• 터널과지하공간
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2009

이 연구는 지보재로서 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 록 볼트와 새로운 지보 형태인 스파이럴 볼트에 대한 지보특성을 비교하여 두 지보재의 지보효과를 평가하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 시멘트-모르타르 그라우트의 양생기간이 7일과 28일에 대한 록 볼트와 스파이럴 볼트의 실내인발시험을 실시하였으며, 각 시험결과로부터 인발하중, 변위 그리고 구속압, 내부압, 전단응력 등을 각각 구하였다. 인발하중에 대한 변위의 관계를 보면 각각의 양생기간에 대해서 스파이럴 볼트의 변위가 록 볼트에 비해 크게 나타나는데, 이것은 록 볼트의 역학적 성질이 스파이럴 볼트보다 크기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 또한 양생기간이 길 경우 두 지보재의 변위는 거의 동일하거나 감소하는 경향을 보이는데, 그 원인은 양생기간에 따라 그라우트의 압축강도가 증가하므로 지보재와 시멘트-모르타르 그라우트 사이의 부착력이 증가하기 때문으로 사료된다. 구속압을 비교한 결과 동일한 인발하중단계에서 스파이럴 볼트의 구속압이 록 볼트보다 크게 나타났다. 이러한 사실은 같은 조건하에 있는 지반이나 암반에 지보재를 설치 할 경우 시공성 측면에서 스파이럴 볼트가 록 볼트보다 지반이나 암반의 안정성을 확보하는데 더 효과적임을 지시한다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 같은 조건하에 있는 지반이나 암반에 지보재를 설치할 경우 새로운 형태의 지보재인 스파이럴 볼트가 기존의 지보재인 록 볼트보다 인발하중과 구속압을 더 크게 발휘하는 것으로 사료된다. 아울러, 지보재에 있어서 경제성, 현장에서의 지보재 시공성 뿐만 아니라 지보재 설치 전후의 지반이나 암반의 안정성 측면 등을 고려할 때 스파이럴 볼트가 록 볼트에 비하여 더 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.137-158
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• 2009

This paper investigates the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) circular columns under combined loading including torsion. The main variables considered in this study are the ratio of torsional moment to bending moment (T/M) and the level of detailing for moderate and high seismicity (low and high transverse reinforcement/spiral ratio). This paper presents the results of tests on seven columns subjected to cyclic bending and shear, cyclic torsion, and various levels of combined cyclic bending, shear, and torsion. Columns under combined loading were tested at T/M ratios of 0.2 and 0.4. These columns were reinforced with two spiral reinforcement ratios of 0.73% and 1.32%. Similarly, the columns subjected to pure torsion were tested with two spiral reinforcement ratios of 0.73% and 1.32%. This study examined the significance of proper detailing, and spiral reinforcement ratio and its effect on the torsional resistance under combined loading. The test results demonstrate that both the flexural and torsional capacities are decreased due to the effect of combined loading. Furthermore, they show a significant change in the failure mode and deformation characteristics depending on the spiral reinforcement ratio. The increase in spiral reinforcement ratio also led to significant improvement in strength and ductility.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2018

A rotational drawing die which can form a long tube with spiral grooves on the surface is presented. The main feature of the proposed die is a rotation insert that is embedded into the die container for the die to freely rotate with respect to the drawing centerline as the materials are drawn. We employed a three-dimensional finite element model to investigate the effects of the rotational die on the material filling of spiral grooves. The material used in the finite element analysis was stainless 304. We also performed a pilot drawing test to verify the usefulness of the proposed rotational drawing die. Results reveal that the material filling of spiral grooves by the proposed rotational drawing die was in good agreement for both the finite element analysis and the drawing test. We found that the underfill in a conventional drawing die was reduced in the proposed rotational drawing die.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to investigate the short-term effects of spiral taping (ST) on performance on the star excursion balance test (SEBT) in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability (CAI). Methods: This study was single-group pre - post measures experimental design. The subjects with CAI were 39 (range, 20-31 years; male 16, females 23) were enrolled in the study. The discomfort had in unilateral ankle and Cumberland ankle instability score was 19.56 (${\pm}3.29$). Spiral tape (a width of 3 mm) was applied $3{\times}4$ cross shape on medial malleolus, lateral malleolus and dorsal of talocural joint of unstable ankle. SEBT was measured baseline and 30 min later in stable ankle and unstable ankle. Results: SEBT showed significantly improved after applying the ST (p<0.05, ES=0.74) on unstable ankle. In comparison the difference of stable and unstable ankle, between the pretest and posttest were significant differences (p<0.01, ES=1.88). Conclusion: These results indicated that ST improves performance on the SEBT. Therefore, it suggests that ST may be a suitable intervention to dynamic balance in patients with CAI.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2022

The amount and configuration of transverse reinforcement are known as critical parameters that significantly affect the lateral confinement of concrete, the ductility capacity, and the plastic hinge length of RC columns. Based on test results, this study investigated the effect of the three variables on structural indexes such as neutral axis depth, lateral expansion of concrete, and ductility capacity. Five reinforced concrete column specimens were tested under cyclic flexure and shear while simultaneously subjected to a constant axial load. The columns were reinforced by two types of reinforcing steel: rectangular hoops and spiral type reinforcing bars. The variables in the test program were the shape, diameter, and yield strength of transverse reinforcement. The interactive influence of the amount of transverse reinforcement on the structural indexes was evaluated. Test results showed that when amounts of transverse reinforcement were similar, and yield strength of transverse reinforcement was 600 MPa or less, the neutral axis depth of a column with spiral type reinforcing bars was reduced by 28% compared with that of a column reinforced by existing rectangular hoops at peak strength. While the diagonal elements of spiral-type reinforcing bars significantly contributed to the lateral confinement of concrete, the strain of diagonal elements decreased with increases of their yield strength. It was confirmed that shapes of transverse reinforcement significantly affected the lateral confinement of concrete adjacent to plastic hinges. Transverse reinforcement with a yield strength exceeding 600 MPa, however, increased the neutral axis depth of normal-strength concrete columns at peak strength, resulting in reductions in ductility and energy dissipation capacity.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2009

It is necessary for navigator to understand sufficiently maneuverabilities based on experiences and the data which were gotten from several tests of the ship when he maneuver his vessel. By the way most navigators used to rely on his experiences or feelings only maneuvering ship. But when he encounters situations he did not experience before he may be in difficulties. So navigator must get both experiences and data based on experimental results. In this paper author performs several tests such as turning test, Zig-zag test and spiral test to provide informations of maneuverabilities for navigators. The obtained results are as follows: There occurs almost no difference in size of the turning circle by the changes of ship's speeds. The scale of the turning circle was decreased exponentially when the rudder angle was increased. The maneuverabilities is better turning to starboard side than to port side. Maneuverabilities are more effective when the rudder is used to small angle than to large angle. As a result of spiral test course stability was comparatively seemed to be good.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.567-575
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• 2018

본 연구는 나선형 파일을 이용한 말뚝기초에 관한 연구이다. 구조물이 안전하게 유지되기 위해서는 지반과 지상구조물을 연결해주는 기초가 필요하다. 그러나 인접 구조물이나 도시 지역에 기초를 건설할 때, 소음 및 진동 등에 의해 문제가 발생한다. 이러한 단점을 보안하기 위해 저진동, 저소음의 새로운 형상인 스파이럴 기초에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 스파이럴 기초에 관한 연구는 축소모형실험을 수행하였으며, Meyerhof의 지지력 이론식 결과와 비교하였다. 말뚝기초 모형의 나선형 말뚝은 각기 다른 피치각도 및 길이 별로 제작 되었으며, 하중재하실험을 통하여 지지력을 측정 하였다. 축소모형실험 결과 나선형 말뚝의 피치 각도 및 길이가 증가 할수록 지지력이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 실험에서 측정된 결과를 검증하기 위해 이론적 결과를 도입하여 실제 나선형 말뚝과 축소 제작된 말뚝의 지지력을 비교 검토 하였다. 연구결과를 통해 스파이럴 기초의 극한 지지력을 증가시키기 위해서는 기초의 길이와 피치각도를 증가시키는 것이 타당하다고 판단된다. 본 연구를 수행함으로써 기존의 기초건설 문제를 보완하고, 기초건설에 대하여 우수한 효과와 안전성 확보에 기여하고자 한다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.79.3-79.3
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• 2019

Observational evidence for intrinsic galaxy alignments in isolated spiral pairs is presented. From the catalog of the galaxy groups identified by Tempel et al. in the flux-limited galaxy sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10, we select those groups consisting only of two spiral galaxies as isolated spiral pairs and investigate if and how strongly the spin axes of their two spiral members are aligned with each other. We detect a clear signal of intrinsic spin alignment in isolated spiral pairs, which leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis at the 99.9999% confidence level via the Rayleigh test. It is also found that those isolated pairs comprising two early-type spiral galaxies exhibit the strongest signal of intrinsic spin alignment and that the strength of the alignment signal depends on the angular separation distance as well as on the luminosity ratio of the member galaxies. Using the dark matter halos consisting of only two subhalos resolved in the EAGLE hydrodynamic simulations, we repeat the same analysis but fail to find any alignment tendency between the spin angular momentum vectors of the stellar components of the subhalos, which is in tension with the observational result. Several possible sources of this apparent inconsistency between the observational and the numerical results are discussed.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 2019

Observational evidence for intrinsic galaxy alignments in isolated spiral pairs is presented. From the catalog of the galaxy groups identified by Tempel et al. in the flux-limited galaxy sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10, we select those groups consisting only of two spiral galaxies as isolated spiral pairs and investigate if and how strongly the spin axes of their two spiral members are aligned with each other. We detect a clear signal of intrinsic spin alignment in isolated spiral pairs, which leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis at the 99.9999% confidence level via the Rayleigh test. It is also found that those isolated pairs comprising two early-type spiral galaxies exhibit the strongest signal of intrinsic spin alignment and that the strength of the alignment signal depends on the angular separation distance as well as on the luminosity ratio of the member galaxies. Using the dark matter halos consisting of only two subhalos resolved in the EAGLE hydrodynamic simulations, we repeat the same analysis but fail to find any alignment tendency between the spin angular momentum vectors of the stellar components of the subhalos, which is in tension with the observational result. Several possible sources of this apparent inconsistency between the observational and the numerical results are discussed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.171-172
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• 2012

In this study the continuous rectangular spiral hoop is used for saving cost and time, solving manpower shortage, and the quality of structures. Generally the use of continuous spiral reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements improve the strength and the ductility of the concrete. Savings in cost and time is demonstrated with the continuous rectangular spiral hoop through the mock up test of beam and column elements. In case of a 4m column element the time of rebar work decreases up to 40% compared with traditional hoop, and in case of a 8m beam the time also decreases 40%. This study present the construction method and details.