• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the fibrin adhesive (Beriplast$^{(R)}$) on healing of full-thickness wounds in the rat's hard palate. Twenty Spraque-Dawley strain white male rats, each weighing 250~300 gm were used. Creation of full-thickness wounds of $4{\times}4mm$ in size were performed on the hard palate. Beriplast$^{(R)}$, a wound dressing material, was applied immediately in the experimental group, but not applied in the control group. All wounds were protected with palatal resin splints. The animals were sacrificed on the 2nd, 4th, 7th, 14th, and 28th day after the operation for macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Results obtained were as follows ; 1. On the 7th day after the operation, epithelial proliferation was greater in the experimental group than that in the control group. 2. The inflammatory reaction of the experimental group was less than the control group on the 2nd and 4th day after the operation. Beriplast was resorbed on the 7th day after the operation. 3. In the control group, the epithelial proliferation occurred from the 7th to the 14th day after the operation, and in the experimental group, epithelial proliferation occurred from the 4th day after the operation. 4. On the 14th and 28th day after the operation, there was no prominent difference between the two groups in histological findings. These results suggest that the use of fibrin adhesive (Beriplast$^{(R)}$) as a palatal wound dressing results in greater epithelial proliferation and less inflammation in the early stage of wound healing.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.24-35
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cynomorii Herba (鎖陽) on　the reproductive competence in male mice.　Methods ：　We used 8-week-old Spraque-Dawley rats and administered the extract powder of Cynomorii Herba to 5 rats and normal saline to control group once in a day for 28 days. Then we observed the changes of body weight before and after administration of Cynomorii Herba extracts and normal saline. We isolated their testis surgically and observed the weight of testis, epididymis, vascular gland and prostate. Also we examined the total, normal and motile sperm concentration, the concentration of testicular catalase, peroxidase and configuration of testicular tissue before and after administration of Cynomorii Herba extracts and normal saline. Results : We found that the concentration of total, normal, motile sperm in testis of Cynomorii Herba treated group shows significant difference compared with the control group. The body weight, the weight of testis, epididymis and the concentration of testicular catalase and peroxidase were higher in the Cynomorii Herba treated group, on the other hand the weight of vascular gland was lower in the Cynomorii Herba. But the contents of above statement showed no significant difference. The weight of　prostate showed lower in the control group statistically than that of the Cynomorii Herba treated group. We observed the seminiferous tubules taken shape minutely and the number of normal sperm increased in Cynomorii Herba treated group's testicular tissue. Conclusion This study shows that Cynomorii Herba may have an effect on the concentration, morphology and motility of sperm, the important factor in male fertility.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 1992

This study investigated the hypothesis that carcinogen-induced elevation of oxyradical during the hepatocarcinogenesis in rat. The hepatic preneoplastic lesions in the Spraque-Dawley rats were induced by the carcinogen treatment such as diethylnitrosamine(DEN) and acetylaminofluorene(AAF) in combination with partial hepatectomy(PH). The liver sample was taken at 2, 6, 10 and 16 months after carcinogen treatments followed by PH. Carcinogen treatments initially increased the indices of oxidative damage(activities of xanthine oxidase and production rates of superoxide anion, microsomal hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical) in the liver compared to PH groups. However, cytosolic hydrogen peroxide did not change significantly throughout the full time period. Of hydrogen peroxide scavenger, the catalase was remained lower than PH groups, whereas the peroxidase was increased after carcinogen treatments. Morphologically, the immunohistochemical analysis with glutathione-S-transferase of a placenta form(GSTP) antibody was used to detect the induction of preneoplastic nodules. During the hepatocarcinogenesis, both production rate of hydroxyl radical and activity of glutathione-S-transferase(GST) markedly increased with the appearance of the preneoplastic nodule. These results indicated that the hydroxyl radical of reactive oxygen species seemed to have a major influence on the hepatocarcinogenesis and the effect of time after removal of the carcinogen also appeared to be highly critical in the hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.579-589
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• 1996

Background : Activation of neutrophil is critical for the clearance of microorganisms and toxic host mediators during sepsis. Unfortunately the activated neutrophil and its toxic byproducts can produce tissue injury and organ dysfunction. The leucocyte CD11/18 adhesion complex regulates neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion, the first step in neutrophil migration to sites of injection and inflammation. To investigate the potential of neutrophil inhibition as a treatment strategy for sepsis, we evaluated the effects of monoclonal antibody against CD11b (MAb 1B6) in rats intrabronchial challenged with Escherichia coli. Methods : Animals were randomly assigned to receive monoclonal antibody against CD11b (1 mg/kg, sc) and bovine serum albumin(BSA, 1 mg/kg, sc) 6 hr before, at 0 and 6 hr after intrabronchial challenge of $20x10^9$ CFU/kg E. coli 0111. Animals were randomized to treat either 24, 60 or 90% oxygen after bacterial challenge and begining 4 hr after inoculation, all animals were received 100 mg/kg ceftriaxone qd for 3 days. Peripheral and alveolar neutrophil(by bronchoalveolar lavage) counts and lung injury parameters such as alveolar-arte rial $PO_2$ difference, wet to dry lung weight ratio and protein concentration of alveolar fluid were measured in survived rats at 12 hr and 96 hr. Results : Monoclonal antibody against CD11b decreased circulating and alveolar neutrophil especially more in 12 hr than in 96 hr The lung injury parameters of antibody-treated animals were not different from those of BSA-treated animals. but It was meaningless due to small number of survived animals. The early(6 hr) mortality rate was significantly increased in antibody-treated group(51%) compared to BSA-treated group(31%) (P=0.02) but late(from 12 hr to 72 hr) mortality rate was not different in antibody-treated group(44%) from BSA-treated group(36%) (P =0.089). Conclusion : Leucocyte CD11b/18 adhesion molecule is known to regulate neutrophil migration to the site of infection and inflammation. The monoclonal antibody against CD11b decreased alveolar neutrophil in rats with pulmonary sepsis and increased early mortality rate. Therefore, we can speculate that monoclonal antibody against CD11b blocks of alveolar recruitment of neutrophils, impairs host defense mechanism and increases early mortality rate of pulmonary sepsis in rat.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.77-89
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• 2015

Objectives : To evaluate the safety of multiple-dose intramuscular Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture in male and female Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats over a period of 4 weeks(12 sessions). Methods : In order to test the safety of multiple-dose intramuscular Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture we used 40 healthy male and female 6-week old SD rats(male weight 171.79~196.37 g, female weight 127.93~146.43 g). Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture was administered intramuscularly to male and female SD rats at doses of 4.6 (low dose group, n=10), 9.2 (moderate dose group, n=10), and 18.5 mg/kg(high dose group, n=10), respectively. General symptoms, body weight changes, blood tests, biochemical testing, necropsy, organ weight and histopathogical findings were examined over a 4-week period. Results : 1. No mortalities or adverse effects were caused by the investigational substance were observed during the study period. 2. There was no significant difference in body weight caused by the the investigational substance across all groups. 3. No significant between-group difference was found to be caused by the investigational substance in blood tests and biochemical testing. 4. No abnormalities were detected by a necropsy examination with the unaided eye at the macro level after treatment with the investigational substance. 5. Difference in organ weight between groups caused by the investigational substance was not found. 6. All groups did not exhibit pathological findings caused by the investigational substance in histopathogical examination. Conclusions : According to these results, Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture has no systemic or organ toxicity with multiple-dose intramuscular administrations in male and female SD rats over a 4-week period (12 sessions). These results imply that no adverse effects are observed at a level (NOAEL) of Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture of 18.5 mg/kg.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

Obesity can be defined as a metabolic disease due to an increased fat accumulation in the body caused by an imbalance of calorie intake and output The prevalence of obesity has increased substantially over the past 2-3 decades in developed and developing countries. The health impact of weight gain is so marked that obesity has now been classified as a major global public health problem In order to investigate the effect of diet conversion and oral administration of Platycodon grandiflorum extracts on the treatment of obesity, male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a group converted to normal diet (Control group), a group maintained high fat (30%) diet (H), and two groups with Platycodon grandiflorum extract added to the previously mentioned two groups. All animals were fed high fat diet for 7 weeks to induce the obesity. Then they were divided as mentioned above. Animals were fed experimental diet and Platycodon grandiflorum extract (150 mg/ml/rat/day) for 7 weeks. Body weight, adipose tissue weight (subcutaneous, epididymal, peritoneal fat pads) and serum lipids (total cholesterol and triglyceride) showed some differences among groups. The Platycodon grandiflorum feeding markedly decreased both body weight and adipose tissue weight in control group compared to H, high fat diet maintaining, group. Platycodon grandiflorum extracts significantly decreased the concentrations of serum lipids compared to H group. Fat cell numbers and sizes were significantly reduced in the oriental medicinal herb extract administrated group. Increased fatty acid binding protein (FABP) expression in high fat diet group was decreased by the dietary conversion to normal diet and the oral administration of Platycodon glandiflorum extracts. In contrast, there was no significant effect on FABP expression in the high fat maintenance group. In this study, the conversion from high fat diet to low fat or normal diet had a beneficial effect on body weight loss and serum lipid profiles. Dietary Platycodon glandiflorum extracts had an additive beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of obesity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.469-474
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• 2000

This studies were to investigate the effects of low power intensity Helium-Neon Infra-Red(He-Ne IR) laser on the changes of the serum immunoglobulin(1g) components in burn rats, The fourty eight Spraque-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 8 groups: the experimental groups(4), the burn control groups(2) and the control groups(2) There was made three degree burn by the 250mW IR on the back of each rats, from 3 days after being burned, the experimental laser groups were irradiated low power He-Ne IR laser for 3 minutes and 4.5 minutes every day during the 7days and 21 days. The results were as follows: The concentrations of immunoglobulin G(Ig G) in serum of burn rats on the treated with during the 3minutes laser for 7 days were higher than those of burn and 4.5 minutes laser groups. There were significantly decreased the change of the level of immunoglobulin M(Ig M) in serum of burn rats on the treated with 3 minutes laser for 7 days to the control group, but were significantly increased on the 3minutes and 4.5 minutes laser groups for 21 days to the those of burn and control groups, and the levels of the Ig M on the 3minutes laser group for 21 days were higher than those of 7 days. The concentrations of immunoglobulin E(Ig E) in serun of the burn rats on the experimental and burn groups were significantly lower than those in control group. As above results, The changes of the level of immonoglobulin components in serum have meaningful role in the healing process on the treated with the low pewer intensity of HE-Ne IR laser.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

This studies were to investigate the effects of low power wavelengths Helium-Neon Infra-Red(He-Ne 1R) laser on the changes of the serum mineral components in burn rats. The thirty Spraque-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 5 groups: the experimental groups(3), the bum control group (1) and the control group(1). There was made three degree bum by the 250mW IR on the back of each rats. from 3 days after being burned. the experimental laser groups were irradiated low power wavelengths(292 Hz. 1168Hz, 4672Hz) He-He IR laser far 5 minutes every day during the 7 days. The results were as tallows: 1. There were significantly not changes of the levels of serum sodium between all experimental groups. 2. The concentration of potassium in serum on the treated with 292Hz wavelengths group during 5 minutes were significantly increased ,but with 1168Hz wavelenghths group were decreased to the those of burn group. 3. The concentrations of serum calcium in serum 1168Hz wavelengths laser group on the treated with 5 minutes laser were significantly higher to normal level than those of bum groups. As above results. the changes of the 2 essentials mineral(calcium and potassium) in serum levels on the healing process have meaningful effected with the low power wavelengths role on the treated with He-Ne IR laser.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.635-656
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• 1991

It was the aim of this investigation to evaluate some histologic aspect of rat pulp tissue after it had been compromised by an experimental orthodontic force. Experimental animals of thirty five Spraque-Dawley rats were employed. The first upper molars had been successively mesial moved (initial load 100 gr.) with a closed coil spring during 21 days. The experimental periods were set on immediate, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks following retention time. On each experimental period, the rats were killed and prepared for the light microscopy. After prepared with H/E stain and Gomori's one-step trichrome stain, the specimens were analyzed with evaluation criteria which were adopted in this study. The result may be summarized as follows; 1. The main pulp changes due to experimental orthodontic force included vacuolization of odontoblastic layer, circulation disturbance, root resorption, reduced pulp collagenous fiber density and mean cell count of pulp fibroblast in the immediate group. 2. The pulp tissue changes were revealed reversible because the relieved pulp tissues from experimental orthodontic force were recovered rapidly in each evaluation criteria during retention periods. 3. Compared with normal control group, pulp collagenous fiber density were decreased in immediated group (p < 0.01), but increased in each retention groups. These seem to suggest that the pulp tissues were aged after experimental orthodontic force conditions. 4. Compared with normal control group, mean cell counts of pulp fibroblasts were decreased in immediate group (p < 0.05), but increased continuous in each retention groups. These seem to indicate that the pulp tissues were highly regenerative after experimental orthodontic force conditions. 5. Compared with normal control group, root resorptions occurred in all immediate specimens (p < 0.01) and they were healed in each retention periods, but often observed in 4 weeks retention group. These seem to indicate that root resorptions were recovered slowly after experimental orthodontic force conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.55-65
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• 2005

Objectives: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes that line the nose. Common symptoms include sneezing; a stuffy or runny nose; itchy eyes, nose and throat; and watery eyes. We aimed to determine therapeutic effects of Gudambope-tang by observing changes in blood cells and the nasal mucosal tissue. Methods: Fifteen Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal, control, and sample group. Allergic rhinitis was induced in the control and sample group by intraperitoneal and intranasal sensitization with 0.1% ovalbumin solution. Then Gudambope-tang was orally administered only to the sample group for 28days, while the rats in the control group was given normal saline. We observed changes in the number of RBC and WBC; changes of neutrophil, Iymphocyte and monocyte proportions; total IgE level and AST & ALT changes; also, changes in the nasal mucosal tissue. We used ANOVA test statistically(p<0.05). Results: 1. Gudambope-tang showed an inhibitory effect on the process of allergic rhinitis. 2. Gudambope-tang inhibited the inflammatory reaction on the nasal mucosal tissue. 3. Gudambope-tang had no hepatoxicity. Conclusions: According to the above results. it is considered that Gudambope-tang has an inhibitory effect on the process of allergic rhinitis and it can be used in relieving symptoms of allergic rhinitis.