• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1998

This study was carried out to find deodorization effect of swine-slurry by addition of phototrophic bacteria(PTB). The pilot-scale reactors operation conditions was designed by the inoculum amounts of PTB and light-conditions. Treatment conditions was divided into 3 types; 106 MPN/ml$.$Dark(T-1), 108 MPN/ml$.$Dark(T-2), 108 MPN/ml$.$Natural light(T-3). The changes of the concentration of volatile fatty acids(VFAs), hydrogen sulfide(H2S), ammonia (NH3) and odor intensity were analyzed during the treatment period(35 days). From results of this study, the maximum intensity of odor in the headspace of the reactor T-1 was 4.82 and T-2, T-3 was 2.63, respectively. In swine-slurry of reactors used, it almost took 10 days until to be stabilized with solid and liquid phase. Intensity of odor in headspace was mainly derived from the liquid phase. The PTB inoculum method to swine-slurry was very effective in reduction of VFAs, H2S and Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) concentration. Expecially, It was interested in reverse growth behaviour of SRB and PTB in these conditions.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 2009

The antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of ethanol and water extracts from Rubus coreanum were investigated in this study. Their antimutagenic activities were measured by the Ames test and their cytotoxic activities were evaluated by the growth inhibition of cancer cells via the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. In the results, the inhibition rates of the ethanol and water extracts toward mutagenicity induced by 4-NQO were 95.0% and 93.6% at 5 mg/plate, respectively, while their inhibition rates against mutagenicity induced by sodium azide were 27.2% and 40.8%, respectively. According to MTT assay, the cytotoxicity values of the ethanol extract against Hep3B and HeLa cells were 67.2% and 68.5%, respectively, and the values for the water extract were 65.8% and 66.4%, respectively. In the SRB assay, the ethanol and water extracts inhibited over 60% of cancer cell growth. In conclusion, both the ethanol and water extracts of Rubus coreanum offer potentially good antimutagenic and anticancer effects.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.569-577
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• 2012

The physicochemical characteristics and biological activities, including antioxidant activity, antimutagenicity, and cytotoxicity of hot-water extract of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, were investigated in this study. Hot-water extract of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus contained carbohydrate (7.86%), protein (10.91%), and ${\beta}$-glucan (3.62%). Water solubility of hot-water extract was 42.58%. Antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated by ABTS assay and FRAP assay. The $IC_{50}$ value was 312.21 ${\mu}g/mL$ in ABTS assay. Antimutagenic activity of the extract was evaluated by Ames test. Antimutagenicity of hot-water extract (5 mg/mL) on Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 mutagenated by sodium azide (0.15 ${\mu}g/mg$) was 69.2%. Cytotoxicity of hot-water extract was also evaluated by MTT and SRB assay. The cytotoxicity was highest (83.95%) on Hep3B treated with 2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$ of hot-water extract in SRB assay. Therefore, it is suggested that hot-water extract of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus has high antioxidant activity, antimutagenicity, and cytotoxicity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the antitoxic component in ethanol extract of Saururus chinesis (S. chinesis). The results were as follows: Generally, detoxication effects by s. chinesis extract increased in proportion to the extract concentration. non 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g dosage of S. chinesis extract was administered, it showed the highest antitoxic effects in metallothionein induction. After the extract treatment, body weights generally increased In proportion to the extract concentrations. from the above results, S. chinesis extract Increased Metallothionein concentration and decreased the toxicity of cadmium In rats. In vitro the antitoxic activity of ethanol extract of S. chinesis on NIH3T3 fibroblasts was evaluated by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) and SRB (sulforhodamine B protein) assays. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of the treeated cells. $10^{-2}$mg/ml Concentrations of S. chinesis extract was shown significant antitoxic activity. The number of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were increased and tend to regenerate. These result suggest that S. chinesis extract retains a potential antitoxic activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.607-612
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• 1998

In the course of our search for anti-Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV 1) substances from natural sources, we screened crude drugs for their antiviral activity using SRB assay. T he methanol extract from herb of Brassica rapa (Cruciferae) was found to inhibit HSV-1. Though bioassay-directed fractionation of the extract, anti-HSV-1 agent was isolated by chromatographic separation using Amberlite XAD-4 and Sephadex LH-20. The structure of compound I was elucidated by spectral means including $^1H-^1H$ COSY, HMQC and HMBC to be isorhamnetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound I). Compound I was active against HSV-1 with the 50% effective concentration of O.42mg/ml and the 50% cytotoxicity of 5.0mg/ml.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 1994

The limonoid compound (28-deacetyl sendanin0 isolated from the fruit of Melia toosendan SIEB. et ZUCC. was evaluated on anticancer activity. According to a standard in vitro cytotoxicity assy, eight human cancer cell lines and SRB assay were introduced for present evaluation. As a positive standard, adriamycin was tested in parallel. The cell lines were originated from six different organs. In view of dose-response profiles to 28-deacetyl sendanin, the most sensitive cells were SF-539 and PC-3 which were derived from CNS and prostate, respecitively. In contrast, all the cell lines responded similarly to adriamycin to give rise to nearly indentical six cell lines were more sensitive to 28-deacetyl sendanin and two were more resistant. As a result, 28-deacetyl sendanin had more senstive and selective inhibitory effects on in vitro growth of human cancer cell lines in a comparison with adriamycin.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.358-367
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• 1998

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects of the various aqua-aqupunctures of Hwanggum(Scutellariae Radix) on the proliferation of 3T3-Ll cells. They were tested by means of Sulforhodamin B(SRB) assay. The results were summerized as follows: All tested aqua-aqupunctures inhibited the proliferation of preadipose 3T3-Ll cells. In case of the dilution of Hwanggum aqua-aqupuncture(HG), the results were quite opposite. In 1000 times dilution of HG(${\times}1000$), a low concentration increased the proliferation of preadipose 3T3-Ll cells, but the high($100{\mu}l\;and\;200{\mu}l$) concentration inhibited it. These results suggest that Hwanggum aqua-aqupunctures may be used on the obesity induced by the overgrowth of preadipose 3T3-Ll cells.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.418-426
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• 2016

Studies have been conducted on fermentation products known to increase biological activity through bioconversion of mycelium. In this study, ethanol extract of waxy sorghum (WS) and ethanol extract of waxy sorghum fermented with Phellinus linteus mycelium (WSPM) were prepared, and functional component contents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity were analyzed. Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of WSPM were higher than those of WS. In addition, the ${\beta}-glucan$ content of WS was higher than that of WSPM. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed that WSPM had higher antioxidant activity than WS at all concentrations. Analysis of SOD-like activity also showed higher antioxidant activity in WSPM. MTT assay demonstrated that WSPM exhibited high inhibitory activity in all cancer cells, and in particular, in HeLa cells with the highest inhibition. A concentration-dependent increase in anticancer activities of WS and WSPM was detected in all cancer cells, which was identical to the SRB assay result. MTT and SRB assay showed the increased cytotoxicity of WSPM in cancer cells. Therefore, it is expected that WSPM can be used as a functional food material.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.449-454
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• 2000

In search for plant-derived cytotoxic compounds, it was found that the $CHCl_3$ and EtOAC extracts obtained from the flowers of Paulownia coreana Uyeki (Scrophulariaceae) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines, A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15. Activity-guided fractionation on the basis of the inhibitory activity against the growth of human tumor cell lines, in vitro, and repeated column chromatography afforded several cytotoxic compounds from P. coreana. The structures and stereochemistry of these compounds were established, on the basis of analysis of spectra including IR, UV, EI-MS, $^{1}H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$ and some chemical transformations, as Compound PCCl $(2-hydroxy-4(15),11(13)-eudesmadien-8{\beta},12-olide)$, Compound $PCC2(2,3-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1(15),11(13)-xanthadien-8{\beta},12-olide)$, Compound PCE1 (chrysophanol), Compound PCE2 (emodin), Compound PCE3 (physcion). Cytotoxic activity of compounds obtained from P. coreana. on five tumor cells lines was evaluated by procedure of SRB methods.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.432-439
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• 2000

This study was condo더ed to investigate the antitoxic component in aqueous extract of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$. The results were as follows: Generally, detoxification effects by Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract increased in proportion to the extract concentrations in rats. When 40 mBtg dosage of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract was administrated, Houttynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract showed the highest antitoxic effects in metallothionein induction. After the extract treatment, body weights increased in proportion to the extract concentrations. However, after 3 weeks, the body weight decreased insignificantly. From the above results, Houttuynia cordate $T_{HUNB}$ extract increased metallothionein concentration and decreased the toxicity of cadmium in rats. In vitro the antitoxic activity of aqueous extract of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ on NIH 373 fibroblasts was evaluated by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetra-zoliumbromide) and SRB (sulforhodamine B protein) assays. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of the treated cells. These results were obtained as follows; The concentration of 10$^{-2}$ mg/ml of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract was shown significant antitoxic activity The number of NIH 373 fibroblasts were increased and tend to regenerate. These results suggest that Houttuynia cordata THUNB extract retains a potential antitoxic activity.oxic activity.