• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.144-151
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of an instrument that measures spiritual needs of families of terminal cancer patients. Methods: This methodological study was processed as follows: 1) The preliminary 26 items were developed based a conceptual framework of spiritual needs of families of patients with cancer. 2) The content was validated by an expert panel (Three nursing professors and five hospice nursing specialists). 3) The instrument was validated by a survey (n=111). 4) Twenty-six items were selected and used for the final version of the scale. Results: Three factors were extracted through factor analysis: 'relationship with God/Acceptance of dying', 'recovery of relationship/hope and peace', and 'meaning and purpose of life'. These factors explained 61.088% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha and Guttman split-half coefficient of the 26 items were 0.944 and 0.826 respectively. Conclusion: This scale was identified as a valid and reliable tool. Therefore, the scale is useful in assessing spiritual needs of families of terminal cancer patients in the field of hospice and palliative care.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.12-18
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to promote the popularization of hospice services by providing the information about the influences of hospice training on participants. We compared differences of pre-training and post-training by use of questionnaire. This study involved 59 volunteers participating in the hospice training held by one hospice center located in K-city. The questionnaire was composed of 41 items, 21 items of general information and 20 items of information about spiritual welling-being. We applied Choi's translated version(1990), originally distributed by Paloutzion and Ellison(1982), in the assessment of participants' changed spiritual welling-being score. Participants were asked to fill out the questionnaire before and after the hospice training. The data were analyzed by frequency, paired t-test. The results were as follows, There were significant differences in participants' spiritual welling-being score. Compared with pretraining(3.51), more spiritual well-being score were improved in post-training(3.69)(t=-2.45, p<.05). The results of this study indicate that hospice training improve spiritual well-being score to the participants. In conclusion, hospice training should be popularized in the near future.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.292-301
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the spiritual well-being and quality of life between hospital and home hospice patients. Methods: A total of 116 patients from 4 hospice hospitals in D city and P city participated in this study from January to April 2012. To measure spiritual well-being, an instrument developed by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982) and revised by Park (2005) was used. To measure quality of life, an instrument developed by Cho (1993) and revised by Sun (2003) was used. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, and ANCOVA. Results: Spiritual well-being and quality of life were higher in home hospice patients than in hospital hospice patients, but they were not statistically significant. Higher education and having religion were significantly related to higher spiritual well-being in both groups. Having religion and pain history for the past one week were significantly related to higher quality of life in both groups. Conclusion: For hospice patients, participation in religious activities needs to be encouraged to improve their spiritual well-being and quality of life. Assessing the hospice patients' pain history with close observation and managing the pain are suggested.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a measuring tool for spiritual care performance of hospice team members. The tool may be utilized for providing hospice patients with more systematic and standardized spiritual tares. Methods: The concept and questions of the tool were developed, and then its validity and reliability were tested. For the validity and reliability tests, a self-reported questionnaire comprising 33 questions with 4 point scale ($1{\sim}4$), was developed, and the data were collected from 192 hospice team members from December 2005 to February 2006. Results: Thirty three questions, drafted through literature review and professional consultation, were reviewed by 20 professionals for their validity, were revised and supplemented resulted in the final 33 questions. The questions with a correlation coefficient grater than .30 were selected: all the 33 questions were selected based on this criterion. The reliability coefficient, Cronbarh's ${\alpha}$, was 0.95. The 33 questions were analyzed for factors, and six factors were extracted: relationship formation and communication, encouragement and promotion of spiritual growth, linking with spiritual resources, preparation of death, evaluation and quality control for spiritual intervention, Intervention, and spiritual assessment for intervention. Conclusion: The tool developed in this study includes six factors and has high level of reliability. This tool Will greatly contribute to assess and improve hospice care services, providing systematic and standardized spiritual cares for terminally ill patients and their families.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.294-305
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide baseline data for the development of an educational program for hospice care for college students. Methods: A survey was conducted at three universities in B city with 143 students from September 5, 2014 through September 26, 2014. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 18 program. This study was approved by IRB. Results: The college students' spiritual well-being was at a medium level. Their attitudes to death were neutral, and perception of hospice care was at a medium level. Most of the participants (93.0%) had no training in hospice care. The participants' awareness of the purpose of hospice care was at a relatively high level. Their awareness of the need for hospice care was at a moderate level. The participants' spiritual well-being and their attitudes to death showed a weak but positive correlation (r=0.179, P=0.030). The relationship between their spiritual well-being and awareness of hospice care were positively correlated (r=0.203, P=0.015). Conclusion: The participants' perception of hospice care was low. Most of them had no experience of hospice care education. Also, the higher the spiritual stability was, the higher the participants' perception of the purpose and the necessity of hospice care was. And their perception of the hospice care varied depending on their family relationship, satisfaction with school life, and cognition of hospice care. Therefore, we need consider these variables to develop a hospice education program to enhance college students' attitudes to death and their perception of hospice care.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7321-7326
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• 2015

As the essence of health in humans, spiritual health is a fundamental concept for discussing chronic diseases such as cancer and a major approach for improving quality of life in patients is through creating meaningfulness and purpose. The present descriptive analytical study was conducted to assess the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life in 210 patients with cancer admitted to the Cancer Institute of Iran, selected through convenience sampling in 2014. Data were collected using Spiritual Health Questionnaire and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ). Patients' performance was assessed through the Karnofsky Performance Status Indicator and their cognitive status through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 using descriptive statistics and stepwise linear regression. The results obtained reported the mean and standard deviation of the patients' spiritual health scoreas $78.4{\pm}16.1$ and the mean and standard deviation of their quality of life score as $58.1{\pm}18.7$. The stepwise linear regression analysis confirmed a positive and significant relationship between spiritual health and quality of life in patients with cancer (${\beta}$=0.688 and r=0.00). The results of the study show that spiritual health should be more emphasized and reinforced as a factor involved in improving quality of life in patients with cancer. Designing care therapies and spiritual interventions is a priority in the treatment of these patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.132-143
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• 2003

Purpose: A descriptive correlation study was done to provide basic data for comprehensive nursing care by analyzing the, relationship between spiritual well-being and death anxiety of the elderly. Method: 358 respondents who lived in facilities for elders such as nursing homes and elder's rehabilitation centers were selected, and their age was over 65 years old. Paloutzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale and Park(1989)'s death Anxiety scale was used. From August 2nd to November 7th, 2002, readymade questionnaires were handed out by the researcher to those who could fill it out and for those who could not fill out the questionnaires alone, the researcher read it and completed it by interview. The data were analyzed with SPSS Win 10.0 program, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation coefficient. Result: 1) The mean score for spiritual well being of the elderly was 43.95 in a possible range of 20-80. The mean score of religious well being was 22.22 and that of existential well being was 21.73 in a possible range of 10 - 40. 2) The mean score for death anxiety of the elderly was 109.04 in a possible range of 34 - 136. 3) There were significant differences in spiritual well being according to religion, and present occupation. 4) There were significant differences in death anxiety according to age, religion, and family status. 5) In testing concerning the relationship between spiritual well being and death anxiety, there was a statistically negative correlation(r=-.70 p=.000). Conclusion: There was a negative correlation between spiritual well being and death anxiety. When the nurse implicates the nursing intervention, which can promote the spiritual well-being, elder's death anxiety also can be released.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.425-436
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• 2000

This study was carried out to assess home health care needs for welfare of solitude elderly person. The subjects of this study were 90 welfare solitude elderly person in Pusan City. Data were obtained by interview and observation using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA with SAS program. The results are as follows. 1. Among the home care nursing needs, environmental nursing needs topped the list, followed by spiritual, physical, psychological, communication & health knowledge and ADL nursing needs. 2. Home care nursing needs showed a significant differences by the general characteristic of the respondents. .In the age, there were significant differences in physical and communication & health knowledge nursing needs. .In the religion, there were significant differences in spiritual nursing needs. .In the marital status, there were significant differences in environmental nursing needs. .In the nursing provider, there were singificant differences in ADL, environmental and communication & health knowledge nursing needs. .In the medical benefit, there were significant differences in ADL, environmental, physical and communication & health knowledge nursing needs. .In the disease, there were significant differences in ADL nursing needs.. .In the household maintenance, there were significant differences in environmental nursing needs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6331-6334
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• 2015

Background: The main purpose of this study was to survey the education and training of certified gynecologic oncologists and fellows in Thailand. A secondary objective was to study the problems in fellowship training regarding palliative care for gynecologic cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted by sending a questionnaire regarding palliative care education to all certified gynecologic oncologists and gynecologic oncology fellows in Thailand. The contents of the survey included fellowship training experience, caring for the dying, patient preparation, attitudes and respondent characteristics. Statistics were analyzed by percentage, mean and standard deviation and chi-square. Results: One hundred seventy completed questionnaires were returned; the response rate was 66%. Most certified gynecologic oncologists and fellows in gynecologic oncology have a positive attitude towards palliative care education, and agree that "psychological distress can result in severe physical suffering". It was found that the curriculum of gynecologic oncology fellowship training equally emphasizes three aspects, namely managing post-operative complications, managing a patient at the end of life and managing a patient with gynecologic oncology. As for experiential training during the fellowship of gynecologic oncology, education regarding breaking bad news, discussion about goals of care and procedures for symptoms control were mostly on-the-job training without explicit teaching. In addition, only 42.9 % of respondents were explicitly taught the coping skill for managing their own stress when caring for palliative patients during fellowship training. Most of respondents rated their clinical competency for palliative care in the "moderately well prepared" level, and the lowest score of the competency was the issue of spiritual care. Conclusions: Almost all certified gynecologic oncologists and fellows in gynecologic oncology have a positive attitude towards learning and teaching in palliative care. In this study, some issues were identified for improving palliative care education such as proper training under the supervision of a mentor, teaching how to deal with work stress, competency in spiritual care and attitudes on responsibility for bereavement care.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Nursing ethics education(NE) on Spiritual well-being(SW), Attitude toward death(AD) and Perception of hospice palliative care(PH) in nursing students. This research used a one group pretest-posttest experimental design. Thirty hours NE program was given to 42 nursing students for six weeks. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test with SPSS 18.0. program. As a result, there are no significant effects of NE on SW, AD and PH. However, it was found one thing interest that neither our nursing ethics education program nor others' had significant effects on attitude toward death. Nurses provide care to people at the end of their lives more often than any other healthcare provider. Therefore it is necessary to study the development of educational programs improving positive attitude toward death.