GDL) considering compression is carried out, and the resulting porosity changed in the GDL is calculated. The PEMFC model is then verified by a three-dimensional, two-phase fuel cell simulation applying the physical properties and geometry obtained before and after compression. The detailed simulation results showed different concentration distributions of fuel between the original and deformed geometry, resulting in the difference in the distribution of current density is represented at compressed GDL region with low oxygen concentration.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2024

In this study, a fuel cell with a single stack of 100 cm² was manufactured and a superconducting coil driving experiment was conducted. Fuel cell activation and performance evaluation were performed, and a method of applying current to a superconducting coil using a fuel cell was considered by controlling the flow rate of gas supplied to the fuel cell. A scenario was created using a specific program to change the amount of gas supplied to the fuel cell over time. As a result of analyzing the voltage and magnetic field of the superconducting coil according to the applied current, it was confirmed that the performance of fuel cell was almost the same with that of power supply.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2008

To obtain the data of the pressure loss and differential pressure at the inside of the stack that was composed of 126 cells with 7,500 cm2 electrode area, 75kW molten carbonate fuel cell system has been operated. Computational fluid dynamics was applied to estimate reactions and thermal fluid behavior inside of the stack that was adopted with internal manifold type separator. The pressure loss coefficient K showed 72.29 to 84.01 in anode and 6.34 to 8.75 in cathode at low part of cells at the inside of 75 kW MCFC stack respectively. Meanwhile, the pressure loss coefficient of the higher part of cells at the interior of the stack showed 15.36 and 56.44 in anode and cathode respectively. These results mean that there is no big total pressure difference between anode and cathode at the inner part of 75 kW MCFC stack. This result will be reflected in 250kW MCFC system design.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2015

낸드 플래시 기반의 SSD (Solid-State Drive)는 HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 대비 월등한 성능에도 불구하고 쓰기 회수 제한이라는 태생적 단점을 가지고 있다. 이로 인해 SSD의 수명은 워크로드에 의해 결정되어 SSD의 기술 변화 추세인 SLC (Single Level Cell) 에서 MLC (Multi Level Cell) 로의 전환, MLC에서 TLC (Triple Level Cell) 로의 전환에 있어 큰 도전이 될 수 있다. 기존 연구들은 주로 wear-leveling 또는 하드웨어 아키텍처 측면에서 SSD의 수명 개선을 다루었으나, 본 논문에서는 호스트가 요청한 쓰기에 대해 SSD가 낸드플래시 메모리를 통해 처리하는 수명관점의 효율성을 대변하는 WAF (Write Amplification Factor) 관점에서 Host I/O 스택 중 파일 시스템, I/O 스케줄러, 링크 전력에 대해 JEDEC 엔터프라이즈 워크로드를 이용해 I/O 스택 최적 구성에 대해 실험적 분석을 수행하였다. WAF는 SSD의 FTL의 효율성을 측정하는 지표로 수명관점에서 가장 객관적으로 사용한다. I/O 스택에 대한 수명 관점의 최적 구성은 MinPower-Dead-XFS로 최대 성능 조합인 MaxPower-Cfq-Ext4에 비해 성능은 13% 감소하였지만 수명은 2.6 배 연장됨을 확인하였다. 이는 I/O 스택의 최적화 구성에 있어, SSD 성능 관점뿐만 아니라 수명 관점의 고려에 대한 유의미를 입증한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2000

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system was developed. In order to enhance the performance of membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the transfer printing method of the electrocatalyst layer on membrane was developed. The $H_2/O_2$ single cell with an electrode area of $50cm^2$ was fabricated and tested using 20 wt.% Pt/C as an electrocatalyst and the commercial and hand-made MEA such as Nafion 115, Hanwha, Dow, Flemion T and Gore Select. The 100-cell PEMFC stack with an active electrode area of $300cm^2$ was designed and fabricated using 40 wt.% Pt/C and 30 wt.% Pt-Ru/C as a cathode and anode electrocatalysts, respectively. The performance of PEMFC system was obtained to be 7kW (250A at 28V) and 3.5kW (70A at 50V) at $80^{\circ}C$ by flowing $H_2/air$ and methanol reformed fuel gas/air, respectively.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.288-291
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• 2005

This paper is aimed at presenting a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack. The fuel cell electrical output voltage and current (V-I) characteristic is described for the first time by a simplified closed form suitable. The characteristics obtained from the simulation are compared with the experimental results on a Ballard commercial fuel cell stack as well as to the manufacturer given data.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

Crossover of nitrogen from cathode to anode is inevitable in typical membranes used in PEM fuel cells. This crossovered nitrogen normally accumulates in the hydrogen recirculation system at anode side channels. Excessive buildup of nitrogen in the anode side lowers the relative hydrogen concentration and finally affects the performance of fuel cell stack. So it is very important to analysis the nitrogen gas crossover at various operating conditions. In this study, characterization of nitrogen gas crossover in PEM fuel cell stack was investigated. The mass spectroscopy (MS) has been applied to measure the amount of the crossovered nitrogen gas at the anode exit. Results show that nitrogen gas crossover rate was affected by current density, anode and cathode stoichiometric ratio and operating pressure. Current density, anode stoichiometric ratio and anode operating pressure do not affect nitrogen crossover rate but anode exit concentration of nitrogen. Cathode pressure and stoichiometric ratio largely affect the nitrogen crossover rate.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.84-87
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• 2006

Lateral distributions of locally injected electrons and holes in an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) dielectric stack of two different silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory cells are evaluated by single-junction charge pumping technique. Spatial distribution of electrons injected by channel hot electron (CHE) for programming is limited to length of the ONO region in a locally ONO stacked cell, while is spread widely along with channel in a fully ONO stacked cell. Hot-holes generated by band-to-band tunneling for erasing are trapped into the oxide as well as the ONO stack in the locally ONO stacked cell.