• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2008

Anti-enterovirus 71 (EV 71) activities of fifteen herb plant species extracts were examined by SRB assay, among which Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis (Anna Rosemary) extracts exhibited the activities with $IC_{50}$ of 8.28 and $8.17\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Their 50% cytotoxicity concentrations ($CC_{50}$) were 691.89 and $1104.19\;{\mu}g/mL$, and the therapeutic indices were 83.56 and 135.15, respectively. Amantadine (positive control) showed anti-EV 71 activity with 50% inhibitory concentration and $CC_{50}$ of 4.46 and $145.22\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Addition of the methanol extracts of O. vulgare and R. officinalis (Anna Rosemary) in EV 71-infected Vero cells strongly inhibited the formation of visible cytopathic effects without changing the normal morphology of the cells. These results indicate that methanol extracts of O. vulgare and R. officinalis (Anna Rosemary) may contain antiviral compound inhibiting the EV 71 replication.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 1998

The antimutagenic and cancer cell growth inhibitory effects of woorimil contained herb and seaweed powders were examined. While woorimil itself showed only 40% antimutagenic effect on S. typhymurium TA98 against 4NQO(0.15 g/plate), water extracts of mountain herbs and seweeds including Comfrey, wormwood, Kale, Angelica utilis and pine leaves showed 80~90% antimutagenicity. On the other hand, these extracts along with woorimil showed 68 to 80% antimutagenic activities. Low antimutagenic activities of less than 50% were shown when these extracts were tested on TA98 against Trp P 1(0.5 g/plate), but high antimutagenic activities of 80~93.3% were shown on TA100. Water extracts of Capsella bursa pastoris and Allium grayi exhibited 60~80% of the activites in cytotoxicity tests of woorimil water extracts(0.5mg/ml) on human lung carcinoma cell. A549 showed 10% cell growth inhibitory effect. When mixed with Comfrey and Angelica utilis extracts, it showed 23~25% inhibition and other extracts showed only 12~23% inhibition. Cytotoxicity test of woorimil extracts on human liver cancer cell Hep3B revealed 20% inhibition. The additions of pine needle extracts, Angelica utilis and Comfrey showed 33%, 29% and 25% inhibition, respectively. But other extracts showed only 20% inhibition.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권2호통권149호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2007

Seven phenolic compounds, scopoletin (1), caffeic acid methyl ester (2), apigenin 7-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnosyl-(1${\rightarrow}$6)-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucoside (3), isorhamnetin 7-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucoside (4), isorhamnetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucoside (5), luteolin (6), and quercetin 3-methyl ether (7) were isolated from the methanol extract of the flowers of S. excelsus. Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines in vitro using a SRB method. The compounds 4 and 7 showed moderate cytotoxicity with ED$_{50}$ values ranging from 1.59 to 13.14${\mu}$g/ml.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 1999

The effect of herbal medicine on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion $(MPP^+)$ and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mediated neurotoxicity was studied in the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC12. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that herbal medicine can protect cells from neurotoxiciy caused by $MPP^+$ and 6-OHDA. Exposure of PC12 cells to 0.2 mM $MPP^+$ and $50\;{\mu}M$ 6-OHDA for 24h resulted in a 50% cell death with respect to the control cells. $MPP^+$ induced cell death was reduced by Yollyounggobondan (延齡固本丹), Sagunjatang (四君子湯), Palmihwan (八味丸), and Palmultang (八物湯)(P<0.05). However, herbal medicines did not protect cells from degeneration caused by the 6-OHDA. Yollyounggobondan, Yungmijihwangwon (六味地黃元), Palmihwan, and Samultang (四物湯) were effective in protecting against $MPP^+$-induced ATP loss in PC12 cells (P<0.05). Yollyounggobondan and Palmultang were effect in neurite protection against 6-OHDA treatment in differentiated PC12 cells with NGF.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권4호통권127호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2001

The extract and fractions of Rumex acetosa (Polygonaceae), a Korean medicinal plant, were examined for their cytotoxicities against five cultured human tumor cell lines, i.e. A549 (non-small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCY15 (colon), using the SRB (sulforhodamine-B) method in vitro and antimutagenic activities by Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 and SOS chromotest with E. coli PQ37. Among the tested samples, the methylene chloride fraction strongly inhibited the proliferation of each examined tumor cell line with $IC_{50}$ values ranged from 13.2 to $18.7\;{\mu}g/ml$ and showed potent antimutagenic activities with 96.1% and 96.7% at the concentration of 1 mg/plate against the mutagens, NPD and sodium azide, respectively. Its antigenotoxic activity was also very effective at the final concentration of $10\;{\mu}g/reaction$ tube against the mutagens, MNNG and NQO by SOS chromotest.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2009

Phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Bistorta manshuriensis resulted in the isolation of two cerebrosides, two lactams, six phenolic compounds and seven flavonoids. Their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods to be pinelloside (1), soyacerebroside I (2), pterolactam (3), 5-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-one (4), vanillic acid (5), caffeic acid methyl ester (6), protocatechuic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (9), chlorogenic acid methyl ester (10), avicularin (11), afzelin (12), quercetin (13), isoorientin (14), quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (15), quercitrin (16), and luteolin (17). The isolated compounds (1 - 4, 7, 12, 14) were isolated for the first time from this plant source and the compounds 1 - 4, 9 and 10 were first reported from the genus Bistorta. Compound 17 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity and compound 6 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines in vitro using an SRB bioassay.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.983-998
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• 2016

Structural optimization is one of the most important topics in structural engineering and has a wide range of applicability. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to apply the Lagrange Multiplier Method (LMM) for minimum cost design of singly and doubly reinforced rectangular concrete beams. Concrete and steel material costs are used as objective cost function to be minimized in this study, and ultimate flexural strength of the beam is considered to be as the main constraint. The ultimate limit state method with partial material strength factors and equivalent concrete stress block is used to derive general relations for flexural strength of RC beam and empirical coefficients are taken from topic 9 of the Iranian National Building Regulation (INBR9). Optimum designs are obtained by using the LMM and are presented in closed form solutions. Graphical representation of solutions are presented and it is shown that proposed design curves can be used for minimum cost design of the beams without prior knowledge of optimization and without the need for iterative trials. The applicability of the proposed relations and curves are demonstrated through two real life examples of SRB and DRB design situations and it is shown that the minimum cost design is actually reached using proposed method.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2001

Background: Sodium salicylate (SS) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of neuralgia or pain from rheumatoid arthritis. When abused or used in excess, SS can induce cytotoxicity. The present study examined whether SS has a neurotoxic effect. Methods: Cell viability was examined by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-dipheny ltetrazolium bromide] assay and Sulforhodamine (SRB) assay after cultivating dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons derived from neonatal mouse. These cells were treated with various concentrations of SS for 24 hours. In addition, the amount of protein synthesis against SS was measured in these cultures. Results: Cell viability (20, $40{\mu}g/ml$ SS) significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, SS inhibited protein synthesis after the exposure of cultured mouse DRG neurons to $30{\mu}g/ml$ of SS for 24 hours. Conclusions: The present study suggests that SS is toxic in cultured DRG neurons derived from neonatal mouse by decreasing cell viability and the amount of protein synthesis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.483-489
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• 1997

Sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, RNA dot blot and Northern hybridization analysis were performed to screen microorganisms for the production of anticancer agent. Among microorganisms tested, strain YP-1 was selected for its cytotoxicity and ability to reduce the level of c-myc RNA. Strain YP-1 was identified as Streptomyces endus. The anticancer material produced by Streptomyces endus YP-1 was sequentially purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatograpby, preparative TLC and preparative HPLC. The cancer material identified as azalomycin B by the instrumental analyses such as $^{1}$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR, Mass, IR and UV absorption. It was colorless amorphous powder and its molecular weight was 1025.278. Azalomycin B, produced by Streptomyces endus YP-1, showed anticancer activity against several human cancer cell lines and reduction of c-Myc protein level in Colo320 DM cells which was determined by Western blot analysis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.757-761
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• 2006

Six protoberberine alkaloids were isolated from the chloroform layer of the rhizome of Coptis japonica Makino (Ranunculaceae). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined to be 6-([1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline-5-carbonyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (1), oxyberberine (2), 8-oxo-epiberberine (3), 8-oxocoptisine (4), berberine (5) and palmatine (6) by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The compound 3 (8-oxo-epiberberine) was first isolated from natural sources. The compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against five tumor cell lines in vitro by SRB method, and also tested for the MDR reversal activities. Compound 4 was of significant P-gp MDR inhibition activity with ED50 value $0.018\;{\mu}g/mL$ in MES-SA/DX5 cell and $0.0005\;{\mu}g/mL$ in HCT15 cell, respectively.