• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to the Pre-Post maximal exercise for analyze the Physiological Variable(Lactate, LDH, Glucose) in the runners. The subjects were 12 volunteers 6 sprinters and 6 distance runners who agreed to intention of this study. Subjects performed until possible all-out trials. Blood samples were taken from a median cubital vein Pre-Post exercise and every rest 5min during the all-out trial. The results obtained were summarized as follow ; 1) Lactate of Pre-Post exercise in treadmill test showed no significant difference between sprinters and distance runners, but showed significant in sprinters and distance respectively 2) LDH of Pre-Post exercise in treadmill test showed no significant difference between sprinters and distance runners, and that showed no significant in sprinters and distance respectively 3) Glucose of Pre-Post exercise in treadmill test showed no significant difference between sprinters and distance runners, and showed no significant in distance, but showed significant in sprinters therefor, since the runners has an intermittent characteristic which includes a frequent momentary change, it needs the fitness training that being consisted of various training, in the training method, it needs the training process which is from the whole fitness to specific fitness to improve general physical ability.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1254-1260
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to the Pre-Post submaximal exercise for analyze the Blood Lactate, LDH(Lactate Dehydrogenase) and Glucose in the runners. The subjects were 12 volunteers 6 sprinters and 6 distance runners who agreed to intention of this study. Subjects peformed until possible all-out trials. Blood samples were taken from a Ante cubital vein Pre-Post exercise and every rest 5min during the all-out trial. The results obtained were summarized as follow; 1) Blood Lactate of Pre-Post exercise in treadmill test showed no significant difference between sprinters and distance runners, but showed significant in sprinters and distance respectively. 2) Serum LDH of Pre-Post exercise in treadmill test showed no significant difference between sprinters and distance runners, and that showed no significant in sprinters and distance respectively. 3) Blood Glucose of Pre-Post exercise in treadmill test showed no significant difference between sprinters and distance runners, and showed no significant in distance, but showed significant in sprinters. These data indicate first that the value of 4mmol/${\ell}$, commonly referred to as OBLA(Onset of Blood Lactate),may often underestimate the upper limit of tolerance to lactate during a maximal endurance peformance test until all-out. second, our date suggested that the sprinters exercise decreases serum LDH activities and the distance increases serum LDH activities. therefore serum LDH concentration changed following a different exercise. Third. for the concentration of the glucose in blood the sprinters was show to be higher. However it needs more studies to find out the relationship between this result and the fitness factor. therefor, since the runners has an intermittent characteristic which includes a frequent momentary change, it needs the fitness training that being consisted of various training. in the training method, it needs the training process which is from the whole fitness to specific fitness to improve general physical ability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4360-4366
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• 2010

It is impossible for all athletes to be satisfied with a single training program due to the fact that they have different physiological characteristics and needs. However, paucity studies have been introduced a specific training program for high school sprinters. Therefore, this study was designed to help develop and introduce the training program with a physical examination to enhance sprinting performance for experienced high school sprinters. VO2max, muscular strength, basic physical ability, and body composition were measured before and after a 24 week training program. The following are the conclusions based on the results of this study: 1) body fat percentage was increased after 24 weeks of training. Fat free mass and the amount of water in the body increased by 1.5% and 1.1% respectively, 2) $VO_2$maxand anaerobic threshold level showed a significant increase after 24 weeks of training, 3) exercise duration and anaerobic threshold duration were also increased after 24 weeks of training, but not statistically significant, and 4) muscular strength significantly increased due to the execution of combined weight training and circuit training. Development and implementation of the training program in this study made sprinters' physical capacities better in VO2max, anaerobic threshold, and muscular strength and body composition. Also, sprinters were able to increase fat free mass through 24 weeks of training due to increased muscle mass. Therefore, a training program for high school sprinters should include a physical examination to enhance sprinting performance and prevent sports injuries.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week velocity-based training on the maximum vertical jump in elite sprinters. Method: Ten elite sprinters were participated in this study (age: 21 ± 0.97 yrs., height: 179 ± 3.54 cm, body mass: 72 ± 2.98 kg). An 8-week velocity-based power training was provided to all subjects for twice per week. Their maximum vertical jumps were measured before and after velocity-based training. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 4 channels of EMG was performed in this study. A paired t-test was used for statistical verification. The significant level was set at α=.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences were found between pre and post the training (p>.05). However, most variables included jump record, knee joint ROM, and muscle activation of rectus femoris showed increased pattern after the training. Conclusion: In this study, an 8-week velocity-based training did not showed the significant training effects. However, knee joint movement which is the key role of the vertical jump revealed positive kinematic and kinetic pattern after the training. From this founding, it is believed that velocity-based training seems positively affect the vertical jump which is the clear measurement of mechanical power of sprinter. In addition, to get more clear evidence of the training more training period would be needed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to show the effect of starting block angle on the starting motion of sprinters using a crouching start. After installing starting blocks on forced platform, and having four highly comparative sprinters use the starting blocks, I analyzed the angular momentum of a crouching start. From the results of the analysis, the following conclusions could be drawn: There were differences of angular momentum both in body's X, Y, and Z axes and in the thighs' X axes, but not in the pelvis and lower legs. As to the general change of block angle, we noticed that an angular momentum for each segments was higher at an angle of 50 to 55 degrees.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the foot pressure distribution using the sprinter and skater patterns of coordinative locomotor training. METHODS: Thirty healthy adults, comprising 11 men and 19 women, participated in the study. All the participants performed patterns in sprinter pattern conditions 1-3 and skater pattern conditions 1-3, and were measured using a pedoscan to determine the applied foot pressure distribution. RESULTS: The participants significantly differed in the big toe during the sprinter pattern. As a result of the post hoc test, opposite and opposite sprinters showed a significant difference from the same sprinters (same sprinter; 21.33 ± 5.92, opposite sprinter; 23.54 ± 5.41, and reopposite sprinter; 24.14 ± 6.46). There was a significant difference in the lateral side during the skater pattern. As a result of the post hoc test, reopposite and same skaters showed a significant difference from opposite skaters (same skater; 49.88 ± 5.75, opposite skater; 48.78 ± 5.64, and reopposite skater; 51.15 ± 5.37). CONCLUSION: The foot pressure was distributed toward the hallux and fifth toe according to the sprinter and skater patterns of coordinative locomotor training.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3802-3807
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• 2010

In most sports, a key evaluator of athletic performance is sprinting speed. There are two trainable factors associated with speed including mechanical efficiency and force production. The squat exercise is one of the beneficial exercises implemented to enhance lower extremity power for sprinters. However, there has been little research on the optimal exercise intensity for sprinting performance. This study was to investigate whether performing different squat exercises prior to a 40m sprint would improve running speed. Ten male high school sprinters performed six 40m sprints following the different squat intensities (30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of 1RM). A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed that 40m sprint times had significantly improved after 50% ($5.27{\pm}0.13$, p<0.0001) and 70% ($5.26{\pm}0.15$, p<0.0001) of 1RM squat exercises compared to sprint times not following a squat % ($5.33{\pm}0.16$). Performing squat exercises with intensities of 50% and 70% of 1RM may improve 40m sprint times. Therefore, it is suggested that coaches and sprinters could include a medium intensity squat exercise (70%) in the warm-up procedure in order to improve sprint performance.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bicarbonate intake on blood variables during high-intensity training of sprinters. 30 male/female elites with more than 3 years of experience that are registered to S city as a sprinter was categorized into three groups: control group, training group, and HCO₃^- and training group. Training group and HCO₃^- and training group went through a high-intensity exercise program (80-90% HR max) which escalated every 2-3 weeks, for 90 minutes at a time, 5 days a week, 8 weeks in total. HCO₃^- and Training group took in 300mg of bicarbonate per one kilogram of body weight, in 90 minutes before the start of the high-intensity exercise program, once a day for 8 weeks. As a result of the study, the effect of bicarbonate intake on blood variables during high-intensity training of sprinters showed a positive effect on the increase of pH and the decrease of lactic acid in HCO₃^- and training group. Also, the increase of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ was shown in training group and HCO₃^- and training group, whereas there were no indications of significant change in Mg²⁺ in all three groups. It can be confirmed that the intake of bicarbonate during high-intensity training shows effective changes in the increase of pH and the decrease in lactic acid among changes in blood variables. Therefore, it can be seen that the intake of bicarbonate during high-intensity exercise is effective in improving exercise capacity.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.521-528
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic characteristics of the finalists in the women's 100 m event to provide important information to coaches and athletes. Three different biomechanics techniques were applied for analyzing sprinter motion: LAVEG, a panning technique, and 12 video cameras for 3 dimensional analysis of the 40 m - 70 m portion of the race. Carmelita Jeter(USA) performed the maximum speed of 10.54 m/s at the distance of 58.2 m. There was a tendency to show a better performance time with a high number of steps (p=.13) and shorter stride length (p=.14) among the 8 sprints. Furthermore, the stride frequency and the performance time were negatively correlated as a higher stride frequency had a positive impact on the performance time (p=.02). Based on 3 dimensional analysis, the 4 top ranked sprinters used the different strategies to maintain a high COM (Center of Mass) velocity during the mid portion of the race (40 m - 70 m). Carmelita Jeter(USA) showed more flexed knee and hip motion at heel contact (HC) to maintain a high COM velocity while S.A. Fraser-Pryce (JAM) showed more extended knee and hip motion at HC. On the other hands, Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) and Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI) showed a tendency to have high knee lifts during the swing phase to maintain the high COM velocity during the race. These biomechanical analyses of the women's 100 m final event in the 2011 WC, Daegu, will provide important scientific information to coaches and athletes for understanding the sprinting mechanism of today's top-class sprinters.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11b
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• pp.988-991
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 고등학교 단거리 선수의 심폐능력, 신체조성, 그리고 각 부위별 근력이 24주간 운동을 통하여 어떠한 변화가 있는지 규명하였다. D 고등학교에 재학중이며 운동경력이 최소 4년이상된 남자 단거리 선수 8명을 연구대상자로 선정하였다. 운동 전 후 연구대상자들의 심폐능력, 신체조성, 그리고 근력을 측정하여 자료처리 하였다. 본 연구결과, 체지방률, 체지방량, 제지방량, 그리고 체수분량 모두 훈련 후 통계적으로 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<0.05). $VO_2$max와 aerobic threshold는 운동전보다 향상되었으며 통계적으로 매우 유의한 변화가 나타났다 (p<0.05). 근력 또한 통계적으로 유의한 상승 변화을 보였다 (p<0.05.) 본 연구결과 24주간의 훈련 프로그램은 남자 고등학교 단거리 선수들의 총체적 체력 향상을 도모하였다. 단거리 훈련 프로그램 작성 시 전통적인 방법으로 훈련을 계획하고 실천하기 보다는 경기력 향상 및 부상 예방을 위하여 훈련 전 종합적인 신체검사 및 체력 검사를 전문가와 같이 실시 및 평가하여 이를 토대로 개인의 체력에 맞게 훈련 프로그램을 계획 실천할 필요가 있을 것이다.