• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.68-72
• /
• 2008

NUFLEX is a general purpose thermo/fluid flow analysis program which has various physical models including spray. In NUFLEX, spray models are composed of breakup and collision models of droplet. However, in case of diesel engine, interaction between wall-film and impingement model considering heat transfer is not coded in NUFLEX. In this study, Lee & Ryou impingement & wall-film model considering heat transfer is applied to NUFLEX. For the verification of this NUFLEX program, numerical results are compared with experimental data. Differences of film thickness and radius between numerical results and experimental data are within 10% error range. The results show that NUFLEX can be used for comprehensive analysis of spray phenomena.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.03b
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 2008

NUFLEX is a general purpose thermo/fluid flow analysis program which has various physical models including spray. In NUFLEX, spray models are composed of breakup and collision models of droplet. However, in case of diesel engine, interaction between wall-film and impingement model considering heat transfer is not coded in NUFLEX. In this study, Lee & Ryou impingement & wall-film model considering heat transfer is applied to NUFLEX. For the verification of this NUFLEX program, numerical results are compared with experimental data. Differences of film thickness and radius between numerical results and experimental data are within 10% error range. The results show that NUFLEX can be used for comprehensive analysis of spray phenomena.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.131-139
• /
• 2006

An experimental study was performed to investigate the liquid breakup and atomization characteristics in electrohydrodynamic atomization according to the changing of experimental parameters such as nozzle size, fluid flow, and electrical intensity. An original electrohydrodynamic atomizer equipment was designed and manufactured for the analysis of spray visualization and the exploration of relationship between applied power and the behavior of liquid atomization. The image processing technique by using the back-illumination method was applied to visualize the distilled liquid breakup process and to examine the variation of the droplet size distribution. The results show that the spray modes of electrohydrodynamic atomization are closelyconnected by the strength of the electric stresses at the surface of the liquid film and the kinetic energy of the liquid jet leaving the needle tip.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.29 no.3 s.234
• /
• pp.402-408
• /
• 2005

The instantaneous temperature behaviors on impinging plate in case of ultra high pressure have been measured and analyzed by using the instantaneous temperature probe and ultra high pressure injection equipment. The temperature drop was largest at P1 which is center of impinging spray and decreased with propagation of spray to the radius direction. The temperature drop was bigger in case of higher temperature of impinging plate. The temperature drop decreased with increase of injection pressure. But decreasing rate of temperature drop was slight over 2,500 bars. Therefore, it was predicted that the fuel evaporation versus the increase of injection pressure was maximum at around 2,500 bars.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.235-245
• /
• 2002

The present article aims to perform numerical calculations for inter-spray impingement of two diesel sprays under a high injection pressure and to propose a new hybrid model for droplet collision on the basis of literature findings. The hybrid model is compared with the original O'Rourke's model, which has been widely used for spray calculations. The main difference between the hybrid model and the O'Rourke's model is mainly in determination of the collision threshold condition, in which the preferred directional effect of droplets and a critical collision radius are included. The Wave model involving the cavitation effect inside a nozzle is used for predictions of atomization processes. Numerical results are reported for different impingement angles of 60°and 90°in order to show the influence of the impinging angle on spray characteristics and also compared with experimental data. It is found that the hybrid model shows slightly better agreement with experimental data than the O'Rourke's model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2004

In this paper a numerical study was performed for the effect of the wall curvature on the behaviors of fuel sprays impinging on the concave Surface. Actually, in the real diesel engines, a piston head has a curved shape for the purpose of the controlling the movement of fuel droplets and the mixture formation. For past decades, although many experimental and numerical works had been performed on the spray/wall impingement phenomena, the curvature effect of impinged wall was rarely investigated. The wall curvature affects on the behaviors of the secondary droplets generated by impingement and the concave wall obstructs the droplets to advance from the impinging site to outward. In present study, the simulation code was validated for the flat surface case and three cases of the different curvature were calculated and compared with the flat surface case for several parameters, such as the spray radius, the spray height and the position of vortex center of gas phase. The simulation results showed that the radial advance of the wall spray and the vortex is decreased with increasing the curvature. It was concluded that the curvature of the impinged wall significantly affects the behaviors of both the gas-phase and the droplet-phase.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.6-15
• /
• 2003

It is an aim of this study to perform extensive numerical study for analyzing the anisotropic turbulence effects on spatial and temporal behaviors of droplet for impinging sprays. The turbulence model of Durbin is used for comparisons with the k-ε model. The turbulence-induced dispersions of droplets are considered to describe the anisotropy of turbulence effectively and spray/wall interactions are simulated using the model of Lee and Ryou. Present study investigates the overall and the internal structures of impinging diesel sprays such as spray shapes, radius and height of wall sprays, Sauter mean diameter (SMD), local droplet velocity, and local gas velocity and compared the results with experimental data by two adopted turbulence models. When the anisotropy effect of turbulence is included, better predictions for both gas and droplet tangential velocities are obtained, compared to the k-ε model. It is concluded that anisotropic effect of turbulence should be considered for simulating impinging diesel sprays.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 2009

While the pinch instability theory (PIT) has been widely employed to analyze the spray transfer mode in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW), it cannot predict the detaching drop size accurately. The PIT is modified in this work to increase the accuracy of prediction and to simulate the molten tip geometry to be more physically acceptable. Since the molten tip becomes a cone shape in the spray mode, the effective wire diameter is formulated that the effective diameter is inversely proportional to current square. Modifications are also made to consider the finite length of the liquid column and current leakage through the arc. While the effective diameter influences drop transfer significantly, the current leakage has negligible effects. The effects of modifications on drop transfer are analyzed, and the predicted drop diameters show good agreements with the experimental data of the steel wire.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.44-44
• /
• 2009

While the pinch instability theory (PIT) has been widely employed to analyze the spray transfer mode in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW), it cannot predict the detaching drop size accurately. The PIT is modified in this work to increase the accuracy of prediction and to simulate the molten tip geometry to be more physically acceptable. Since the molten tip becomes a cone shape in the spray mode, the effective wire diameter is formulated that the effective diameter is inversely proportional to current square. Modifications are also made to consider the finite length of the liquid column and current leakage through the arc. While the effective diameter influences drop transfer significantly, the current leakage has negligible effects. The effects of modifications on drop transfer are analyzed, and the predicted drop diameters show good agreements with the experimental data of the steel wire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.141-144
• /
• 2003

For the analysis of combustion instabilities of a liquid locket engine, a simple spray combustion model has been analyzed by the Euler-Lagrange method. Gas temperature, droplet trajectory, and droplet radius have been evaluated on 2-D axisymmetric coordinates. The Euler-Lagrange method has been shown to have a good tendency of gas temperature distribution as well as droplet trajectory and radius change.