• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

Recently, a curtain wall system was applied to skyscrapers to prevent fire spreading along the vertical direction due to stack effect and outside air flow when a fire breaks out in skyscraper. Conventional sprinklers cannot prevent the spread of fire to the upstairs areas, which increases the loss of life and property. In this study, a water curtain nozzle that creates wider water coverage on the surface of glass and can prevent the spread of fire to the upstairs areas was developed. The spray pattern of the water curtain nozzle was compared with that of a sprinkler to determine performance of the water curtain nozzle. A fire experiment was constructed on the second floor to verify performance of the water curtain nozzle in preventing the spread of fire to the upstairs areas. The fire and watering experiment proved that the water curtain nozzle prevented more effectively the spread of fire than the conventional sprinkler. The position of first crack and critical temperature of fracture were also analyzed using numerical analysis.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2015

In this study, we try to suggest measures to reduce leakage at a joint between CPVC piping for a sprinkler system and a pipe expansion through reviews of domestic and foreign standards and related tests. The quality of the waterproof rubber packing material between a valve socket and pipe expansion nut was examined. In the leak test, the valve socket material over the expansion part of the metal pipe nut was found to use a metal part or a schlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipe nut part. In addition, the KS B 0221 standard for parallel pipe threads with threaded and thread inspection criteria and inspection standards in order to ensure an acceptable quality of valve socket, there is a need to amend the regulations to comply with the KS B 5223 (screw thread limit gauges parallel pipe threads). We do not have detailed standards for expansion piping nuts for waterproof rubber ring material, so we need to amend the relevant criteria for EPDM material to be used with excellent waterproofing, for which both NBR and EPDM are currently used.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

Recently, evacuation safety of a resident of building become the major concern, because building has been higher and more complicated. Buildings in Korea should install the natural smoke venting or mechanical smoke exhaust equipment according to the building law. The smoke control is the most important to guarantee the evacuation safety. This study evaluate the influence to the height and temperature of smoke layer by enlarging smoke vent size and operating sprinkler system using CFAST (Version 6). Smoke venting size is larger, the effect to height and temperature of smoke layer is increased in below 5 MW fire. But, the correlation of these is decreased in above 10 MW fire. The case that opened smoke vent and sprinklered are applied, life safety criteria are satisfied regardless of fire size. After design the fire scenario according to the service and size of building. Install the smoke vent suitable for the fire size and verify that by experiment or simulation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1814-1818
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• 2007

The Korea Railroad Research Institute developed a fire control system for coaches using water mist. The fire control technology using water mist is used in the fire control system embedded in coaches developed through research. Such environment-friendly, automatic fire-extinguishing device is also economical because the amount used is significantly less than that of the existing sprinkler system. The paper introduces the developed fire control system and fire control performance tests using such system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.334-341
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• 1997

Artificial precipitation test with sprinkler system was carried out to develop the collection method of arboreal larvae(proctotrupoid wasps) of pine needle gall midge for biological control in 1995. Effects of larvae falling on each amount of precipitation, season of precipitation and time of precipitation of a day following artificial precipitation were examined during the period of larvae falling season. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Artificial precipitation with sprinkler system was highly effective for collection of pine needle gall midge larvae and the most suitable amount of precipitation was 5.3-9.4mm; application amount and hours of water were $8,000-16.000{\ell}$ and 180-360 minutes, respectively. 2. The most effective period of larvae collection for artificial precipitation was approximately 20 days, from early through mid November, and larvae falling was 93.4% of the total number of larvae collection during this period. 3. Larvae falling from the tree crown was not affected by the artificial precipitation for the precipitation hour intervals in a day. 4. The percentage of parasitism of collected larvae of pine needle gall midge in November exceeded that of December but was not significantly different between two seasons. 5. Artificial precipitation of sprinkler system was effective in reducing 34% of gall formation after one year at collected sites of pine needle gall midge larvae. 6. The collection method of larvae following artificial precipitation was effective in reducing the expenses by 14-50% than that of collection method of infested needles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.571-576
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• 1998

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the application of low concentration insecticides by sprinkler system for control of the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplasis japonensis, by killing the adults emerging and copulating near the ground. For ground spray, 2 insecticides of fenitrothion and deltamethrin, dilutions of $2,000{\times}$ and $3,000{\times}$ deltamethrin, and 3 spray intervals of 1-3 day were tested at the peak time of adult emergence during the day time. The results are as follows ; 1. Ground spray of fenitrothion 50% EC and deltamethrin 1% EC were found to be highly effective for control of the pine needle gall midge. Average gall formation by fenitrothion, deltamethrin and untreated ones were 3.40%, 5.23% and 45.69%, respectively ; control value of both insecticides exceeded 88%. 2. As a ground spray of deltamethrin 1% EC, dilution $2,000{\times}$ was significantly different from $3,000{\times}$ in gall formation rates. Average gall formation of $2,000{\times}$ plots and $3,000{\times}$ treated ones were 5.23% and 18.00% ; control values were 89.44% and 63.66%, respectively. 3. Diurnal treatment of ground spray was found to be highly effective for control of pine needle gall midge. 4. In particular, control by ground application of dilutions $2,000{\times}$ and $3,000{\times}$ of deltamethrin is suggested because it does not have an adverse effect on arthropods of the ground surface such as ants and spiders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

Effective way of cooking oil fire extinguishment is using water mist system which has cooling and smothering effects. Low pressure water mist system has advantage because it is compatible with existing sprinkler systems. To increase the effectiveness of low pressure water mist system, additives can be used which increase the momentum of water particle and the chemical effect. In this experiment, aqueous film forming form(AFFF) agent is used as additive and the effect of additive concentration and water pressure are experimented. For the extinguishment of cooking oil fire such as soybean and olive oils, AFFF agent is effective and can decrease the fire extinguishing time and water consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.9 no.6 s.37
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• pp.625-629
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• 2006

This paper describes the effect of the droplet breakup process on fire suppression using a water-mist system, which is considered as a alternative to sprinkler fire suppression system. In the evolution of the water-mist, the droplet breakup process is an important phenomenon because it may significantly affect the droplet evaporation rate. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS, Ver. 4.0) code, which is widely used for the simulation of fire dynamics, is used for the present simulation, and it is modified to consider the droplet breakup phenomena. The Prediction by the modified code shows good agreement with experimental data for the temperature. The original FDS predicts higher temperature about $30^{\circ}C$ than experimental data. From the results, it is concluded that the droplet breakup phenomena must be considered for more precise simulation of fire suppression process.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

This paper was development of remote controller of pumping system by using ubiquitous for underground water contamination prevention in the area of glasshouse facility. This paper automatically controls from to temperature and humidity for pumping sprinkler at water hanging cultivation. This prevents indiscreetive development of underground water, and prevents damage of environmental pollution without complementary measures in case of water lacked humble-void. The result of this research, confirms decrease of electrical fee, prevention of indiscreet underground water usage and its drying up thought optimum farm products management and pumping control system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 2013

Permanent water supply and water sprinkling systems are essential to protect major forests and facilities from forest fire. Back in 2005, Naksan Temple, a valuable cultural asset of Korea, was burned down in a forest fire that took place in Yangyang. This started a series of movements including installing water supply facilities and managing forests near important cultural assets. As for the existing facilities, however, they were installed without any standard guidelines for management and installation according to each constructor's specifications, which were based on the National Fire Safety Code 109. Unfortunately, this is not effective in protecting facilities from forest fires such as they have a small protection area, limited simultaneous sprinkling, and a difficult the movement of fire hose. Against this background, the study examines the condition of water supply facilities currently in use, identifies their deficiencies, and suggests how to improve the criteria for water supply service to effectively prevent forest fire. Specifically, three systems were proposed: Water Sprinkler Tower System for preventing spread of crown fires, and Forest Fire Hydrant System and Portable Water Spray System to be effective for suppressing surface fires. In addition, the standards on the performance and components of water pumps are also suggested.