• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.86-99
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to make clear the management of Environmental Education in Elementary school in Korea. To accomplish this purpose, The research for the actual condition of management of Environmental Education according to school, grade, and class was progressed. The researcher was analyzed Hindrance Factors of Sound Environmental Education in School and presented some suggestion on the basis of above-mentioned findings. On one side, the method of research is a case study on qualitative based way. A case study was conducted with it's focus on public elementary school in Seoul. As for major research methods, observation by participating in school field and in-depth interview were respectively employed; subsidiary methods included literature study. The findings of this study are as belows: First, Environmental Education was not managed practically with specific way in school. Second, Environmental Education by direct and actual outdoor experience was unusual. Third, most of class school work about Environmental Education was focused on not only the type of prescription after the environmental problem but also, the treatment of articles in newspaper and TV. Forth, educational compulsion such as “you have to do that.” was mainly used as Environmental guidance for sound attitude in school without clear reasons. In the last analysis, hindrance factors of sound management for environmental education in elementary schools were ‘passive adjustment’, ‘discriminative reception’, ‘absence of information resource’. these factors came from atmosphere of negligence environmental education in schools. Therefore, all of teachers have to affirmative belief and attitude as personal dimension and all of elementary schools improve environmental education system.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• 한국유통학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국유통학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.165-191
• /
• 2005

유통경로 관리에서 유통환경을 명확히 이해하고, 그것이 유통경로 시스템에 주는 영향을 파악하는 것이 매우 중요하다는 점을 인지하면서도 환경의 영향에 대한 이론적 ·실증적 연구는 그다지 활발하지 못했다. 특히 기존의 유통경로 연구들은 환경이 유통경로에 영향을 미치는 메커니즘을 다양한 관계특성과 관계의 질 측면에서 다루지 않았다. 이 연구의 목적은 환경차원 중 환경의 동태성이 유통경로 구성원 간 관계특성인 신문사의 거래특유투자, 신문사의 기회주의, 그리고 신문지국의 갈등에 미치는 영향과 그러한 관계특성들이 유통경로 구성원 간 관계의 질인 신뢰, 즉 신용과 호의에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 국내 한 신문사에 소속된 신문지국의 지국장 163명을 대상으로 자료를 수집해 분석한 결과, 환경의 동태성은 신문사의 기회주의 및 신문지국의 갈등과 정(+)의 상관관계를 보였고, 신문사의 거래특유투자와는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 신문사의 거래특유투자는 신용과 호의에 각각 정(+)의 상관관계를 보였고, 신문사의 기회주의와 신문지국의 갈등 수준은 신용과 호의에 각각부(-)의 상관관계를 보였다. 이 연구는 요즘과 같이 환경의 동태성 수준이 높은 상황에 처한 신문사에게 신문지국과의 장기적인 관계를 유지하고 발전시키기 위한 필수조건인 신뢰를 형성하기 위해 어떠한 관리적 측면의 노력이 필요한지를 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 담수미세조류의 일종인 클로렐라를 적색 발광다이오드를 이용하여 효율적으로 배양하기 위한 조건을 찾기 위해 수행되었다. 클로렐라 배양에 최적인 광량을 찾기 위해 광량을 조절하여 클로렐라가 포함된 반응기에 각각 조사하여 성장속도 및 셀농도를 측정하였다. 적색파장 사용 시, 광량이 증가할수록 성장속도는 광량에 비례하여 증가하였으나 셀농도는 지속적으로 감소하였다. 공기 공급에 따른 성장특성을 살펴보기 위해 반응기에 미세공기를 연속적으로 주입하였는데, 반응속도 및 셀농도는 공기를 주입하지 않은 경우에 비해 2배와 10배 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 고농도의 이산화탄소 주입의 경우에는 배지의 pH가 3이하로 저하되어 클로렐라의 성장이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 클로렐라를 효과적으로 배양하기 위해서는 적색파장의 발광다이오드를 광원으로 사용하고 반응기에 공기를 연속적으로 주입하는 것이 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.65-79
• /
• 2014

This study selected Nakdong River basin zone in Daegu as an example area to conduct landscapetope classification and aesthetic value assessment of landscape according to the classified landscapetope. The main result of this research can be summed up as following. First, the result of landscapetope type classification showed 28 types of landscapetope including complex residential area (AA), natural stream type with copious vegetation (BA), forest type centered on mixed forest of soft and hardwood (EB) along with 129 types of imputed specific landscapetope. The result of the total first assessment using B-VAT showed the first grade 10 types, II grade 4 types, III grade6 types, IV grade 3 types, 5 types for V grade with the lowest value. The second assessment conducted toward the landscapetope types with the grade higher than the average (including III grade) in the result of the first assessment showed that there are 66 spaces for the sites (1a, 1b) with special meaning for aesthetic landscape evaluation. And also, there were 69 spaces for those (2a, 2b, 2c) with meaning for aesthetic landscape evaluation. The design model of this research is largely divided into improvement goal and specific execution plan. First, the improvement goal is divided into 6 categories including conservation area, complementary area, and restoration area, and the specific execution plan is divided into 14 categories including special landscape management area, general landscape management area, conservation of hill areas with optically good condition. A comprehensive master plan was suggested by directly applying the set landscape planning model to the subject place of this research.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.345-357
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 조류발전 사업이 보다 환경친화적 에너지개발사업이 되도록 유도하기 위한 국내 해역에 적합한 환경평가 가이드라인을 제시하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구는 국내외 관련 문헌들을 수집하여 조사 분석하였고, 해양에너지 개발 및 해양환경 전문가들과의 면담과 전문가 세미나를 진행하여 합리적인 입지선정 타당성 검토방안과 환경평가단계의 가이드라인을 도출하였다. 입지선정 타당성 검토방안은 입지선정 시 고려해야할 항목을 제시하였고, 이를 바탕으로 조류발전 사업의 특성과 환경영향을 최소화 할 수 있는 적정입지선정 방안을 제시하였다. 환경평가 단계에서의 가이드라인은 조류발전 사업에 대한 환경영향을 파악하고 이에 대한 환경영향평가를 효과적으로 수행하기 위해 현황조사, 영향예측, 저감방안, 사후환경영향 조사계획의 네 단계로 구분하여 제시하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.526-538
• /
• 2001

Fatigue tests in air and in room temperature water were performed to obtain comparable data and stable crack measuring conditions. In air environment, fatigue crack growth rate was increased with increasing temperature due to an increase in crack tip oxidation rate. In room temperature water, the fatigue crack growth rate was faster than in air and crack path varied on loading conditions. In simulated light water reactor (LWR) conditions, there was little environmental effect on the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) at low dissolved oxygen or at high loading frequency conditions. While the FCGR was enhanced at high oxygen condition, and the enhancement of crack growth rate increased as loading frequency decreased to a critical value. In fractography, environmentally assisted cracks, such as semi-cleavage and secondary intergranular crack, were found near sulfide inclusions only at high dissolved oxygen and low loading frequency condition. The high crack growth rate was related to environmentally assisted crack. These results indicated that environmentally assisted crack could be formed by the Electrochemical effect in specific loading condition.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.2010-2018
• /
• 2017

Mixotrophic microalgal growth gives a great premise for wastewater treatment based on photoautotrophic nutrient utilization and heterotrophic organic removal while producing renewable biomass. There remains a need for a control strategy to enrich them in a photobioreactor. This study performed a series of batch experiments using a mixotroph, Chlorella sorokiniana, to characterize optimal guidelines of mixotrophic growth based on a statistical design of the experiment. Using a central composite design, this study evaluated how temperature and light irradiance are associated with $CO_2$ capture and organic carbon respiration through biomass production and ammonia removal kinetics. By conducting regressions on the experimental data, response surfaces were created to suggest proper ranges of temperature and light irradiance that mixotrophs can beneficially use as two types of energy sources. The results identified that efficient mixotrophic metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana for organics and inorganics occurs at the temperature of $30-40^{\circ}C$ and diurnal light condition of $150-200{\mu}mol\;E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The optimal specific growth rate and ammonia removal rate were recorded as 0.51/d and 0.56/h on average, respectively, and the confirmation test verified that the organic removal rate was $105mg\;COD{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. These results support the development of a viable option for sustainable treatment and effluent quality management of problematic livestock wastewater.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.363-377
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 낙동강수계 오염도가 높은 금호강 및 남강 중권역의 지천들 가운데 수질측정망과 일정한 거리에 있고 오염도가 높은 지천들을 선정하여 각 지점의 오염부하량, 오염특성, 중점관리지천별 세부 유입되는 지천의 오염현황 및 중점 지류가 낙동강 본류에 미치는 영향 등을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 금호강 및 남강의 대부분의 수질항목별 오염도는 유사하였으나, TN, Chl-a 및 SS는 금호강이 남강에 비해 약 20~120% 이상 높은 오염도를 보였다. 오염발생부하율(kg/day) 및 발생밀도($kg/day/km^2$)는 유량과 하천유하면적에 따라 하천 오염도 순위가 달랐으며, 이러한 영향은 남강에서 더 크게 차이가 발생하였다. 금호강 및 남강의 상세오염조사는 하천의 유로길이, 합류되는 소하천의 개수와 형태에 따라 상세지점을 2개에서 최대 9개까지 나누어 조사하였으며, 그 결과 달서천과 의령천의 오염도가 높게 나타났다. 이외에도, 달서천과 의령천의 본류오염 기여율이 약 10% 내외로 높게 나타났으며, 이는 주변공단, 생활거주지역 형태 및 크기, 농경지 경작 유 무 및 축사 존재 유 무에 따라 오염도 및 상 하류 오염형태가 다르기 때문으로 판단된다

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.567-585
• /
• 2019

In the past two decades, structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have been widely installed on various civil infrastructures for the tracking of the state of their structural health and the detection of structural damage or abnormality, through long-term monitoring of environmental conditions as well as structural loadings and responses. In an SHM system, there are plenty of sensors to acquire a huge number of monitoring data, which can factually reflect the in-service condition of the target structure. In order to bridge the gap between SHM and structural maintenance and management (SMM), it is necessary to employ advanced data processing methods to convert the original multi-source heterogeneous field monitoring data into different types of specific physical indicators in order to make effective decisions regarding inspection, maintenance and management. Conventional approaches to data analysis are confronted with challenges from environmental noise, the volume of measurement data, the complexity of computation, etc., and they severely constrain the pervasive application of SHM technology. In recent years, with the rapid progress of computing hardware and image acquisition equipment, the deep learning-based data processing approach offers a new channel for excavating the massive data from an SHM system, towards autonomous, accurate and robust processing of the monitoring data. Many researchers from the SHM community have made efforts to explore the applications of deep learning-based approaches for structural damage detection and structural condition assessment. This paper gives a review on the deep learning-based SHM of civil infrastructures with the main content, including a brief summary of the history of the development of deep learning, the applications of deep learning-based data processing approaches in the SHM of many kinds of civil infrastructures, and the key challenges and future trends of the strategy of deep learning-based SHM.