• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제50호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2004

The normal transmission characteristics of sound are hardly obtained due to the various noises and structural factors in a running car environment. It is due to the channel distortion of the original source sound recorded by microphones, and it seriously degrades the performance of the speech recognition in real driving environments. In this paper we analyze the degree of intelligibility under the various sound distortion environments by channels according to driving speed with respect to speech transmission index(STI) and compare the STI with rates of speech recognition. We examine the correlation between measures of intelligibility depending on sound pick-up patterns and performance in speech recognition. Thereby we consider the optimal location of a microphone in single channel environment. In experimentation we find that high correlation is obtained between STI and rates of speech recognition.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to compare functional hearing with the use of a personal sound amplification product (PSAP) or a basic hearing aid (HA) among sensorineural hearing impaired listeners. Subjects and Methods: Nineteen participants with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (26-55 dB HL; pure-tone average, 0.5-4 kHz) were prospectively included. No participants had prior experience with HAs or PSAPs. Audiograms, speech intelligibility in both quiet and noisy environments, speech quality, and preference were assessed in three different listening conditions: unaided, with the HA, and with the PSAP. Results: The use of PSAP was associated with significant improvement in pure-tone thresholds at 1, 2, and 4 kHz compared to the unaided condition (all p<0.01). In the quiet environment, speech intelligibility was significantly improved after wearing a PSAP compared to the unaided condition (p<0.001), and this improvement was better than the result obtained with the HA. The PSAP also demonstrated similar improvement in the most comfortable levels compared to those obtained with the HA (p<0.05). However, there was no significant improvement of speech intelligibility in a noisy environment when wearing the PSAP (p=0.160). There was no significant difference in the reported speech quality produced by either device or in participant preference for the PSAP or HA. Conclusions: The current result suggests that PSAPs provide considerable benefits to speech intelligibility in a quiet environment and can be a good alternative to compensate for mild-to-moderate SNHL.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to compare functional hearing with the use of a personal sound amplification product (PSAP) or a basic hearing aid (HA) among sensorineural hearing impaired listeners. Subjects and Methods: Nineteen participants with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (26-55 dB HL; pure-tone average, 0.5-4 kHz) were prospectively included. No participants had prior experience with HAs or PSAPs. Audiograms, speech intelligibility in both quiet and noisy environments, speech quality, and preference were assessed in three different listening conditions: unaided, with the HA, and with the PSAP. Results: The use of PSAP was associated with significant improvement in pure-tone thresholds at 1, 2, and 4 kHz compared to the unaided condition (all p<0.01). In the quiet environment, speech intelligibility was significantly improved after wearing a PSAP compared to the unaided condition (p<0.001), and this improvement was better than the result obtained with the HA. The PSAP also demonstrated similar improvement in the most comfortable levels compared to those obtained with the HA (p<0.05). However, there was no significant improvement of speech intelligibility in a noisy environment when wearing the PSAP (p=0.160). There was no significant difference in the reported speech quality produced by either device or in participant preference for the PSAP or HA. Conclusions: The current result suggests that PSAPs provide considerable benefits to speech intelligibility in a quiet environment and can be a good alternative to compensate for mild-to-moderate SNHL.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2012

본 논문은 강의실의 실내흡음력이 증가함에 따라 발생하는 물리적 음명료도 (D50, STI)의 변화가 한국어와 중국어의 주관적 음이해도 (음성요해도)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 중규모 강의실에서 흡음재를 설치하기 전과 후의 물리적 음향성능을 측정하고, 음절요해도 테스트 법을 사용해 음성요해도를 평가하였다. 음성요해도 평가시 한국어와 중국어의 두 가지 언어를 대상으로 진행함으로써 두 언어의 특성에 따른 음성요해도의 차이를 비교하였다. 실험결과 흡음재를 설치함에 따라 물리적 음명료도가 증가하였으며, 음성요해도 또한 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 동일한 조건에서 음절요해도 테스트를 수행한 결과 한국어보다 중국어의 음성요해도가 더 높은 것으로 평가되었으며 이것은 한국어와 중국어의 발음특성의 차이에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. 한편 물리적 음명료도와 주관적 음명료도의 상관관계 분석결과 ($R^2$) D50의 경우 한국어는 0.696, 중국어는 0.707로 나타났으며 STI의 경우 한국어는 0.651, 중국어는 0.665로 매우 높은 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 재활복지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2016

본 연구는 표준문단 읽기 과제를 사용하여 얻어진 동일한 말샘플을 통하여 마비말장애 성인의 자음정확도와 비음치가 말명료도 및 말용인도에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 대상은 마비말장애 성인 10명과 일반 성인 16명이었다. 비음치 측정을 위한 과제로는 모음 연장, 구강음과 비강음 문장, 표준문단 읽기를 사용하였으며, 동일한 표준문단을 사용하여 자음정확도를 측정한 후, 평정자 20명에게 시각적 아날로그 척도를 사용하여 말명료도, 말용인도를 평정하게 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 구강음과 비강음 문장, 표준문단에서는 마비말장애 성인 집단의 비음치가 일반 성인 집단에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났으나, 모음연장에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 마비말장애 성인의 자음정확도는 말명료도 및 말용인도와 유의한 상관을 보였으나, 비음치는 말명료도 및 말용인도와 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 자음정확도를 통제한 상황에서도 비음치는 말명료도 및 말용인도와 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 회귀분석 결과 마비말장애 성인의 자음정확도가 말명료도와 말용인도에 미치는 영향이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 마비말장애 성인의 자음정확도는 말명료도, 말용인도와 밀접한 관련이 있으나, 비음치는 말명료도 및 말용인도와의 상관이 유의하지 않음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2007

본 연구는 후두적출술 후 성대를 상실한 후두적출자들이 식도를 통하여 끌어들인 공기로 발성하는 식도발성 발화의 명료도를 조사해 보고자 하였다. 정상 청력을 가진 3명의 청취자가, 식도발성을 사용하는 화자 10인이 산출한 자음+모음+모음(CVV), 모음+자음+모음(VCV)의 무의미 2음절어를 듣고 그 내용을 기록하였다. 그 결과, 식도발성의 전체적인 명료도는 27%로 나타났다. 조음방법적 측면에서는 파찰음이 가장 높은 명료도를 보였고 마찰음이 가장 낮은 명료도를 보였다. 조음위치적 측면에서의 명료도는 경구개음이 가장 높고, 치경음이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 전반적으로 경음의 명료도가 높고, 격음의 명료도가 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 음절내 3위치 측면에서는 CVV 음절보다 VCV 음절에 나타난 자음이 더 높은 명료도를 보였다. 식도발성 발화자가 보이는 명료도의 문제는 대개 충분한 공기량을 확보하지 못함으로써 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 정확한 조음동작의 훈련 뿐 아니라, 충분히 공기를 유입하는 훈련을 병행함으로써 명료도를 개선시키도록 노력하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제64호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate prosodic characteristics in the speech of adults with cerebral palsy through a comparison with the speech of normal speakers. Ten speakers with cerebral palsy (6 males, 4 females) and 6 normal speakers (3 males, 3 females) served as subjects. The results revealed that, compared to normal speakers, speakers with cerebral palsy showed a slower speech rate, a larger number of intonational phrases(IPs) and pauses, a larger number of accentual phrases(APs) per IP, a longer duration of pauses, and more gradual slopes of [L +H] in APs. However, the two groups showed similar tone patterns in their APs. The results also showed mild to moderate correlations between speech intelligibility and the prosodic properties which showed significant differences between the two groups, suggesting that they could be important prosodic factors to predict speech intelligibility in the speech of adults with cerebral palsy.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.139-156
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• 2001

Speech intelligibility in patients with complete dentures is an important clinical problem depending on the material used. The objective of this study was to investigate the speech of two edentulous subjects fitted with a complete maxillary prosthesis made of two different palatal materials: chrome-cobalt alloy and acrylic resin. Three patients with complete dentures in the experiment group and ten people in the controls groups participated in the experiment. CSL, Visi-Pitch were used to measure speech characteristics. The test words consisted of a simple vowel /e/, meaningless three syllabic words containing fricative, affricated and stops sounds, and sustained fricative sounds /s/ and /$\int$/. The analysis speech parameters were vowel and lateral formants, VOT, sound durations, sound pressure level and fricative frequency. Data analysis was conducted by a series of paired T-test. The findings like the following: (1) Vowel formant one of patients with complete denture is higher than that of the control group (p<0.05), while lateral formant three of patients with complete denture is lower than that of the control group (p<0.0l). (2) Patients with complete denture produced lower speech intelligibility with low fricative frequency (/$\int$/) than control group (p<0.0). The speech intelligibility of patients with metal prosthesis was higher than that of those with resin prosthesis (p<0.05). (3) Fricative, lateral and stop sound durations of patients with complete denture were longer than those of the control group (p<0.01 and p<0.05), respectively. Total sound durations of patients with metal prosthesis were similar to that of the control group (p<0.05), while those with resin prosthesis had a shorter duration (p<0.01). This implied that those with metal prosthesis had higher speech intelligibility than those with resin prosthesis. (4) Patients with complete denture had higher sound pressure levels /t/ and /c/ than the control group (p<0.01). However, sound pressure levels for /c/ of patients with metal prosthesis or resin prosthesis was similar to the control group (p<0.05). (5) Patients with complete denture had higher fundamental frequency than the control group (p<0.01).

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제29B권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1992

As a result of recent progress in speech synthesis techniques, the those new services using new techniques are going to introduce into the telephone communication system. In setting standards, voice quality is obviously an important criterion. It is very important to develope a quality evaluation method of synthesized speech for the diagnostic assessment of system algorithm, and fair comparison of assessment values. This paper has described several basic concepts and criterions for quality assessment (intelligibility) of synthesized speech by rule, and then a word selection method and the word list to be used in word intelligibility test were proposed. Finally, a test method for word intelligibility is described.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권A호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2007

Possibility of the eavesdropping is investigated on a conference room-glass window coupled system. Speech intelligibility analysis is performed on the eavesdropping sound of the glass window. Using MLS(Maximum Length Sequency) signal as a sound source, acceleration and velocity responses of the glass window are measured by accelerometer and laser doppler vibrometer. MTF(Modulation Transfer Function) is used to identify the speech transmission characteristics of the room and window system. STI(Speech Transmission Index) is calculated by using MTF and speech intelligibility of the vibration sound is estimated. Speech intelligibilities by the acceleration signal and the velocity signal are compared.