• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze City squares in Europe according to Biophilic Design elements to apply domestic Indoor Squares in Mixed-use building for relaxation. This study seeks to present a direction for designing an indoor square that uses the aspects of European city square. The following details consist the purpose of the study. First, Perspective from the Biophilic design and analyzing criteria of Europe city square. Second, European city square is analyzed to establish the criteria to be applied to indoor square. Third, based on European city square analysis, the planning direction for domestic indoor square is suggested. This result of paper proceeds as follows. First, it describes the analysis of the Indoor Squares of the domestic Mixed-use building. The results were derived of the fact that not applying the water elements and Facade greening. Second, In Europe Square, It is accounted for the highest proportion (33%) of the spaciousness. Third, Through a comparative analysis domestic indoor square was derived that the higher the need to improve the spaciousness and botanical motif. It is the ultimate goal of this study based on the analysis of the city square to set the criteria for the biophilic design of the indoor square to present the orientation of the indoor square.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2012

Owing to generalization of design competitions since 1990s, various design methods was tried in elementary middle high school design competitions. Therefore, to analyze design characteristics of elementary middle high school is very meaningful. In this context, this study is the most important purpose for analyzing layout plans and their trends in prizewinners of elementary middle high school design competitions and for furnishing basic datum for next school design. The result of this study is following : (1) The layout patterns of school buildings are classified into 12 types. (2) Entrance design is divided into 6 types(structure, column and wall, open, half structure, general, and mixed type). (3) Square design is grouped into 7 types. (4) Pedestrian mall is sorted out 6 types(straight lineal, curve, curve and square, straight lineal and curve, and straight lineal and curve and square type). (5) Entrance types of vehicle and pedestrian are classified into 4 types(parallel, ㅡ separation, ㄱ separation, and opposite separation type) Analysis shows that the best applying for layout patterns of school buildings is ㄷ type and ㅌ type, for entrance design is structure type, for square design is ${\square}$ type and ${\bigcirc}$ type, for pedestrian mall is straight lineal and square type, and for entrance types of vehicle and pedestrian is parallel type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1999.03b
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• pp.280-283
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• 1999

Square dies are widely used for hot extrusion processes with high production rate. However the design and manufacture of square dies mainly relies on experience of industrial engineers To overcome such difficulty this study develops a method of automatic generation of NC-codes for the manufacture of extrusion square dies. The result shows that the method can reduce the lead time for the design and manufacture of square dies as well as eliminating engineers ow experience.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2000

Square dies are widely used for hot extrusion processes with high production rate, however, the design and manufacture of square dies mainly relies on experience of industrial engineers. To overcome such difficulty, this study presents a method of automatic generation of NC-codes for the manufacture of extrusion square dies. The result shows that the method can reduce the lead-time for the design and manufacture of square dies.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate harmonious color schemes based on a length proportion of upper and lower parts of a body by; understanding of the harmonious length proportion of a square measure of a color in color coordination of fashion design, and presenting a mutual relation of the length proportion of a square measure of a color according to the various way of color schemes and proportions. For this study, monochromatic scheme, analogous scheme and complementary scheme were adapted as the color schemes, and each color scheme was coordinated by analogous tone and contrast tone. Also, 1:1 symmetry proportion, 1:2 harmonic proportion, 1:1.618 golden section, 1:3 and 1:5 contrast proportion were used as the square measure of a color. For the survey, 12 sets of color sample were organized. The survey was conducted 182 of university students majored in fashion design, and 143 responded samples were analyzed using SPSS 12. The result of the study is as follows: 1:5 contrast proportion is most inharmonious in general, and 1:1 symmetry proportion is followed. It is thought that too much or same length of the square measure of colors has less attractive effect of coloring. On the other hand, 1:1.618 golden section and 1:2 harmonic proportion are accepted to be harmonious in all color schemes. The length proportion of the square measure of a color had more influence on harmony of color coordination in fashion design rather than color schemes. Though, on the assumption that people have a similar perception about the color image of fashion design, it will play an important role in strengthening or diminution of color in cloth if the coloring effect of the length proportion of the square measure of a color is used in fashion design and wearing of clothes.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

The frontal crash optimization of an engine room member using the response surface method was studied. The engine room member is composed of the front side member and the sub-frame. The thicknesses of the panels on the front side member and the sub-frame were selected as the design variables. The purpose of the optimization was to reduce the weight of the structure, under the constraint that the objective quantity of crash energy is absorbed. The response surface method was used to approximate the crash behavior in mathematical form for optimization procedure. To research the effect of the regression method, two different methodologies were used in constructing the response surface model, the least square method and the moving least square method. The optimum with the two methods was verified by the simulation result. The precision of the surrogate model affected the optimal design. The moving least square method showed better approximation than the least square method. In addition to the deterministic optimization, the reliability-based design optimization using the response surface method was executed to examine the effect of uncertainties in design variables. The requirement for reliability made the optimal structure be heavier than the result of the deterministic optimization. Compared with the deterministic optimum, the optimal design using the reliability-based design optimization showed higher crash energy absorption and little probability of failure in achieving the objective.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2016

Traditional acceptance sampling plans have focused on the proportion of nonconforming items as an attribute criterion for quality. In today's modern quality management under high quality production environments, the reduction of the deviation from a target value in a quality characteristic has become the most important purpose. In consequence, various inspection plans for the purpose of reducing the deviation from the target value in the quality characteristic have been investigated. In this case, a concept of the quality loss evaluated by the deviation from the target value has been accepted as the variable evaluation criterion of quality. Further, some quality measures based on the quality loss have been devised; e.g. the process loss and the process capability index. Then, as one of inspection plans based on the quality loss, the rigorous design procedure for the variable sampling plan having desired operating characteristics (VS-OC plan) indexed by the quality loss has been proposed by Yen and Chang in 2009. By the way, since the estimator of the quality loss obeys the non-central chi-square distribution, the rigorous design procedure for the VS-OC plan indexed by the quality loss is complicated. In particular, the rigorous design procedure for the VS-OC plan requires a large number of the repetitive and complicated numerical calculation about the non-central chi-square distribution. On the other hand, an approximate design procedure for the VS-OC plan has been proposed before the proposal of the above rigorous design procedure. The approximate design procedure for the VS-OC plan has been constructed by combining Patnaik approximation relating the non-central chi-square distribution to the central chi-square distribution and Wilson-Hilferty approximation relating the central chi-square distribution to the standard normal distribution. Then, the approximate design procedure has been devised as a convenient procedure without complicated and repetitive numerical calculations. In this study, through some comparisons between the rigorous and approximate design procedures, the applicability of the approximate design procedure has been confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.8
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• pp.85-99
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• 2011

Geometrical figures have been used as artwork motifs from the ancient times to the present day. The area of fashion, being a part of modern art, is also largely influenced by geometry and geometrical shapes are being used as a motif for fashion design now more than ever before. However, studies about geometry in the fashion field are not yet done enough and further research is necessary. This research will therefore investigate the usages of round, square and triangular design in contemporary fashion. The main scope of this research is to look at the type of expression and analyze the intrinsic meanings of these shapes in modern fashion. This research will look profoundly into the general characteristics of these geometrical figures and analyze the effects and uniqueness found in the world collection introduced since 2007. As a result from this study, it was found that round and square objects were perceived in such a straightforward and positive way and these designs, when worn, really completed the final look. On the other hand, the triangular design was used mainly for spatial expansion and was interpreted in a more metaphorical, indirect and abstract way. The intrinsic meaning of round, square and triangle figures in contemporary fashion consists of the informal features that really steps out of the formative clothing structure. The topological changes that is formed from the interactive functions and the wholism that creates a new system through integration of the human body and clothing contains the intrinsic meaning of these geometrical figures. Based on the research results, the method of expression and the characteristics of modern day fashion's geometrical figures was able to be easily understood. This work provides the useful information on the development of fashion design and the extended interpretation of clothing structure.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.481-486
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• 2011

The research reviews three experimental designs which include Split Plot Design (SPD), Crossover Design (CD) and Replicated Design (RD) by using Latin Square Design (LSD). SPD (CRD, LSD) and SPD (LSD, RCBD) that are derived from (S:A)${\times}B{\times}C{\times}D$ and $A{\times}B{\times}C{\times}D$. In addition, (S:A)${\times}B{\times}C$, (S:A)${\times}C{\times}D$ and (S:A)${\times}B{\times}C{\times}D$ can be used to generate various LSD and CD models. Finally, Replicated LSDs are considered to increase the power of detectability.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.126-129
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• 2024

The square flap method has been successful in releasing contracture bands at various body regions. However, the original square flap method alone may not be efficient in releasing long contracture bands. We, therefore, proposed an extended design to the traditional design, which is called the "square-plus flap." A 4-year-old girl presented with a postburn web-like contracture band over the right axilla. We marked a square flap technique at the center of the contracture band and then two additional Z-plasties were placed on both edges of the flap. After the release and securing of the square flap, the adjacent distal Z-plasty was then transposed and sutured in their new locations. We do not need to incise the proximal Z-plasty as we could achieve complete relaxation of the contracture band. This novel modification can be added to the plastic surgeon's armamentarium for releasing long postburn contracture bands involving distinct body regions.