• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.617-627
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• 2006

Statement of problem: HA has been used as a coating material on Ti implants to improve osteoconductivity. However. it is difficult to form uniform HA coatings on implants with complex surface geometries using a plasma spraying technique. Purpose : To determine if Ti6Al4V sintered porous-surfaced implants coated with HA sol-gel coated and hydrothermal treated would accelerate osseointegration. Materials and Methods : Porous implants which were made by electric discharge were used in this study. Implants were anodized and hydrothermal treatment or HA sol-gel coating was performed. Hydrothermal treatment was conducted by high pressure steam at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours using a autoclave. To make a HA sol, triethyl phosphite and calcium nitrate were diluted and dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and mixed. Then anodized implant were spin-coated with the prepared HA sols and heat treated. Samples were soaked in the Hanks solution with pH 7.4 at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks. The microstructure of the specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the composition of the surface layer was analyzed with an energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). Results : The scanning electron micrographs of HA sol-gel coated and hydrothermal treated surface did not show any significant change in the size or shape of the pores. After immersion in Hanks' solution the precipitated HA crystals covered macro- and micro-pores The precipitated Ca and P increased in Hanks' solution that surface treatment caused increased activity. Conclusion : This study shows that sol-gel coated HA and hydrothermal treatment significantly enhance the rate of HA formation due to the altered surface chemistry.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

In this study, the properties of polypropylene(PP) non-woven fabric spun under various conditions by the Melt-blown method were verified, and the deodorant content and deodorization of PP non-woven fabric after deodorant-treatment were investigated. PP non-woven fabrics are manufactured by varying the temperature of spin beam, hot air temperature and amount, the RPM of collector R/O and the distance between collector and spinneret, which affects the structure of the non-woven fabric. After that, the structural characteristics and air permeability of the non-woven fabric were measured. The experimental results show that the amount of air, the distance between the collector and the spinneret significantly affect the structural characteristics and air permeability of the PP non-woven fabric. And, regardless of the weight of the PP non-woven fabric, the deodorizing effect of UiO-66 MOF deodorant add-on ratio and content was higher.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.166-175
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• 2005

Health effects associated with metal working fluid (MWF) exposures include dermatitis, respiratory disease, hypersensitive pneumonitis, and asthma. Frequently, occupational exposures to MWFs are controlled by ventilating an enclosure with an air cleaning unit that includes a fan preceded by various kinds of filtration. There are several kinds of air cleaning units used in machining centers. But the associated troubles have hindered from efficiently using these devices. The main problem is the relatively short period of filter replacement. The reason is that the air cleaning units usually do not have the de-oiling systems, thus leading the earlier clogging of filters and reducing the flow rate of hood. Thus, the first stage of study was conducted to overcome this problem by developing the new oil mist collector equipped with the easy de-oiling system. The principle of de-oiling is that the centrifugal force generated by spinning the drum covered by filter fabric separates oils from the filter fabric. It would be very similar to the spin-dry laundry. By adopting this de-oiling technique, the problems associated with the conventional oil mist collectors could be solved. Several tests/analyses were performed to make the lab-scale oil mist collector. The collection efficiencies and the de-oiling efficiencies of commercially available filter fabrics were tested. Subsequently, the endurance test were conducted by observing SEM photos of filter fabrics and measuring tensile strength/expansion coefficient after spinning the filter drum for 20 minutes at the different rotation speeds. By doing these experiments, the most appropriate filter fabric and rotation speed/duration were selected. Finally, the new oil mist collector was designed. In the near future, this device must be tested in the real machining center.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2011

The current test methods are insufficient to evaluate and ensure the safety and reliability of vehicle system for all possible dynamic situation including the worst case such as rollover, spin-out and so on. Although the known NHTSA Sine with dwell steering maneuvers are applied for the vehicle performance assessment, they aren't enough to estimate other possible worst case scenarios. Therefore, it is crucial for us to verify the various worst cases including the existing severe steering maneuvers. This paper includes useful worst case based upon the existing worst case scenarios mentioned above and worst case evaluation for vehicle dynamic controller in simulation basis and UCC HILS. The only human steering angle is selected as a design parameter here and optimized to maximize the index function to be expressed in terms of both yaw rate and side slip angle. The obtained scenarios were enough to generate the worst case to meet NHTSA worst case definition. It has been concluded that the new procedure in this paper is adequate to create other feasible worst case scenarios for a vehicle dynamic control system.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The current test methods are insufficient to evaluate and ensure the safety and reliability of vehicle system for all possible dynamic situation including the worst case such as rollover, spin-out and so on. Although the known NHTSA J-turn and Fish-hook steering maneuvers are applied for the vehicle performance assessment, they aren't enough to estimate other possible worst case scenarios. Therefore, it is crucial for us to verify the various worst cases including the existing severe steering maneuvers. This paper includes the procedure to search for other useful worst case based upon the existing worst case scenarios mentioned above and its application in simulation basis. The only human steering angle is selected as a design parameter here and optimized to maximize the index function to be expressed in terms of either roll angle or yaw rate. The obtained scenarios were enough to generate the worst case to meet NHTSA worst case definition (ex.2-inch wheel lift). Additionally, as an application, the worst case steering maneuver is acquired for the vehicle to operate with a simple ESP system. It has been concluded that the new procedure in this paper is adequate to create other feasible worst case scenarios for a vehicle system both with an intelligent safety control system and without it.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.2895-2900
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• 2014

We fabricated quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) using cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) as sensitizers. A spin coated $TiO_2$ nanoparticle (NP) film on tin-doped indium oxide glass and sputtered Au on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass were used as photo-anode and counter electrode, respectively. CdS QDs were deposited onto the mesoporous $TiO_2$ layer by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. Pre-synthesized CdTe QDs were deposited onto a layer of CdS QDs using a direct adsorption technique. CdS/CdTe QDSSCs had high light harvesting ability compared with CdS or CdTe QDSSCs. QDSSCs incorporating single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), sprayed onto the substrate before deposition of the next layer or mixed with $TiO_2$ NPs, mostly exhibited enhanced photo cell efficiency compared with the pristine cell. In particular, a maximum rate increase of 24% was obtained with the solar cell containing a $TiO_2$ layer mixed with SWNTs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2014

Indium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals (IZO NCs), capped with stearic acid (SA) of different sizes, were synthesized using a hot injection method in a noncoordinating solvent 1-octadecene (ODE). The ligand exchange process was employed to modify the surface of IZO NCs by replacing the longer-chain ligand of stearic acid with the shorter-chain ligand of butylamine (BA). It should be noted that the ligand-exchange percentage was observed to be 75%. The change of particle size, morphology, and crystal structures were obtained using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction pattern results. In our study, the 5 nm and 10 nm IZO NCs capped with stearic acid (SA-IZO) were ligand-exchanged with butylamine (BA), and were then spin-coated on a thermal oxide ($SiO_2$) gate insulator to fabricate a thin film transistor (TFT) device. The films were then annealed at various temperatures: $350^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, and $600^{\circ}C$. All samples showed semiconducting behavior and exhibited n-channel TFT. Curing temperature dependent on mobility was observed. Interestingly, mobility decreases with the increasing size of NCs from 5 to 10 nm. Miller-Abrahams hopping formalism was employed to explain the hopping mechanism insight our IZO NC films. By focusing on the effect of size, different curing temperatures, electron coupling, tunneling rate, and inter-NC separation, we found that the decrease in electron mobility for larger NCs was due to smaller electronic coupling.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.66.2-66.2
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• 2014

We carried out photometric observations of Maria family asteroids during 134 nights spanning from July 2008 to May 2013, and derived synodic rotational periods for 51 objects including obtained periods of 34 asteroids for the first time. In this study, we found that there is a significant excess of fast and slow rotators. The one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirms that the spin rate distribution is not consistent with the Maxwellian at a 92% confidence level. From the correlations between rotational period, amplitude of lightcurve, and size, we conclude that rotational properties of Maria family have been changed considerably by the non-gravitational force such as the Yarkovsky and the YORP effect. Using the lightcurve inversion method, we successfully determined the pole orientation for the 13 Maria members, and found the excess of prograde objects versus retrograde with a ratio ($N_p/N_r$) of 3. This implies that retrograde rotators could have been ejected by the 3:1 resonance to the inner Solar System since the generation of Maria family. We estimate that approximately 37 - 75 kilometer-sized Maria asteroids have entered to near-Earth space every 100 Myr.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2002

액체로켓용 터보펌프시스템의 주요한 구성품의 하나로서 고압 터보펌프의 구동에 사용되는 터빈시스템 설계에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 터빈시스템은 가스발생기에서 발생된 고온/ 고압의 연소가스의 운동에너지를 펌프를 구동시킬 수 있는 기계적 에너지로 전환하는데, 노즐을 통해 연소가스의 운동 에너지를 증가시켜 펌프와 동일 축으로 연결된 동익을 회전시킨다. 액체로켓엔진의 시스템설계의 결과로 주어지는 압력비, 일량, 입구온도, 입구압력 등의 요구조건하에, 이를 만족시키는 터빈 시스템(노즐 및 동익)의 설계연구가 수행되었다. 터빈시스템은 입/ 출구 압력비에 따라서 개방형(Open Type)과 밀폐형(Closed Type)으로 나눌 수 있는데, 개방형의 경우 높은 압력비와 소량의 유량을 필요로 하며 충격형(Impulse Type)의 동익이 사용되며, 낮은 압력비와 다량의 유량을 필요로 하는 밀폐형의 경우 반동형(Reaction Type)의 동익이 사용된다. 시스템의 단순화 및 효율화를 위해서 본 연구에서는 개방형 터빈시스템이 채택되었으며, 특히 개방형 터빈의 특징인 소량의 유량이 터빈을 구동하므로 효율을 증가시키기 위해서 부분분사노즐(Partial Admission Nozzle)이 채택되었으며, 이의 효율에 미치는 영향이 연구되었다. 공기역학적 이론과 실험에 근거한 이론이 사용되었으며, 차후에 항공우주연구원에서 터빈 상사시험을 통하여 본 연구에 적용된 설계를 검증하고자 한다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2000

튜브 스피닝 성형에 대한 연구는 전통적 스피닝 공정에 비해 본질적으로 변형의 메카니즘이 보다 복잡한데 기인하여 이론 덴 해석 연구가 국한적으로 이루어져 왔다. 특히, 상계법을 이용한 해석의 제한성을 극복하기 위한 유한요소법을 이용한 연구는 아직 소수에 그치고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 티타늄 합금을 재료로 사용한 용기의 튜브 스피닝 공정을 상계법과 유한요소법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 해석에 있어 티타늄합금의 성형특성을 고려하여 상계법을 통해 공정변수가 설정되었으며, 유한요소해석 code인 ABAQUS를 사용하여 티타늄 합금재의 신장량과 편평도를 얻었다. 해석에 사용된 독립변수들은 로울러의 전 ·후방각도와 가공깊이, Feed rate이며 이 변수들은 유한요소법과 상계 해법을 통하여 최적화된다. 이 해석법에서 우리는 스피닝 가공의 가공동력과 힘 그리고 지름의 감소 율윽 얻을 수 있고, 또한 유한요소해석에 의해서 가공재의 편평도와 신장량도 구할 수 있다. 그 결과로부터 정해진 변수들이 티타늄 합금의 스피닝 공정에 있어서 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있으며, 그 변수들의 최적값을 얻을 수 있다.