• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.73-77
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• 2010

The study investigated the actual conditions of U.S. nursing-home facilities and Korean nursing homes and conducted a comparative analysis of those nursing facilities to propose the following suggestions for facility improvement: 1.) The number of sickbeds per nursing unit in Korea should be maintained a level of more than 30 beds like the United States, and each rest room in a residential facility should have an area of at least 4.2 square meters. 2.) Each room of a nursing home should be occupied by four or less persons for privacy. 3,) The minimum areas of residential rooms should be larger than 9.2 sq. meters for single rooms and 6.1 sq. meters for quadruple rooms. 4.) Nursing homes for the elderly need to improve rest room spaces and interior fishes to prevent them from falling down and getting hurt and thus help them live safely.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.865-873
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• 2009

Goodman([3]) presented the question of finding a best possible upper bound of the form $t(G)\;+\;t(G^c)$, where t(G) denote the number of triangles in given graph G. In this, the form of squares of degrees is appeared and many researches have been pursued as an application related to this. Here, we would like to deal with corollary related to the results of Nikiforov([6]).

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2005

Incorrections between model and plant are parameter, system order uncertainties and modeling error due to disturbance like friction. Therefore to achieve a good tracking performance, adaptive discrete time sliding mode tracking controller is used under time-varying desired position. Based on the diophantine equation, a new discrete time sliding function is defined and utilized for the control law. Robustness is increased by using both a recursive least-square method and a sliding function-based nonlinear feedback. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is proved by the results of simulation and experiment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1879-1886
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• 2001

n a enclosed square cavity occurred B nard convection, the flow phenomena in the surrounding of the bubble attached at the upper cooled solid wall were studied by using a thermo-sensitive liquid-crystal tracer and image processing techniques. This method offers the advantage of measuring the entire flow field in a selected plane within the fluid at a given instant of time in contrast to point by point method like T/C. Quantitative data of the temperature were obtained by applying a colour-image-processing to the visualized image. As the flowing in a bubble, In a bubble size appears the flow phenomena which the direction of flow is reversed in the entire temperature and flow field. The observed phenomena are described with regard to the thermocapillary convection.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.554-562
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• 1999

In this paper, the stress and strain behavior in near homogeneous isotropic matrix of metal like steel was studied during roll forming of thin steel sheet for cylindrical pipe. Analytical result reveals a body which is on the area of square thickness along and perpendicular to the width of thin steel sheet is in the state of plane strain during roll forming. As a result, construction of analytical method for calculating deformation load and stably deformed length along the width of strained steel sheet was established. Also, loads applied during roll forming were analyzed using two typical thin steel sheets. 12.3mm thick steel sheet with 42.5kg/㎟ yield strength of pipe and 5.3mm thick steel sheet with 32.5kg/㎟ yield strength of pipe. Through this analysis, applicability of the analytical method for deformation load during roll forming of cylindrical thin steel pipe was evaluated with a study of necessary production technology for roll forming and design technology for roll forming machine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.1029-1032
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• 2002

This paper describes a design of a tactile sensor, which can measure three components force and temperature due to thermal conductive. The bio-mimetic tactile sensor, alternative to human's finger, is comprised of four micro force sensors and four thermal sensors, and its size being 10mm$\times$10mm. Each micro force sensor has a square membrane, and its force range is 0.1N - 5N in the three-axis directions. On the other hand, the thermal sensor for temperature measurement has a heater and four temperature sensor elements. The thermal sensor is designed to keep the temperature. $36.5^{\circ}C$, constant, like human skin, and measure the temperature $0^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$. The MEMS technology is applied to fabricate the sensing element of the tactile sensor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.258-261
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• 2002

In this study, micro tools(WC) to produce micro-structure and parts, were fabricated ell a cylindrical grinding machine using ELID(Electrolytic In-process Dressing) technique. The shape of the micro-carbide tool was square, corn. The size of the micro-carbide tool was measured less than 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ respectively by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope). Furthermore, we fabricated micro structure by different processing methods on the desk top cylindrical grinding machine. The manufactured shape was like a tower and the measurement showed that the endpoint of micro structure was $50{\times}50$$\mu{\textrm}{m}$.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.218-221
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• 2007

The surface mounting technology of 0402 electric chip part is necessary to fabricate a high density and multi-functional module, but there is a limitation of the technology, like as a bridge and self-alignement. This work estimated SMT processing factors of 0402 chip. To obtain optimum SMT process, we evaluated effects of stencil thickness, shape of hole on printability and mountability. Printability shows best results under the thickness of $80{mu}m$ with circle hole shape and 90% square hole shape. In case of chip mounting process, chip mis-alignment and bridge was occurred rarely in same conditions. In more thin stencil thickness, $50{mu}m$, strength of 1005 chip parts was poor, because of amount of printed solder was insufficient.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.5365-5380
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• 2016

Estimation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is an important problem in wireless communication systems. It has been studied for various constellation types and channels using different estimation techniques. Maximum likelihood estimation is a technique which provides efficient and in most cases unbiased estimators. In this paper, we have applied maximum likelihood estimation for systems employing square or cross QAM signals which are undergoing slow flat Rayleigh fading. The problem has been considered under various scenarios like data-aided (DA), non-data-aided (NDA) and partially data-aided (PDA) and the performance of each type of estimator has been evaluated and compared. It has been observed that the performance of DA estimator is best due to usage of pilot symbols, with the drawback of greater bandwidth consumption. However, this can be catered for by using partially data-aided estimators whose performance is better than NDA systems with some extra bandwidth requirement.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.133-144
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to classify women's face types by visual distinction and to analyze the measurement of face types. A survey was conducted by subjects of 167 women's college students in Kwangju City and Chonnam area. Data were analyzed by Frequencies, Mean, one way ANOVA and Ducan's Multiple Range Test. The major results were as followed ; ·Women's face types were classified by 7 types and there were oblong shape(28.3%), egg shape(25.7%), round shape(23.9%), square shape(12.4%), inverted triangle shape(5.3%), diamond shape(3.5%), triangle shape(0.8%) in the subjects. ·From the measurements of the women's face, index of face length to face breadth was 1.38, it means that the index was different from the other refferences. And the lower face length was longer than the upper and the middle face lengths. ·Differences From those measurements like forehead breadth, face length/bizigion breath(p〈.001), bizigion breadth, bignathion slopper, stature(p〈.01) and trichion breadth, tragion-menton length(p〈.05) were significant in the classified face types.