• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.504-510
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• 1993

The effect of AcNPV infection conditions such as serum concentration, pH, CaCl2, lysosomotropic agent, cell density at infection, agitation, aeration and nutritional supplementattion on recombinant protein production in Spodoptera frugiperda 21 cells was investigated using tissue culture flask, bottle and spinner flask. It was shown that serum, CaCl2, pH and cell density at infection affected recombinant production. The lysosomotropic agent did not significantly influence recombinant protein production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.361-364
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• 1999

The binding characteristics of Anagrapha falcifera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AtNPV) to Spodoptera frugiperda 21 (Sf21) cells were investigated. The cells displayed an affinity of 4.7×10/sup 10/M/sup -1/ with about 3,300 binding sites per cell. The biochemical nature of the AfNPV-binding sites on the cell surface was also partially identified. Our findings suggest that the binding-site moiety has a glycoprotein component, but that the direct involvement of oligosacccharides containing N-acetylglucosamine or sialic acid residues in binding is unlikely, and that AfNPV entry into Sf21 cells may be via receptor-mediated endocytosis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2020

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), originated from tropical and subtropical America is one of sporadic agricultural pests in the world. Since the moth has high migration capacity, it rapidly expanded the world distribution such as Africa in 2016, India in 2018, and East-Asian countries in 2019. In Korea, this species was firstly found at maize fields of Jeju Island, in early June 2019, and subsequently detected at many counties of Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do in June and July 2019. The first invaded populations of S. frugiperda in Korea were genetically confirmed as one species, S. frugiperda by using a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, and analyzed to be comprised of two haplotypes (hap-1 and hap-2) each belonging to different clades. Among 31 COI sequences, the hap-1 sequence was predominant, accounting for 93.5%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the EAG (electroantennogram) response of Spodoptera frugiperda male to sex pheromone compounds and whether or not S. frugiperda male adults would undergo double mating. The EAG response of S. frugiperda male adult to Z9-14:Ac increased in a dose-dependent as the dose increased. Among the 7 sex pheromone components investigated, male EAG recording was the highest to Z9-14:Ac. The EAG response of S. frugiperda male adult to the mixed sex pheromone component was greater than that to the single component. Male adults of S. frugiperda were capable of double mating under laboratory condition, and the secondary mating rate increased to 72.2% compared to the 58.3% of primary mating rate. The EAG response of mated S. frugiperda male adult was not different from that of unmated S. frugiperda male. In the net house test with sex pheromone lure, mated male adults were not captured during the test period. Also, strangely, unmated male adults were not captured even in a trap equipped with virgin female adults, although the antennae of mated male adult were responded to the sex pheromone component in the laboratory. Probably, it is thought that the mated male adults may not have been caught in the trap be due to flight ability which has been decreased after mating. The field attractiveness of S. frugiperda male adults to sex pheromones remains to be further elucidated.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 1996

To investigate the molecular biological marker in insect cells, BmN-4 and Sf-0 cells were analysed by SDS-PAGE and random amplification of polymorphic DNA. The results showed that the patterns of total cell protein and random amplification of polymorphic DNA were distinguished between BmN-4 and Sf-9 cells, suggesting that the unique major bands were useful as molecular biological marker in BmN-4 and Sf-9 cells.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2022

The trapping efficacy of five commercially available sex pheromones manufactured in Korea, the Netherlands, North America, China, and Costa Rica was evaluated to determine the population dynamics of Spodoptera frugiperda and Mythimna loreyi and their relationships with the weather parameters of maize fields in Miryang, Gyeongnam Province, Korea in 2019. The results show that the sex pheromone manufactured in Costa Rica were more efficient at capturing S. frugiperda and M. loreyi than those manufactured in other countries. The lowest number of S. frugiperda moths were captured using sex pheromones manufactured in the Netherlands. We noted that more than four population peaks of both the moth species and weather parameters influenced the moth population dynamics in Miryang. A positive relationship was observed between the population of S. frugiperda and weather parameters, such as mean temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity, for sex pheromones manufactured in Korea. Furthermore, a positive relationship was recorded between the population of M. loreyi and wind speed for the sex pheromone manufactured in Korea. The results of this study suggest that the sex pheromones manufactured in Costa Rica are the best solution for the efficient capture of S. frugiperda and M. loreyi under typical weather conditions in the southern parts of Korea. In addition, the outcomes of this study are discussed in terms of population dynamics and integrated pest management for S. frugiperda and M. loreyi as alternatives to chemical management by maize producers. Further studies related to the continuous improvement in the capture efficiency of both moth species using sex pheromones are now needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.200-203
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• 1994

Spodoptera frugiperda IPLB-SF-21-AE cells were cultivated in a spin-filter bioreactor with continuous perfusion for the recombinant $\beta$-galactosidase production. At the perfusion rate of 0.06 $hr^{-1}$, the maximum cell density of insect cells in this bioreactor system reached 3.5$\times$$l0^6$ viable cells/ml using the Grace media containing 5% FBS and 0.3% Pluronic F-68. The recombinant $\beta$-galactosidase production of 8, 100 units per reactor volume was also achieved at this perfusion rate.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1981

The process of the formation of polyhedra occlusion bodies and occlusion of viral nucleocapsids of Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in Spodoptera frugiperda cell were photomicrographed and described. Progeny viral nucleocapsids were observed in the nuclei of the host cells, bundled and then enveloped. The nucleoapsids were mainly accumulated near the membrane-like profiles. The nuclear membrane were hypertophied up to the cytoplasmic membrane. Prepolyhedral bodies were observed and they were growing with the accumulations of thread-like materials(polypeptides) produced by viral genes. The bundled and enveloped nucleocapsids were occluded into the growing polyhedra.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 1994

Cell-free extracts prepared from cultured insect cells, Spodoptera. frugiperda, were analyzed for activation of early gene transcription of an insect baculovirus, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). The template DNA used for in vitro transcription assays contained promoter sites for the baculovirus genes that have been classified as immediate early ($\alpha$) or early genes. These genes are located in the HindIII-K/Q region of the AcNPV genome. Nuclei isolated from the AcNPV-infected Spodoptera frugiperda cells were also used for in vitro transcription analysis by RNase-mapping the labeled RNA synthesized from in vitro run-on reaction in the isolated nuclei. The genes studied by this technique were p26 and pl0 genes which were classified as delayed early and late gene, respectively. We found that transcription of the genes from the HindIII-K region was accurately initiated and unique in the whole cell extract obtained from uninfected cells, although abundance of the in vitro transcripts was reverse to that of in vivo RNA. With isolated nuclei transcription of the p26 gene was inhibited by $\alpha$-amanitin suggesting that the p26 gene was transcribed by host RNA polymerase II. However, transcription of the pl0 gene in isolated nuclei was not inhibited by $\alpha$-amanitin, but rather stimulated by the inhibitor. We also found that the synthesis of $\alpha$-amanitin-resistant RNA polymerase was begun before 6 hr p.i., the time point at which the onset of viral DNA replication as well as the appearance of a-amanitin-resistant viral transcripts were detected. These studies give us strong evidence to support the previous data that early genes of AcNPV were transcribed by host RNA polymerease III, while transcription of late genes was mediated at least by a novel $\alpha$-amanitin-resistant RNA polymerase.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.660-661
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• 1990

A stable preservation method of extracellular non-occluded virion of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) was studied. AcNPVL-1 strain infected to Spodoptera frugiperda cell line and then the culture media were centrifuged. After centrifugation the supernatant containing extracellular nonoccluded virions of the AcNPV was harvested and incubated at $4^{\circ}C$ . Even after the extracellular nonoccluded virions were incubated at $4^{\circ}C$ for about 11 years, the infectivity and multiplication property of the nonoccluded virions in the S. frugiperda cell line were normal. However the titers of the nonoccluded virions in TC-100 medium measured about 11 years ago decreased from $8.9 \times 10^7\; to \;3.8 \times 10^5$ pfu per ml. The AcNPV genome DNA fragment patterns from digestion with Hind11 and EcoRI restriction endonucleases did not change. The AcNPV nonoccluded virions were stable at $4^{\circ}C$ in the cultured medium of more than 10 years and the preservation of AcNPV nonoccluded virions at $4^{\circ}C$ is easy and useful for handling.