• Applied Microscopy
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.109-124
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• 1993

The prenatal development of thoracic spinal cord was studied by electron microscope in human embryos and fetuses ranging from 9mm to 260mm crown-rump length (5-30 weeks of gestational age). Ependymal cells in all fetal ages had conspicuous junctional complexes close to the lumen of the central canal into which microvilli and cilia projected. The ependymal cells contained numerous longitudinally arranged mitochondria, flattened cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. At 20 mm embryo, the floor and roof plates were composed of ependymoglial cells and undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells. The neuroepithelia of the sacral spinal cord were delineated from central medullary cord. By 100 mm fetus few undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells remained in the floor and roof plates. At 150 mm fetus, the whole central canal was formed by ciliated columnar epithelial cells containing cilia with basal bodies. The microvilli became tangled and club-shaped and formed a matted surface. The canal was filled with areas of dark and pale amorphous materials bounded by membrane-like structure. These two types of material were found throughout the whole central canal from 100 mm fetus onwards. By 260 mm fetus, microfibrils were first observed in the ependymal cells. In conclusion, it seems that early development and differentiation of central canal ependyma are simlar to that in other part of the brain ventricular system although ependymoglial cells are more prominent.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.408-410
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• 2007

"Paradoxical deterioration" during antituberculous therapy is generally defined as the clinical or radiological worsening of pre-existing tuberculous lesions or the development of new lesions in a patient who initially improves. The phenomenon of paradoxical deterioration in intramedullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord is rare and is a less established entity. The authors present an unusual case of paraparesis as a result of paradoxical deterioration of intramedullary tuberculoma despite adequate antituberculous therapy. Here, we review the relevant literatures and discuss its possible pathogenic mechanisms.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

Purpose: We measured the knowledge, satisfaction, and education needs in sexual rehabilitation of male patients diagnosed with a spinal cord injury. Methods: We recruited 104 patients from a general rehabilitation hospital. Data were collected between April 4 and May 9, 2008. Knowledge of sexual rehabilitation, satisfaction, and educational needs were measured using self-report questionnaires. Results: Points for knowledge of sexual rehabilitation were 6.75 out of 20, sexual satisfaction was 3.02 out of 5, and demand for sexual rehabilitation education were 3.54 out of 5. Most (93.27%) of the patients wanted to have a sex life, and many (75%)were willing to participate in sexual rehabilitation education. There were no differences in knowledge or satisfaction based on general characteristics. However, sexual satisfaction of the university graduates was higher than the lower education group. Conclusion: Male patients with spinal cord disorders are interested in a sex life and demand sexual rehabilitation education. These findings should support the development of sexual rehabilitation programs.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge and practice of the Clean Intermittent Self Catheterization (CIC) conducted by Spinal Cord Injury Patients (SPIC) or their significant others as an activity of daily living at their homes or working places. Forty-seven patients were participated in this study. Three questionnaires developed by researchers for this study were used to collect demographic data, knowledge and practice skill of CIC. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Nineteen (19) patients experienced Urinary Track Infection (UTI) during the last one years and two of them have had several times of UTI. Knowledge level of the participant was not high enough to perform correct CIC. Some evidences indicated that the knowledge did not apply to their practice. Systematic analysis and development of educational content based on this study results was recommended and the systematic instructional design before actual patient education was strongly recommended.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

본 연구는 척수손상 작업치료 가이드라인의 개발에 앞서 척수손상환자에게 적용하고 있는 작업치료 실태와 임상에서 요구하는 가이드라인의 범위를 알아봄으로써 이에 따른 필요성의 제기 및 근거 기반 재활 중재 서비스 체계 구축을 위한 것으로 동일 분야 연구에 활용이 있을 것으로 사료 된다. 조사방법으로는 현재 작업치료사가 근무하는 기관을 중심으로 작업치료사 112명을 대상으로 2019년 10월 3일부터 17일 까지 총 15일간 설문조사 하였다. 그 결과 임상에서 주로 사용되는 중재방법에는 신체활동훈련 106명(94.6%), 일상생활동작훈련 96명(85.7%), 교육-카운슬링-정보제공 44명(39.3%), 보호자 교육 39명(34.8%)순으로 조사되었다. 연구결과를 통해 작업치료 가이드라인의 인식과 임상적 요구를 확인하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2021

본 연구는 남성 척수손상 장애인의 성적 자신감 증진을 위한 성교육 프로그램 개발 및 효과 평가를 위해 시도된 비동등성 대조군 전후설계의 유사실험 연구이다. 성교육 프로그램은 Dick & Carey의 체제적 교수설계 모형을 활용하여 문헌고찰, 초점집단 심층면접, 전문가 간담회, 사전연구를 통해 개발되었다. 본 연구 참여자는 실험군30명, 대조군 30명으로 편의할당 되었고, 실험군에게 주 1회 90~120분간의 1차시씩 총 3차시로 구성된 성교육 프로그램을 제공하였다. 실험군과 대조군에게 사전, 사후, 추가 4주 후에 성지식, 성태도, 결혼의지를 측정하였고, 사후 성지식(p<.001), 성태도(p=.020) 점수에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램은 남성 척수손상 장애인의 성지식과 성태도를 긍정적으로 변화시켰으며, 간호중재 프로그램으로 유용하였을 뿐 아니라 본 연구는 장애인에 대한 사회적 인식환기 및 보건교육의 기초자료로서 의의가 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.455-465
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• 2001

Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) is one of the intermediate filaments, and used as an astrocyte detection marker. GFAP distribution has been studied on the fetal, neonatal and aged brains. In this study, the GFAP immunoreactive cell localization and distribution in the fetal (30, 45, 60, 90, 105 and 120 days of gestation) and neonate spinal cords of Korean native goat were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Nonpolar radial glial cells initiated to appear at 45 days of gestation. GFAP-immunoreactive processes were extended from central canal to pia matter. Bipolar immumoreactive cells were transformed to monopolar and multipolar immunoreactive cells at 45 days of gestation. Multipolar astrocytes of 60 days of gestation were found within white and gray matters of spinal cord. The number of GFAP-immunoreactive cells were gradually decreased from 90 days of gestation until newborn neonate. The intensity of GFAP immunoreactivity was gradually decreased from 95 days of gestation until newborn neonate. These results suggest that the radial glial cells within the gray and white matters of spinal cord are very fast developed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

Background: The adrenergic nervous system in the spinal cord contributes to the development of neuropathic pain after nerve injury. Brain derived neurotrophic factor may facilitate the sympathetic change in the spinal cord and influence the state of neuropathic pain. We probed the effect of chronic repetitive administration of systemic 4-methylcatechol, which is known to be a neurotrophic factor inducer, in a spinal nerve ligation model. Methods: We made the rat neuropathic pain model by the ligation of the L5 spinal nerve. Intraperitoneal 4-methylcatechol ($10{\mu}g/kg$) or the same volume of saline wasadministrated twice daily just after the operation for 7 days. The tactile allodynia was measured by using von Frey filaments and its change was followed up from 3 days after SNL. The lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal cord was taken out and the mRNA contents of the ${\alpha}_2-adrenoceptor$ subtypes were measured by real time polymerase chain reaction and this was then compared with the control groups. The antiallodynic effect of intrathecal clonidine (3, 10, $30{\mu}g$) was evaluated and compared in the 4-methylcatechol treated rats and the control rats. Results: The expression of the ${\alpha}_{2A}$ and ${\alpha}_{2C}$ adrenoceptor subtypes did not change after 4-methylcatechol treatment. Intrathecal clonidine showed an earlier and better effect at the highest dose ($30{\mu}g$ intrathecal), but not with any other doses. Conclusions: Chronic intraperitoneal administration of 4-methylcatechol may improve the effect of intrathecal clonidine, but we could not prove the increase of ${\alpha}_{2A}$ and ${\alpha}_{2C}$ adrenoceptors in the spinal cord of 4-methylcatechol treated rats.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2003

The experiments were designated to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effect of low power laser stimulation on acupoint or non-acupoint using arthrogenic solution induced poly arthritis animal model. Evaluation of potential antinociceptive effect of low power laser on arthritis has employed measurements of the foot bending test, the development of either thermal or mechanical hyperalgesia following the arthritis induction. The analysis of thermal hyperalgesia includes Hargreaves's method. Randall-Sellitto test was utilized for evaluating mechanical hyperalgesia. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of low power laser stimulation on arthritis induced spinal Fos expression was analyzed using a computerized image analysis system. The results were summerized as follows: 1. In laser stimulation on acupoint treated animal, laser stimulation dramatically inhibited the development of pain in foot bending test as compared to those of non acupoint treated animal group and non treated animal group. 2. The threshold of thermal stimulation was significantly increased by low power laser stimulation on acupoint as compared to that of non treated control group. 3. Laser stimulation on acupoint dramatically attenuated the development of mechanical hyperalgesia as compared to that of non treated group. 4. Low power laser stimulation on acupoint significantly suppressed arthritis induced Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord at 3 week post arthritis induction. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that low power laser stimulation on acupoint has potent anti-nociceptive effect on arthritis. Additional supporting data for an antinociceptive effect of laser stimulation was obtained using Fos immunohistochemical analysis on spinal cord section. Those data indicated that laser stimulation induced antinociception was mediated by suppression of spinal neuron activity in pain sensation.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.14-23
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• 2002

Development of oligodendrocytes and the generation of myelin internodes within the spinal cord depends on regional signals derived from the notochord and axonally derived signals. Neuregulin (NRG)-1, localized in the floor plate as well as in motor and sensory neurons, is necessary for normal oligodendrocyte development. Oligodendrocytes respond to NRGs by activating members of the erbB receptor tyrosine kinase family. Here, we show that erbB2 is not necessary for the early stages of oligodendrocyte precursor development, but is essential for proligodendroblasts to differentiate into galactosylcerebroside-positive (GalC+) oligodendrocytes. In the presence of erbB2, oligodendrocyte development is normal. In the absence of erbB2 (erbB2-/-), however, oligodendrocyte development is halted at the proligodendroblast stage with a >10-fold reduction in the number of GalC+ oligodendrocytes. ErbB2 appears to function in the transition of proligodendroblast to oligodendrocyte by transducing a terminal differentiation signal, since there is no evidence of increased oligodendrocyte death in the absence of erbB2. Furthermore, known survival signals for oligodendrocytes increase oligodendrocyte numbers in the presence of erbB2, but fail to do so in the absence of erbB2. Of the erbB2-/- oligodendrocytes that do differentiate, all fail to ensheath neurites. These data suggest that erbB2 is required for the terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes and for development of myelin.