• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the gender difference during standing balance in accordance with recruitment of abdominal muscles against sudden support surface translation. Methods: Twenty healthy males (n = 10, $26.50{\pm}3.54$ years, $170.60{\pm}6.30cm$, $72.80{\pm}5.69kg$) and females (n = 10, $24.40{\pm}2.63$ years, $163.00{\pm}4.97cm$, $52.10{\pm}4.41kg$) participated in the study. Each subject performed standing balance task on a platform, which moved in the anterior and posterior direction, with a total of 18 trials in three abdominal conditions (resting, hollowing, and bracing). We analyzed angular displacement of thoracic and lumbar spine and linear displacement of center of mass for evaluatione of spinal stability and standing balance, respectively. Results: Angular displacement of thoracic and lumbar spine and linear displacement of center of mass did not differ significantly between female and male in all conditions. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the ability to maintain spinal stability and standing balance were similar between male and female regardless of the abdominal contractile conditions and the direction of support surface translation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure changes in spine inclination and thoracolumbar structure and morphology according to upper-extremity movements with and without resistance in order to evaluate the spine stability in workers. METHODS: Forty-eight middle-aged male workers (mean age, 40.48 ± 6.27 years) participated in this study. Using the spine analysis system, changes in the inclination of the spine and structure as well as shape of the thoracolumbar spine were measured. For posture measurement, the postures of standing, lifting the right and left arms (shoulder joint 90° flexion), and lifting with both arms were measured in random order. In addition, variables were measured using a resistance of 3 kg for each posture. The statistical significance level was set at α = .05 for all variables. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the front and back inclinations of the spine, kyphotic curve of the thoracic spine, lordotic curve of the lumbar spine, rotation changes in the thoracolumbar spine, and rotation changes in the T4 vertebra (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the left and right tilts of the spine. In the post-hoc analysis, rotation changes in the T4 vertebra showed a significant difference in posture when resistance was applied to the left and right sides CONCLUSION: Causes of musculoskeletal diseases include excessive thoracic spine rotation, torsion, and hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the working environment in order to ensure a healthy posture and prevent musculoskeletal diseases that can reduce the ability to carry various and/or excessive loads.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2010

The management of lower cervical fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) differs from normal cervical fractures. Patients with AS are highly susceptible to extensive neurologic injuries and spinal deformities after cervical fractures from even minor traumatic forces. These injuries are uniquely complex, require careful imaging assessment, and aggressive surgical management to optimize spinal stability and functional outcomes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1425-1426
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• 2015

Core spine muscle are related are associated with trunk stability and play a main role for the prevention of low back pain. In this study, it was investigated the effect of spine stabilization exercise device on core spinal muscles using a musculoskeletal model The forward direction of the tilt mainly induced the activation of long and superficial back muscles and the backward affected the front muscles. It was shown that spine stabilization exercise device can induce significant core muscle exercise effect.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1926-1930
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• 2004

We suggest a turning gait planning of a quadruped walking robot with an articulated spine. Robot developer has tried to implement a gait more similar to that of natural animals with high stability margin. Therefore, so many types of walking robot with reasonable gait have been developed. But there is a big difference with a natural animal walking motion. A key point is the fact that natural animals use their waist-oint(articulated spine) to walk. For example, a crocodile which has short legs relative to a long body uses their waist to walk more quickly and to turn more effectively. The other animals such as tiger, dog and so forth, also use their waist. Therefore, this paper proposes discontinuous turning gait planning for a newly modeled quadruped walking robot with an articulated spine which connects the front and rear parts of the body. Turning gait is very important as same as straight gait. All animals need a turning gait to avoid obstacle or to change walking direction. Turning gait has mainly two types of gaits; circular gait and spinning gait. We apply articulated spine to above two gaits, which shows the majority of an articulated spine more effectively. Firstly, we describe a kinematic relation of a waist-joint, the hip, and the center of gravity of body, and then apply a spinning gait. Next, we apply a waist-joint to a circular gait. We compare a gait stability margin with that of a conventional single rigid body walking robot. Finally, we show the validity of a proposed gait with simulation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.578-581
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• 2015

A rigid spino-pelvic fixation to anchor long constructs is crucial to maintain the stability of long fusion in spinal deformity surgery. Besides obtaining immediate stability and proper biomechanical strength of constructs, the S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screws have some more advantages. Four Korean fresh-frozen human cadavers were procured. Free hand S2AI screw placement is performed using anatomic landmarks. The starting point of the S2AI screw is located at the midpoint between the S1 and S2 foramen and 2 mm medial to the lateral sacral crest. Gearshift was advanced from the desired starting point toward the sacro-iliac joint directing approximately $20^{\circ}$ angulation caudally in sagittal plane and $30^{\circ}$ angulation horizontally in the coronal plane connecting the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). We made a S2AI screw trajectory through the cancellous channel using the gearshift. We measured caudal angle in the sagittal plane and horizontal angle in the coronal plane. A total of eight S2AI screws were inserted in four cadavers. All screws inserted into the iliac crest were evaluated by C-arm and naked eye examination by two spine surgeons. Among 8 S2AI screws, all screws were accurately placed (100%). The average caudal angle in the sagittal plane was $17.3{\pm}5.4^{\circ}$. The average horizontal angle in the coronal plane connecting the PSIS was $32.0{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$. The placement of S2AI screws using the free hand technique without any radiographic guidance appears to an acceptable method of insertion without more radiation or time consuming.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1069-1077
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• 2018

Study Design: A case study. Purpose: To assess the chronological changes of the disease-related kyphosis after chemotherapy alone, secondly to clarify the role of growth cartilage in the healed lesion on kyphosis change, and to define the accurate prediction time in assessing residual kyphosis. Overview of Literature: None of the previous papers up to now dealt with the residual kyphosis, stability and remodeling processes of the affected segments. Methods: One hundred and one spinal tuberculosis children with various stages of disease processes, age 2 to 15 years, were the subject materials, between 1971 to 2010. They were treated with two different chemotherapy formula: before 1975, 18 months of triple chemotherapy (isoniazid [INH], para-aminosalicylic acid, streptomycin); and since 1976, 12 months triple chemotherapy (INH, rifampicin, ethambutol, or pyrazinamide). The first assessment at post-chemotherapy one year and at the final discharge time from the follow-up (36 months at minimum and 20 years at maximum) were analyzed by utilizing the images effect of the remaining growth plate cartilage on chronological changes of kyphosis after initiation of chemotherapy. Results: Complete disc destruction at the initial examination were observed in two (5.0%) out of 40 cervical spine, eight (26.7%) out of 30 dorsal spine, and six (19.4%) out of 31 lumbosacral spine. In all those cases residual kyphosis developed inevitably. In the remainders the discs were partially preserved or remained intact. Among 101 children kyphosis was maintained without change in 20 (19.8%), while kyphosis decreased in 14 children (13.7%), and increased in 67 children (66.3%) with non-recoverably damaged growth plate, respectively. Conclusions: It could tentatively be possible to predict the deformity progress or non-progress and spontaneous correction at the time of initial treatment, but it predictive accuracy was low. Therefore, assessment of the trend of kyphotic change is recommended at the end of chemotherapy. In children with progressive curve change, the deformity assessment should be continued till the maturity.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.14
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• 2024

Background: Sufficient surgical resection is necessary for effective tumor control, but is usually limited for vertebral tumors, especially in the cervical spine in small animal neurosurgery. Objective: To evaluate the primary stability and safety of customized three-dimensional (3D)-printed implants for cervical spine reconstruction after total vertebrectomy. Methods: Customized guides and implants were designed based on computed tomography (CT) imaging of five beagle cadavers and were 3D-printed. They were used to reconstruct C5 after total vertebrectomy. Postoperative CT images were obtained to evaluate the safety and accuracy of screw positioning. After harvesting 10 vertebral specimens (C3-C7) from intact (group A) and implanted spines (group B), implant stability was analyzed using a 4-point bending test comparing with groups A and C (reconstituted with plate and pins/polymethylmethacrylate after testing in Group A). Results: All customized implants were applied without gross neurovascular damage. In addition, 90% of the screws were in a safe area, with 7.5% in grade 1 (< 1.3 mm) and 2.5% in grade 2 (> 1.3 mm). The mean entry point and angular deviations were 0.81 ± 0.43 mm and 6.50 ± 5.11°, respectively. Groups B and C significantly decreased the range of motion (ROM) in C3-C7 compared with intact spines (p = 0.033, and 0.018). Both groups reduced overall ROM and neutral zone in C4-C6, but only group B showed significance (p = 0.005, and 0.027). Conclusion: Customized 3D-printed implants could safely and accurately replace a cervical vertebra in dog cadavers while providing primary stability.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2020

In this study, we evaluated spinal stability based on the change in the thoracolumbar fixation segment using finite element analysis (FEA). To accomplish this, a finite element (FE) model of a normal thoracolumbar spine (T10-L4), including intervertebral discs (IVD), ligaments, and facet joints, was constructed, and the material properties reported in previous studies were implemented. However, L1 was assumed as the lesion site, and three types of posterior fixation, namely, L1-L2, T12-L2, and T12-L1-L2, were implemented in the thoracolumbar FE model. In addition, the loading conditions for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were adopted. Through the series FEA, the deformation, equivalent stress, range of motion, and moment on the pedicle screws, vertebrae, and IVD were calculated, and the spinal stability was evaluated based on the FEA results.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.143-147
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the application of a Thorax belt affects the stability of the spine in subjects with a wide infra-sternal angle. A total of 15 subject with wide infra-sternal angle participated in the experiment. Active Double leg lowering and active one-leg raising were performed with or without a thorax belt. Two spinal stability tests (active double lowering and active one-leg raising) performed with or without thorax belt application showed significant differences between each condition. Based on the results of present study, the application of a thorax belt is considered to be an effective therapeutic tool that can stabilize the spine to subjects with abnormally increased chest cage and spinal or trunk instability.