• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.515-522
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 부식물 및 유기물로부터 분리 배양한 부착조류의 안정동위원소비 결과를 중심으로 분리된 부착조류의 안정동위원소비가 수질 대표성을 알아보기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 주변 농경지의 분포가 많으며, 부착조류 현존량이 높아질수록, 부착조류의 질소안정동위원소비는 증가하며, 탄소안정동위원소비는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 농경지 중심지역인 내린천 상류, 인북천 상류지역에서 질소안정동위원소비(${\delta}^{15}N$)가 임야 중심지역인 한계천 및 북천에서의 값보다 높았다. 탄소안정동위원소비(${\delta}^{13}C$)는 농경지에 의한 오염으로 부착조류의 현존량이 많은 내린천 상류와 인북천 상류지역보다 임야 중심의 청정한 한계천 및 북천으로 갈수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 이에 따라 부착조류의 안정동위원소비는 하천수질오염원 중요한 지표가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.533-539
• /
• 2017

뼈에서 추출된 탄소와 질소 안정동위원소 정보는 과거 사람들의 식생활, 영양상태, 생계경제와 고환경 등을 연구하는데 매우 중요한 자료이다. 본 연구에서는 6세기대 나주 영동리 고분군 제1호분 돌방무덤과 돌덧널무덤에서 출토된 옛사람 뼈 9개체에서 추출된 콜라겐의 안정동위원소 분석을 실시하였다. 탄소와 질소 안정동위원소 결과는 다음과 같다(${\delta}^{13}C=-19.5{\pm}0.7$‰, ${\delta}^{15}N=9.6{\pm}0.7$‰, (n=9)). 탄소 안정동위원소 분석 결과 나주 영동리 고분군 피장자 집단은 벼, 보리, 콩 등 $C_3$ 작물 위주의 섭취를 하였다고 추정되며, 질소 안정동위원소 값으로부터 동물성 단백질은 주로 육상 동물로부터 얻었다고 추정된다. 이 결과로부터 백제식 무덤 양식을 갖고 영산강유역 토착 세력의 매장 양식이 보이는 피장자 집단의 식생활 양상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.162-171
• /
• 2012

We investigated food webs of a $Salix$ $subfragilis$-dominated wetland in the Janghang wetland in the Hangang estuary, which is very close to the Demilitarized Zone, along the west coast of Korea. Our study focused on understanding sesarmine crab ($Sesarma$ $dehaani$)-related food webs in a $S.$ $subfragilis$ forest. For our study, we used carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and fatty acid biomarkers. We collected samples of plants, animals, and detrital sediment from four quadrats ($5{\times}5m^2$) set in the $S.$ $subfragilis$ community. Samples were collected from September 2006 to June 2009, except during the winter hibernation period of $S.$ $dehaani$. In the wet season, the sediment showed relatively high ${\delta}^{13}C$ and low ${\delta}^{15}N$ signatures compared with relatively low ${\delta}13C$ and high ${\delta}15N$ signatures in the dry season. Mature $S.$ $dehaani$ appeared to feed on fresh leaves and other carbon sources, such as immature individuals or fish, in addition to detrital sediment, which appeared to be the main carbon source for immature crabs. Principal component analysis of fatty acid biomarkers of $S.$ $dehaani$ showed a clear difference between immature individuals (10-30 mm) and mature ones (larger than 30 mm), indicating that the main food source for immature crabs was detrital sediment, whereas mature crabs foraged plants in addition to consuming detrital sediment. On the basis of our results from stable isotope and fatty acid analyses, mature $S.$ $dehaani$ appeared to feed on detrital sediment and fresh leaves of $S.$ $subfragilis$ in summer in addition to engaging in cannibalism of immature individuals.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.493-505
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 2019년 8월 한반도 주변해역(동해, 서해, 남해, 동중국해)에서 탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소 기법을 활용하여 하위영양 단계에서의 먹이망 구조를 파악하였다. 입자성 유기물(POM)의 δ¹³C 범위는 -26.18 ~ 20.61 ‰, δ¹⁵N 범위는 5.36 ~ 15.20 ‰의 넓은 범위를 보였다. POM과 각 생물별 개체군 사이의 δ¹³C 분별작용의 결과는 대부분 micro-POM을 섭식하는 것으로 확인하였으나 해역 간 차이를 보였다. 각 생물별 영양단계는 chaetognaths (3.40±0.61)가 가장 높은 영양단계에 있음을 확인하였다. 동위원소 혼합모델을 적용한 결과에서 chaetognaths의 먹이원으로 copepods (13 ~ 48 %)와 euphausiids (20 ~ 51 %)가 가장 높은 기여도를 나타냈다. 본 연구결과 각 해역별 먹이원의 제한적 공급 및 다양성의 차이가 먹이망 구조 및 각 생물별 동위원소 비에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제97권4호
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 2008

국내 산양삼과 인삼 종자의 형태적 형질과 안정성 동위원소를 비교하였다. 산양삼 10개 산지와 인삼 2개 산지에서 종자를 채집하여 종자의 길이, 폭, 두께, 그램당 립수를 측정하였으며, 탄소, 질소 안정성 동위원소비를 분석하였다. 산양삼 종자의 형태적 형질과 안정성 동위원소비는 지역간에 중복되는 변이를 나타냈다. 금산지역의 산양삼과 인삼을 비교한 결과, 산양삼 종자는 인삼과 비교하여 유의하게 크기가 작고 무게가 가벼웠으며, 질소 동위원소비는 산양삼 종자에서 낮았다. 유사한 지역 환경에서 산양삼과 인삼 종자는 형태적으로 구분할 수 있었고, 산양삼 종자의 질소 동위원소비는 경작 유형을 반영하였으나, 지역간 절대적 비교는 할 수 없었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.262-271
• /
• 2008

Natural abundances of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon (${\delta}^{15}N$ and ${\delta}^{13}C$) are being widely used to study N and C cycle processes in plant and soil systems. Variations in ${\delta}^{15}N$ of the soil and the plant reflect the potentially variable isotope signature of the external N sources and the isotope fractionation during the N cycle process. $N_2$ fixation and N fertilizer supply the nitrogen, whose ${\delta}^{15}N$ is close to 0%o, whereas the compost as. an organic input generally provides the nitrogen enriched in $^{15}N$ compared to the atmospheric $N_2$. The isotope fractionation during the N cycle process decreases the ${\delta}^{15}N$ of the substrate and increases the ${\delta}^{15}N$ of the product. N transformations such as N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, assimilation, and the $NH_3$ volatilization have a specific isotope fractionation factor (${\alpha}$) for each N process. Variation in the ${\delta}^{13}C$ of plants reflects the photosynthetic type of plant, which affects the isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ of C3 plant is significantly lower than, whereas the ${\delta}^{13}C$ of C4 plant is similar to that of the atmospheric $CO_2$. Variation in the isotope fractionation of carbon and nitrogen can be observed under different environmental conditions. The effect of environmental factors on the stomatal conductance and the carboxylation rate affects the carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. Changes in the environmental factors such as temperature and salt concentration affect the nitrogen isotope fractionation during the N cycle processes; however, the mechanism of variation in the nitrogen isotope fractionation has not been studied as much as that in the carbon isotope fractionation. Isotope fractionation factors of carbon and nitrogen could be the integrated factors for interpreting the effects of the environmental factors on plants and soils.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.279-284
• /
• 2009

In order to understand food sources-metabolism for the pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), the stable isotope ratios of carbon (${\delta}^{13}C$) and nitrogen (${\delta}^{15}N$) of its gut, gill, and muscle as well as potential food sources (particulate organic matter, sedimentary organic matter, benthic microalgae, seagrass detritus) were determined in Dongdae Bay. Average ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values reflect that oysters primarily fed on sedimentary organic matter as opposed to suspended organic matter during summer and winter seasons. However, the relatively enriched $^{15}N$ values of particulate organic matter (>$250{\mu}m$) and sedimentary organic matter in the summer may be due to the photosynthetic incorporation of $^{15}N$-enriched nitrogen (DIN) or the spawning events of bivalves. Specific oyster tissues (gut, gill, and muscle) revealed different metabolic pathways, which were determined through analysis of ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ in each organ. The present results suggest the determination of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to be a useful approach in ecological research related to the food sources- metabolism of Crassostrea gigas.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.259-273
• /
• 2021

We conducted a study to investigate the characteristics of the carbon cycle of two streams (located in Shig a Prefecture, Japan), having similar size, namely, the Adokawa stream (length: 52 km, area: 305 km², watershed population: 8,000) and the Yasukawa stream (length: 62 km, area: 380 km², watershed population: 120,000), but with different degree of human activity. Samples were collected from these two streams at 14 (Adokawa stream) and 23 (Yasukawa stream) stations in the flowing direction. The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and the stable carbon isotope ratio of DIC (δ¹³C-DIC) were measured in addition to the watershed features and the chemical variables of the stream water. The δ¹³C-DIC (-9.50 ± 2.54‰), DIC concentration (249 ± 76 µM), and electric conductivity (52 ± 13 µS/cm) in Adokawa stream showed small variations from upstream to downstream. However, the δ¹³C-DIC (-8.68 ± 2.3‰) upstream of Yasukawa stream was similar to that of Adokawa stream and decreased downstream (-12.13 ± 0.43‰). DIC concentration (upstream: 272 ± 89 µM, downstream: 690 ± 37 µM) and electric conductivity (upstream: 69 ± 17 µS/cm, downstream: 193 ± 37 µS/cm) were higher downstream than upstream of Yasukawa stream. The DIC concentration of Yasukawa stream was significantly correlated with watershed environmental variables, such as, watershed population density (r = 0.8581, p<0.0001, n = 23), and forest area percentage of the watershed (r = -0.9188, p<0.0001, n = 23). δ¹³C-DIC showed significant negative correlation with the DIC concentration (r = -0.7734, p<0.0001, n = 23), electric conductivity (r = -0.5396, p = 0.0079, n = 23), and watershed population density (r = -0.6836, p = 0.0003, n = 23). Our approach using a stable carbon isotope ratio suggests that DIC concentration and δ¹³C-DIC could be used as indicators for monitoring the health of stream ecosystems with different watershed characteristics.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.392-404
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study measured and analyzed the concentrations of crystalline silica, elemental carbon and the contribution ratio of pollutants which influence environmental and respiratory disease around the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex in Daegu, Korea. Methods: We analyzed the crystalline silica and elemental carbon in the air according to FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and NIOSH(National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health) method 5040, respectively. In addition, lead stable isotopes, and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were analyzed using MC-ICP/MS(Multi Collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometer), and IRMS(Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer), respectively. Results: The concentration of crystalline silica in the direct exposure area around the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex was found to be $0.0014{\pm}0.0005mg/Sm^3$, but not to exceed the exposure standards of the ACGIH(American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). In the case of the autumn, the direct exposure area was found to show a level 2.5 times higher than the reference area, and on the whole, the direct exposure area was found to have a level 1.4 times higher than the reference area. The concentration of elemental carbon in the direct exposure area and in the reference area were found to be $0.0014{\pm}0.0006mg/Sm^3$, and $0.0006{\pm}0.0003mg/Sm^3$, respectively. This study confirmed the contribution ratio of coal raw materials to residentially deposited dusts in the area within 500 meters from the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and the surrounding area with a stable isotope ratio of 24.0%(0.7-62.7%) on average in the case of carbon and nitrogen, and 33.9%(26.6-54.1%) on average in the case of lead stable isotopes. Conclusions: This study was able to confirm correlations with coal raw materials used by the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and the surrounding area. The concentration of some pollutants, crystalline silica, and elemental carbon emitted to the direct-influence area around the Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were relatively higher than in the reference area. Therefore, we need to impose continuous and substantive reduction countermeasures in the future to prevent particulate matter and coal raw materials in the study area. It is time for the local government and authorities to prepare active administrative methods such as the relocation of Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권8호
• /
• pp.1152-1158
• /
• 2016

Morphological and physiological alterations occur in the digestive system of weanling piglets, compromising the performance in subsequent phases. This experiment aimed at verifying the influence of glutamine, glutamate and nucleotides on the carbon turnover in the pancreas and liver of piglets weaned at 21 days of age. Four diets were evaluated: glutamine, glutamic acid or nucleotides-free diet (CD); containing 1% glutamine (GD); containing 1% glutamic acid (GAD) and containing 1% nucleotides (ND). One hundred and twenty-three piglets were utilized with three pigs slaughtered at day zero (weaning day) and three at each one of the experimental days (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 20, 27, and 49 post-weaning), in order to collect organ samples, which were analyzed for the ${\delta}^{13}C$ isotopic composition and compared by means of time. No differences were found (p>0.05) among treatments for the turnover of the $^{13}C$ in the pancreas ($T_{50%}$ = 13.91, 14.37, 11.07, and 9.34 days; $T_{95%}$ = 46.22, 47.73, 36.79, and 31.04 days for CD, GD, GAD, and ND, respectively). In the liver, the ND presented accelerated values of carbon turnover ($T_{50%}=7.36$ and $T_{95%}=24.47days$) in relation to the values obtained for the GD ($T_{50%}=10.15$ and $T_{95%}=33.74days$). However, the values obtained for the CD ($T_{50%}=9.12$ and $T_{95%}=30.31days$) and GAD ($T_{50%}=7.83$ and $T_{95%}=26.03days$) had no differences (p>0.05) among other diets. The technique of $^{13}C$ isotopic dilution demonstrated trophic action of nucleotides in the liver.