• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2023

The study aims to identify factors related to landscape structure and socioeconomic characteristics that influence adults' physical activity and health. The study analyzes data from 148,643 respondents from the Korea Community Health Survey conducted in 2021. The study measures various factors, including the frequency of physical activity, stress, depression, and landscape metrics of forest patches. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. Larger forest patches and more irregular shapes are associated with higher levels of physical activity among adults. The percentage and area of the forest patch are associated with fewer mental health complaints. Configuration-related landscape metrics such as shape or arrangement of the forest patch did not show a significant association with physical activity. Overall, the study provides insights into how specific characteristics of forest patches in urban areas may influence physical activity and mental health among adults. It emphasizes the importance of green spaces and their potential positive effects on both physical and mental well-being.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2015

In order to study genetic engineering in trees, the characterization of genes and promoters from trees is necessary. We isolated the promoter region (867 bp) of Pagns-LTP from poplar (P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) and characterized its activity in transgenic poplar plants using a ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. High-level expression of the Pagns-LTP transcript was found in poplar roots, while comparatively low-level expression was found in the young leaves. Pagns-LTP mRNA was not detected in other poplar tissues. Additionally, transgenic poplar plants that contained a Pagns-LTP promoter fused to a GUS reporter gene, displayed tissue-specific GUS enzyme activity localized in root tissue. In silico analysis of the Pagns-LTP promoter sequence reveals the presence of several cis-regulatory elements responsive to phytohormones, biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as those regulating tissue-specific expression. These results demonstrate that the Pagns-LTP promoter has tissue-specific expression activity in poplar roots and leaves that may be involved in organ development and plant resistance to various stresses. Therefore, we anticipate that the Pagns-LTP promoter would be a useful tool to genetically optimize woody plants for functional genomics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1319-1325
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• 2000

Antimicrobial effects of the specific IgY separated from eggs which were laid by hens vaccinated with Streptococcus mutans were investigated. The comparison tests of vaccination, addition levels of crude specific IgY, and innoculation concentration were applied by microscopic observation and turbidity test. Ten% addition of crude specific IgY obtained from vaccinated hens showed agglomerative clusters of S. mutans cells in supernatants and sediments, while crude IgY produced by non-vaccinated hens showed no cluster. IgY addition above 5% showed agglutinating clusters of most S. mutans cells and there was definite difference between IgY addition below 2.5% and above 5%. Concentration tests of crude IgY revealed that antimicrobial effects were differentiated by addition level and addition over 10% produced satisfactory results with turbidity test. The cluster size was dependent upon concentration of crude IgY addition. $10^5\;cfu/mL$ inoculation showed agglutinated cells and extent of agglomeration was proportional to cell numbers. Study of inoculation levels showed that 10% addition of crude IgY decreased turbidity effectively regardless of number of S. mutans cells. Plaque formation decreased to 75% with 15% addition of specific IgY concentration. These results implied that IgY separated from eggs laid by S. mutans-vaccinated hens might prevent dental caries caused by S. mutans.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2014

Alginates are linear acidic polysaccharides composed with (1-4)-linked ${\alpha}$-L-guluronic acid and ${\beta}$-Dmannuronic acid. Alginate can be degraded by diverse alginate lyases, which cleave the alginate using a ${\beta}$-elimination reaction and produce unsaturated uronate oligomers. A gene for a polyMG-specific alginate lyase possessing a novel structure was previously identified and cloned from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ-2. Homology modeling of KJ-2 polyMG-specific alginate lyase showed it belongs to the PL6 family, whereas three Azotobacter vinelandii polyMG lyases belong to the PL7 family of polysaccharide lyases. From $^1H$-NMR spectra data, KJ-2 polyMG lyase preferably degraded the M-${\beta}$(1-4)-G glycosidic bond than the G-${\alpha}$(1-4)-M glycosidic bond. Seventeen mutants were made by site-directed mutagenesis, and alginate lyase activity was analyzed. Lys220Ala, Arg241Ala, Arg241Lys, and Arg265Ala lost alginate lyase activity completely. Arg155Ala, Gly303Glu, and Tyr304Phe also lost the activity by 60.7-80.1%. These results show that Arg155, Lys220, Arg241, Arg265, Gly303, and Tyr304 are important residues for catalytic activity and substrate binding.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2008

For the development of specific and effective basic genetic materials to inhibit replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV), HCV genome-targeting trans-splicing aptazyme, which activity is allosterically regulated by a specific ligand, was developed. The aptazyme was designed to be comprised of sequence of RNA aptamer to the ligand, communication module sequence which can transfer structural transition for inducing ribozyme activity upon binding the ligand to the aptamer, and trans-splicing ribozyme targeting +199 nt of HCV IRES. Especially, when the aptamer and the communication module was inserted at both P6 and P8 catalytic domain of the specific ribozyme, allosteric activity of the aptazyme was the most induced. The aptazyme was shown to induce activity of trans-splicing reaction specifically and efficiently only in the presence of the specific ligand, but neither in the absence of any ligand nor in the presence of control ligand. This aptazyme can be used as a specific and effective genetic agent against HCV, and a tool for the isolation of anti-HCV lead compounds.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.259-268
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• 1993

When activity of peroxidase in auld Pnrqfonimn westermqni was monitored using o-dianisidine and $H_2O_2$ as substrates, its specific activity was 1.5 times higher In excretory-secretory product (ESP) than in crude extract. The one was purified by two purification steps of Sephacryl S-300 Superfine gel permeation and DEAE-Trisacryl M anion exchange chromatographies. Its activity increased 16.9 fold with 32.3% recovery. The enzyme was inhibited totally by 1 millimoles of dithiothreitol (DTT), 2-mercaptoethanol and azide. Molecular mass was 16 kDa in reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or 19 kDa in TSK-Blue gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). respectively. Special staining for peroxidase by diaminobenzidine on SDS-PAGE confirmed the activity. The peroxidase was less reactive to a paragonimiasis serum when observed by SDS-PAGE/immunoblot. In addition, specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were also identified in the ESP. High activities of these antioxidant enzymes in ESP indicate that they are parts of defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen intermediates from host.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2004

An investigation was conducted to ascertain the basic information on characteristics of embryonic tissue development among Korean Ginseng, American ginseng, $F_{1}$ hybrids and $BC_{1}F_{1}(F_{1}$ pollen back cross to $BC_{1}=Korean\;Ginseng)seeds$. The specific activities of lipoxygenase (LOX) and the protein assays were made during the above embry­onic growth period at 5 or 25 degree C. The results are summarized as follows: The fresh weights(mg) of germinating seeds were significantly different among species. Ginseng seeds were stratified at $5^{\circ}C\;for\;60\;days$ the ratios of embryo/endosperms in $P.g.,\;P.q\;or\;F_{1}\;were\;about\;90{\%}$. The ratio was in $BC_{1}F_{1},\;79.2{\%}$ during the same period. The ratios of embryo/endosperms of seeds of P.g. or P.q. germinated at $5^{\circ}C$ showed rather higher values as compared to that at $25^{\circ}C$ LOX specific activity the highest in the $F_{1}$ and decreased in the order of P.g., P.q., and $BC_{1}F_{1}$. The highest LOX specific activity was shown at 80 days after sowing, followed by 70 days sowing, the least LOX activity was shown at 60 days.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.177-181
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate activity difference in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of tomato callus transformed with Agrobacterium containing the GUS gene. Than those of other two tomato cultivars, the hypocotyl explant of JA101 was shown to have higher POD and SOD specific activity of 23 unit/mg protein and 2,156 unit/mg protein, respectively. Relatively high frequency of callus formation was obtained from the hypocotyl explant on MS medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D for 30 days and its POD(47 unit/mg protein) and SOD (95,786 unit/mg protein) specific activities were higher than other 2,4-D concentration. The hypocotyl explant and callus cocultivated with Agrobacterium for 72 hours were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D, 30 mg/L kanamycin, 30 g/L sucrose and 4 g/L Gelrite. The hypocotyl explants transferred to the medium formed callus with 45.5% effeciency after 8 weeks. The transformation efficiency confirmed by GUS assay was 21.6%. POD specific activity of the transformed callus (54 unit/mg protein) were somewhat lower than the non-transformed callus (64 unit/mgg protein) and SOD specific activity of the transformed callus (30,300 unit/mg protein) were also lower than the non-transformed callus (37,077 unit/mg protein). However there was no significant difference in POD and SOD isozyme patterns between the transformed and the non-transformed calluses. From these results, it revealed that there was no difference of antioxidant enzyme activities between the transformed callus and the non-transformed callus in tomato.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1999

In order to investigate the immune response induced by supplementation of herb medical stuff in diet on the nile tilapia. Oreochromis niloticus, experiments were performed with feeding of four different experimental diets supplemented with 2% ginseng. Panax ginseng, 3% Kugija. Lycium chinense, 3% Hasuo, Polygonum multiflorum, 2% Omija, Schizandra chinensis, respectively, for 84 days. The non-specific immune responses changed during the feeding period were investigated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks in each group. Average body weight of the nile tilapia with supplemented diets was heavier than control group. The fish fed on diet supplemented with 3% Kugija showed the better growth than the other tested groups. Complement activity such as complete hemolytic activity ($CH_{50}$) and bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli tended to be increased by the supplementation of herb medical stuff. The lysozyme activity of serum and adherent phagocyte activity showed higher in the fish fec on diet supplemented with 3% kugija than the other tested groups. In respect to the RPS against experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection, all of the group fed on the herb medical stuff in diet appeared higher response compared with control group. From these results, herb medical stuff (Panax ginseng, Lycium chinense. Polygonum multiflorum, Schizandra chinensis) might be used a additives of diet for the increasing of non-specific immune response or resistance against bacterial fish diseases.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.37-69
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• 2001

A new cost management system, called Activity Based Costing (ABC) system, has arisen to solve the limitation of a Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA) system until last two decades and ABC has been applied by many companies. TCA systems have limitation in tracing cost because they arbitrarily allocate overhead cost to the cost objects without standard for direct cost distribution. ABC is an accounting system that assigns costs to products or services based on the resources they consume. The costs of all activities are traced to the products for which they are performed. Therefore ABC is a cost management system that provides a matrix to accurately quantify consumed resources triggered by activities and activities triggered by products and services. There is little implementation of ABC in the health services field, one of service industries, due to complicated and many activities, and volatile cost object. However, the necessity for applying reasonable cost accounting system is largely issuing as strategy responding hostile environment, and financial pressure, and it is imperative to implement the Activity Based Costing (ABC) system. Therefore, this study presents the framework to develop ABC system for total health service organizations. Cost objects in this study base on medical service activities per health insurance claim from one general hospital located in Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Medical service activities include all health insurance claims in the hospital. The purpose of the study is presenting useful tools and basic frame to develop Activity Based Costing system for health service organizations which want to use ABC system. The steps to develop ABC system for health service organizations are following: 1. Identifying of activity centers; 2. Definition of cost objects and activity by activity center; 3. Analysis of activity and tracing activity contribution; 4. Allocation of direct cost for specific activity; 5. Allocation of indirect cost for specific activity; 6. Allocation of depreciation for facilities, applicants, and consumption goods; 7. Allocation of administration cost; 8. Allocation of cost among activity centers; and 9. Tracing cost of cost objects by activity center. This study identified necessary information from existing reports which hospitals generally made by each step, and defined outcome which had to be produced in each step using this information. The steps of this study had limitation to apply all different size hospitals because the steps were structured ABC system by one hospital, however, this study used similar basic framework and methods with general cases. When a health service organization want to apply Activity Based Costing (ABC) system on all activities of it in future days, this study is very useful to design system structure in the health service organization.