• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.326-335
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• 1986

In cold water irrigation, some growth and yield were decreased by heavy application of nitrogen but in-creased by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Among growth characters, number of spikelets per panicle and grain filling ratio were affected significantly. Cold damage in number of spikelets, spikelet sterility and degeneration of spikelet and branch could be reduced by increasing application amount of phosphate, potassium and in particular silicate. Number of spikelets per branch was closely related with number of spikelets per secondary branches. Number of abortive grains and immature grains had negative correlations with yield and could be reduced by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Heavy nitrogen application led to high total nitrogen content and restrained the uptake of phosphate, potassium and silicate. However, adverse results were showed by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Inorganic element contents in branches were lower than those in leaf blades, but higher than those in chaff. Branches showed little differences in inorganic element contents between heading stage and maturing stage. Inorganic element contents in branches were considered to be influenced by those in leaf blades and to affect those in chaff. Some growth characters related to source and sink, such as degeneration of branches and spike-lets, sterility ratio, ripening ratio, and yield had closer relationship with nutrient contents in branches than those in leaf blades and chaff. The results demonstrated that the rachis branch not only was a transport pathway of nutrient but also would play an important role in accumulating substances in panicles.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2003

In this review, we described the catalogues of the rice proteome which were constructed in our program, and functional characterization of some of these proteins was discussed. Mass-spectrometry is the most prevalent technique to rapidly identify a large number of proteome analysis. However, the conventional Western blotting/sequencing technique has been used in many laboratories. As a first step to efficiently construct protein cata-file in proteome analysis of major cereals, we have analyzed the N-terminal sequences of 100 rice embryo proteins and 70 wheat spike proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Edman degradation revealed the N-terminal peptide sequences of only 31 rice proteins and 47 wheat proteins, suggesting that the rest of separated protein sports are N-terminally blocked. To efficiently determine the internal sequence of blocked proteins, we have developed a modified Cleveland peptide mapping method. Using this above method, the internal sequences of all blocked rice proteins(i, e., 69 proteins) were determined. Among these 100 rice proteins, thirty were proteins for which homologous sequence in the rice genome database could be identified. However, the rest of the proteins lacked homologous proteins. This appears to be consistent with the fact that about 45% of total rice cDNA have been deposited in the EMBL database. Also, the major proteins involved in the growth and development of rice can be identified using the proteome approach. Some of these proteins, including a calcium-binding protein that tuned out to be calreticulin, gibberellin-binding protein, which is ribulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygense active in rice, and leginsulin-binding protein in soybean have functions in the signal transduction pathway. Proteomics is well suited not only to determine interaction between pairs of proteins, but also to identify multisubunit complexes. Currently, a protein-protein interaction database for plant proteins(http://genome.c.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/Y2H)could be a very useful tool for the plant research community. Also, the information thus obtained from the plant proteome would be helpful in predicting the function of the unknown proteins and would be useful be in the plant molecular breeding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.108-116
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• 2002

This paper presents the measurements and evaluation of voltage waveforms due to human electrostatic discharge(ESD). The principle of operation and design rule of a new device for measuring the ESD fast transient voltages with very fast rise time were described. Peak values and rise time of ESD voltages derived from a charged human body under a variety of experimental conditions were examined. The frequency bandwidth of the proposed voltage measuring system ranges from DC to 400[㎒]. The ESD voltage waveform is nearly equal to the ESD current waveform and the peak amplitude of ESD current waveform is roughly proportional to the ESD voltage in each experimental conditions. A rapid approach results in a discharge voltage with a faster initial rise time than for a slow approach. The voltages caused by direct finger ESDs have an initial slope with a relatively long, 10∼30[ns] rise time, but the amplitude is small. On the other hand, the voltages caused by direct hand/metal ESDs have a steep initial s1ope with 1 ∼3[ns] rise time, but an initial spike is very big. As a consequence, it was found that the ESD voltage and current waveforms strongly depend on the approach speed and material of intruder. These measurement results would be useful to design the ESD protective devices.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.sup1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2016

Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by the terminal or interstitial deletion of the chromosome 22q13.3. Patients with this syndrome usually have global developmental delay, hypotonia, and speech delays. Several putative genes such as the SHANK3, RAB, RABL2B, and IB2 are responsible for the neurological features. This study describes the clinical features and outcomes of Korean patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Two patients showing global developmental delay, hypotonia, and speech delay were diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid syndrome via chromosome analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging of Patients 1 and 2 showed delayed myelination and severe communicating hydrocephalus, respectively. Electroencephalography in patient 2 showed high amplitude spike discharges from the left frontotemporoparietal area, but neither patient developed seizures. Kidney ultrasonography of both the patients revealed multicystic kidney disease and pelviectasis, respectively. Patient 2 experienced recurrent respiratory infections, and chest computed tomography findings demonstrated laryngotracheomalacia and bronchial narrowing. He subsequently died because of heart failure after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation at 5 months of age. Patient 1, who is currently 20 months old, has been undergoing rehabilitation therapy. However, global developmental delay was noted, as determines using the Korean Infant and Child Development test, the Denver developmental test, and the Bayley developmental test. This report describes the clinical features, outcomes, and molecular genetic characteristics of two Korean patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2009

We studied soil components, methane production, the number of methanogens, and T-RFLP patterns dependent on agricultural methods with the change of seasons. There is no regular increase or decrease tendency of the most soil components followed by sampling period. And the water content in soil was higher in October than May. Also a lot of methanogens existed in soil, and acetotrophs were relatively of smaller number than hydogenotrophs and formate utilizing methanogens using MPN (most probable number) enumeration. In the experiment using the formate, it was used from the first week, and only a minute amount was detecte after four weeks. However in the acetate, it was increased until the third week, and after that was consumed. And there was higher methane production for all soil samples which administered with the hydrogen spike. The activity of methanogens was higher in the organic and low-agrichemical agricultural method samples, and the organic agricultural method had high methanogen activity among the other samples. A result of T-RFLP pattern of mcrA gene digested with Sau96I, methanogen community have a little relation with agricultural methods and seasons. This results also agreed to no critical difference the soil components dependent on agricultural methods, but some analytical data have a positive relationship with a agricultural methods. Therefor we could concluded that the comparison study of community for soil bacteria sufficiently could be useful for the microbiological indicator.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.111-115
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• 1973

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of planting density and amount of fertilizer applied on the morphological, physiological and physical characteristics of barley culm. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Heavy application of fertilizer increased the diameter of the inside and outside thickness of culm, dry weight per unit culm, culm length, spike weight and number of per hill. 2. Thined planting density increased lodging resistance. But lodging resistance in sparse-planted plot of$20{\times}$ 20cm was almost the same as that in the plot of $15{\times}$ 15cm. 3. In the heavy fertilized plot weight of culm at breaking, bending moment of culm atbreaking, secondary moment of inertia and section modulus increased more than those in the standard fertilized one. As a result heavy application of fertilizer gave high lodging resistance. On the other hand thined planting density increased the above-mentioned physical characters of culm. 4. In the case of dense planting lodging index became higher in standard fertilized plot, but in the case of sparse planting over 10 x 10cm there were no significant differences in lodging index as affected by amount of fertilizer applied and planting density. 5. Grain yield was increased by heavy application of fertilizer and proper planting density was $5{\times}$ 5cm or $10{\times}$10cm for the safe maximum yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.117-121
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• 1973

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen top-dressed at the different growth stages on the morphological and physical characteristics of barley culm. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. By top-dressing of nitrogen in March, each internode length from the third to the fifth internode was shortened, and total fresh weight of the top, dry weight per unit culm, inside or outside culm diameter and thickness of culm were increased. Therefore these characteristics related to lodging indicated the beneficial changes for lodging resistance by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 2. Both weight of culm at breaking and bending moment of culm at breaking, expressing lodging resistance of culm, were increased in the plots of nitrogen top-dressed in March. Accordingly lodging resistance became higher by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 3. Both section modulus and secondary moment of inertia, expressing bending stiffness of culm, were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Accordingly lodging index, expressing comprehensive lodging resistance, became low by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 4. Both spike weight and grain yield were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Consequently we came to the conclusion that the suitable top-dressing time of nitrogen was in March.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1982

To determine the optimum harvesting date with good grain yield and quality, six different harvesting dates were tested from 25 to 50 days heading with five days intervals, using two varieties of Baekdong, naked barley and Olmil, wheat. The dates when grain yield, 1,000 grain weight and grain/whole spike weight ratio were reached to the highest were 35 and 40 days after heading for Baekdong and Olmil, respectively. Various grain qualities such as unhulled grain, plumpness, protein content and whiteness of grain were also very good at that times. One day earlier harvesting before the optimum dates resulted in yield decreases by 3.9% for Baekdong and 4.4% for Olmil. And it might be delayed for each 5 days with Combine harvesting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 1982

In three diverse wheat and one barley cultivars were used to examine the relation of the spikelet and floret differentiation to fertility and an winter wheat Norin 61 was used to examine the spikelet size gradients in the mature ear in relation to their grain development. The greatest number of grains and florets per spikelet, and the heaviest grains occurred in the low-mid part of the ear. Within the spikelets, the 2nd grain from the base was heavier than the I st or the 3rd one. In this region, the fertility of the 1 st floret was 97%, the 2nd 93%, the 3rd 88%, and 4th floret was 15%. The fertility of the wheat and barley was closely related to spikelet and floret differentiation. Barley spikelets was fertile as their differentiation stage was X that is 25 days before heading. Wheat florets were fertile as their differentiation stage was X that is 15-20 days before heading. But, they were sterile or reduced in fertility if they were not reached to the stage X.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 1970

To research the seeding systems and the varieties adapted to mechanization in barley and wheat culture in Korea, the studies were carried out from October, 1969 to June, 1970 at Suwon. In these studies, six kinds of seeding systems of drilling and dibbling that seems to adapted to mechanization were tested as compared with the customary seeding system, furrowing moderately or widely, using three varieties of barley, Suwon ＃18, Barsoy and Buhufng, and three varieties of wheat, Wonkwang, Yucseung ＃3 and Yeungkwang, under the two fertilizer levels of standard and double. The summarize results gained were as follows; 1. Buhung seemed to be the most suitable variety in barley as it yielded the most and matured early and grew the safest. Barsoy suffered from winter injury. 2. Yeungkwang seemed to be the most suitable variety in wheat as it yielded the most and produced the largest grain ani grew the safest, however it matured late. Wonkwang suffered heavily from lodging injury. 3. More yield were produced and there were no increase of cultural dangers except lodging in double fertilizer level. 4. Seeding system of drilling and dibbling seems to be able to put in practice safely under the double fertilizer level when lodging resistant varieties are selected. 5. Rate of yields increase in comparison with the customary seeding system of moderate furrowing were 16 percent in drilling of 20 centimeter spacing, 13 percent in wide furrowing and 12 percent in dibbling of 20 ${\times}$ 12 centimeter spacing in barley and also 9 percent in wide furrowing, 8 percent in dibbling of 20 ${\times}$ 12 centimeter spacing and 7 percent in drilling of 20 centimeter spacing in wheat. 6. The most important cause of above yields increase seems to be the increase of spike number per unit area. 7. Yields increase by drilling as compared with furrowing was not caused by higher rate of seeding. 8. The plants matured a bit earlier by drilling and dibbling. 9. Better stands of seedling were fount in dibbling due to the promotion of germination by tramping. 10. An increase of yields will be expected by decreasing the spacing in drilling and dibbling.