• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2024

Hydronephrosis, characterized by dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to urine flow obstruction, poses a significant clinical challenge. Although often asymptomatic and capable of spontaneous resolution, surgical intervention is necessary for specific scenarios such as febrile urinary tract infections, deteriorating hydronephrosis, or declining renal function. The efficacy of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing urinary tract infections remains controversial. Yet, it may benefit high-risk patients, emphasizing the importance of individualized patient selection, as surgical treatment methods for patients with hydronephrosis have become less invasive than in previous decades. However, long-term follow-up outcomes are lacking, necessitating further clarification. This review presents an overview of the etiology, natural progression, and modern management of hydronephrosis, encompassing advancements in minimally invasive procedures.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1998

Between 1988-1998, cytogenetic analyses were performed for 1,476 couples and 162 women with recurrent abortions. We applied GTG-banding, high resolution-banding and FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) techniques in this study. The frequency of balanced translocations was 3.6% (112/3114). Of them, 74 cases (2.38%) were reciprocal translocations and 38 (1.22%) were robertsonian translocations. Chromosome aberrations were more frequent in women (80 cases) than in men (32 cases). No phenotypical abnormalities were found in all carriers who had experienced recurrent spontaneous abortions or experienced giving birth to malformed offsprings. Prenatal cytogenetic analyses were carried out on 40 subsequent pregnancies for carrier couples with balanced translocation. The fetal karyotypes showed that 13 cases (32.5%) were normal, 25 (62.5%) were balanced translocations, and two (6%) were unbalanced translocations. It is believed that the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion is higher than that of the normal population. Most of the fetal samples showed normal karyotypes or balanced translocations matching that of one of their parents. Although the incidence of chromosomal imbalance in the fetuses was relatively low in prenatal cytogenetic analysis, individuals with balanced translocations are predisposed to giving birth to malformed offsprings with partial trisomy or monosomy. Therefore, we recommend the cytogenetic and the prenatal cytogenetic analysis for those who experiences recurrent abortion as well as in case they become pregnant, to prevent the birth of offsprings with chromosomal abnormalities.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2003

Ion channel inhibitors are widely used for pharmacological discrimination between the different channel types as well as for determination of their functional role. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) could affect the large conductance $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channel ($BK_{Ca}$) currents using perforated-patch or cell-attached configuration of patch-clamp technique in the rabbit pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. Application of 4-AP reversibly inhibited the spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs). The reversal potential and the sensitivity to charybdotoxin indicated that the STOCs were due to the activation of $BK_{Ca}$. The $BK_{Ca}$ currents were recorded in single channel resolution under the cell-attached mode of patch-clamp technique for minimal perturbation of intracellular environment. Application of 4-AP also inhibited the single $BK_{Ca}$ currents reversibly and dose-dependently. The membrane potential of rabbit pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells showed spontaneous transient hyperpolarizations (STHPs), presumably due to the STOC activities, which was also inhibited by 4-AP. These results suggest that 4-AP can inhibit $BK_{Ca}$ currentsin the intact rabbit vascular smooth muscle. The use of 4-AP as a selective voltage-dependent $K^+$ (KV) channel blocker in vascular smooth muscle, therefore, must be reevaluated.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2014

목적: VUR는 대부분 요로감염 후에 진단되며, 반복적 요로감염과 역류가 지속되면 신반흔, 신실질의 위축, 고혈압 등 심각한 후유증을 야기할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 VUR의 임상적 특성과 자연소실율 및 그와 관련된 인자들을 분석하였다. 방법: 1993년 12월부터 2011년 5월까지 충북대학병원 소아청소년과와 비뇨기과에 입원한 VUR로 진단된 117례를 대상으로, 항생제 예방요법 및 수술적 치료를 시행한 환아를 추적관찰하였다. 결과: 대상 환아 117명 중 남아는 55%로 여아보다 많았고, 1세 미만은 66%로 이중 남아가 64%였다. 배뇨중 방광요도조영술 상 역류를 보인 161요관 중 grade I이 15요관, grade II이 32요관, grade III이 54요관, grade IV가 26요관, grade V가 34요관이었다. 99mTC-DMSA 신 스캔을 시행한 161신단위(115례)에서 신피질결손이 62%에서 관찰되 었고, 신피질결손은 역류 정도(grade)가 심할수록 신피질결손 형성율이 높았다. 초기에 항생제 예방요법을 시작한 총94요관에서 평균 43.6개월 추적으로 66요관(67%)에서 소실 및 호전을 보였고, 나머지 9요관(10%)에서 악화되어 수술적 치료를 하였다. 역류의 정도가 낮을수록 자연소실율이 높았으나 신피질결손이 미만성인 경우와 4세 이후 자연 소실율은 현저히 낮았다. 수술적 치료를 시행한 67역류요관(41%) 중 5요관에서 grade가 감소된 상태에서 여전히 남아 있었고, 나머지 62요관에서 모두 소실되어 92%의 소실율을 보였다. 결론: 요로감염을 동반한 VUR 환아에서 99mTC-DMSA신 스캔 상 신피질결손이 62%에서 관찰되었으며, 역류 정도가 심할수록 신피질결손 발견율이 높았고, 나이가 많고 미만성 신피질결손이 보이는 경우 자연소실율이 낮았다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.23-23
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• 2009

GaN-based nitride semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in high-brightness light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) covering from green to ultraviolet spectral range. LED and LD heterostructures are usually grown on (0001)-$Al_2O_3$. The large lattice mismatch between $Al_2O_3$ substrates and the GaN layers leads to a high density of defects(dislocations and stacking faults). Moreover, Ga and N atoms are arranged along the polar [0001] crystallographic direction, which leads to spontaneous polarization. In addition, in the InGaN/GaN MQWs heterostructures, stress applied along the same axis can also give rise to piezoelectric polarization. The total polarization, which is the sum of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations, is aligned along the [0001] direction of the wurtzite heterostructures. The change in the total polarization across the heterolayers results in high interface charge densities and spatial separation of the electron and hole wave functions, redshifting the photoluminescence peak and decreasing the peak intensity. The effect of polarization charges in the GaN-based heterostructures can be eliminated by growing along the non-polar [$11\bar{2}0$] (a-axis) or [$1\bar{1}00$] (m-axis) orientation instead of thecommonly used polar [0001] (c-axis). For non-polar GaN growth on non-polar substrates, the GaN films have high density of planar defects (basal stacking fault BSFs, prismatic stacking fault PSFs), because the SFs are formed on the basal plane (c-plane) due to their low formation energy. A significant reduction in defect density was recently achieved by applying blocking layer such as SiN, AlN, and AlGaN in non-polar GaN. In this work, we were performed systematic studies of the defects in the nonpolar GaN by conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2093-2097
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• 2016

Background: HCV is a major global health problem. IL-27 is a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family with a broad range of anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies highlighted the effect of a SNP in the IL-27 promoter region on modulating the progression of infectious diseases and individual responses to therapy. Aim of the work: The present study investigated the potential role of (-964 A/G) SNP in the promoter region of IL-27p28 gene (alleles rs153109) on the outcome of HCV infection among genotype 4a infected patients. Materials and Methods: HCV genotyping confirmed that all of the HCV-infected patients had genotype 4a infection. Genomic DNA was extracted from 111 patients with chronic HCV infection, 42 spontaneous resolvers (SR) and 16 healthy controls. IL- 27p28.rs153109 genotyping was assessed using PCR-RFLP then confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results: The frequency of IL-27-p28.rs153109AA, AG, and GG genotypes among chronically infected subjects were 74.8 %, 25.2%, and 0% while among the SR, they were 57.1%, 35.7%, and 7.14%, respectively. Our data show the unique presence of G/G genotype in the SR group (3 patients; 7.14%). Moreover, the "G" allele frequencies among chronic and resolved subjects were 12.6% and 25.0%, respectively (p=0.0136). Importantly, subjects with the GG genotype were more likely to clear their HCV infection than those with the AA genotype (p=0.0118). Conclusions: HCV genotype 4a subjects with the IL-27-p28.rs153109 A/G and G/G genotype were more likely to clear their HCV infection. Therefore, we propose IL- 27p28.rs153109SNPas a genetic biomarker for predicting HCV infection outcome.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제42집
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• pp.143-165
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• 2022

이 연구는 그동안 고전문학에서도 시도되지 않았던 여성 한시와 대순사상의 융합 연구이자, 대순사상 분야에서도 시도되지 않았던 여성 한시와 대순사상의 융합 연구이다. 대순진리회에서 중요한 해원 사상을 고전 작품을 통해 밝혀보고자 하는 시도였다. 대순사상의 출현과도 시대적 맥락을 같이 하는 20세기 초의 최송설당(崔松雪堂)의 한시 작품을, 여성 해원이라는 틀 위에서 '평(平)'과 '화(和)'의 개념으로 분석하여, 가화(家和)와 상생(相生)으로 나아가는 지점을 찾고자 했다. <왕소군의 원망(昭君怨)>, <자술(自述)>, <송설당원운(松雪堂原韻)> 등과 같은 작품에서 여자로서의 한(恨)이 표현되었다. <정월 초하루(元朝祝)>, <우음(偶吟)> 등과 같은 작품에서는 가족의 평안을 바라는 내용을 표현하고 있었다. 송설당은 가정의 '원(寃)'을 풀기 위해 노력하는 과정에서 남자가 되지 못한 '한(恨)'을 느끼며 한계에 부딪히기도 하였지만, 가화(家和)를 이루기 위해 '평(平)'과 '화(和)'를 중요하게 여기며 평생을 노력해온 것으로 보인다. 이 논문은 문학과 사상의 융합이라는 학문적 확장의 측면에서 중요한 의미가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 대순사상의 측면에서도 사상 자체에만 몰두한 연구에서 나아가 사상과 문학을 융합적으로 살펴봄으로써, 전통시대의 삶과 문화 속에서도 대순사상의 면모를 확인할 수 있고, 이것이 고전에서 현대에 이르는 여전히 현재적인 의미를 지니고 있다는 것을 밝힐 수 있는 의의가 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.390-402
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• 2023

Objective: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a neurological complication following clipping surgery. However, the natural course and ideal approach for the treatment of clipping-related-CSDH (CR-CSDH) have not been clearly established. We aimed to investigate the course of CR-CSDH using chronological radiological findings. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 28 (3.8%) patients who developed CSDH among 736 patients who underwent surgical clipping using pterional approach for unruptured aneurysms at our institution between December 2010 and December 2018. Patients underwent follow-up CT scan 6-8 weeks after clipping surgery and decision to pursue surgical intervention rests upon the patient's symptom based on the Markwalder's grading scale (MGS) and numeric rating scale (NRS). Results: Of the 28 patients, 3 patients (10.7%) underwent surgery, while 25 (89.2%) showed spontaneous resolution of CR-CSDH. Eighteen patients (64.2%) had mild headache with MGS of 0-1. The mean maximum hematoma volume was 41.9±30.9 ml (5.8-135 ml), and 26 patients (92.8%) had homogeneous hematoma. The mean time to hematoma resolution was 126.7±52.9 days (46-228 days). Comparing group of CR-CSDH volume ≥43 ml or a midline shift ≥5 mm, the difference in presence of linear low-density area (p=0.002) and age (p=0.026) between the conservative and operative groups were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Most CR-CSDH cases spontaneously resolved within 4 months. Therefore, we suggest that close observation should be performed if patient's symptoms are mild and special radiologic findings are present, despite its relatively large volume and midline shifting.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2007

배경: 일차성 자연 기흉의 수술치료는 비디오 흉강경 수술의 발달로 흔히 행하는 수술이다. 초발된 일차성 자연 기흉 환자에서 시행한 고해상 컴퓨터단층촬영(HRCT)상에 발견된 반대쪽 기포가 있는 경우 기흉의 발생을 막기 위한 예방적 기포제거 수술이 필요한 지에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 HRCT상에 보이는 반대쪽의 기포가 기흉의 발생에 연관이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 1월부터 2006년 4월까지 충남대학교 병원에서 일차성 자연기흉으로 입원치료를 받았던 50세 이하의 550명의 환자 중 HRCT의 확인이 가능한 190명의 환자 중 양쪽으로 수술을 시행받은 환자를 제외한 159명을 대상으로 기흉이 발생한 반대쪽 폐의 기포의 유무와 기흉의 발생률의 관계를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 159명의 환자에서 HRCT에서 반대쪽에 기포가 보이는 환자는 67명이었고 반대쪽에 기포가 보이지 않는 환자는 92명이었다. 추적관찰 기간 중 반대쪽 기흉 발생은 기포가 보이는 환자군에서 6명(8.9%), 기포가 보이지 않는 환자군에서는 5명(5.4%)에서 반대쪽에 기흉이 발생하였다(p=0.529 [Fisher's exact test]). 결론: 한쪽에 발생한 초발 기흉 환자에서 HRCT는 병변쪽뿐만 아니라 반대쪽 기포의 유무를 확인하는 데 좋은 검사법이다. 기포의 유무가 반대쪽 기흉의 발생을 예측할 수 있다고 말하기 어렵고 기흉 수술의 부작용이 전혀 없지 않은 것을 고려할 때 예방적으로 양쪽의 기포 제거 수술이 필요하다고 보기 어렵다. 따라서 HRCT상에 보이는 기포와 기흉의 재발과의 관계는 향후 전향적인 연구가 더 필요하리라 생각한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1832-1836
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• 2006

Mesorhizobium sp. LUK, which utilizes 3-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid as the sole source of nitrogen with high enantioselectivity (E(S)>100), was isolated using enrichment culture. The enzyme involved in the utilization of (S)-3-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid was confirmed to be a transaminase and was purified by 235-folds with a specific activity of 0.72 U/mg. The molecular weight of the purified protein was ca. 47 kDa and the active enzyme was determined as a dimer on gel filtration chromatography. The N-terminal sequence was obtained from the purified protein. Spontaneous decarboxylation of produced ${\beta}-keto$ acids was observed during the chiral resolution of 3-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid.