• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

광릉숲, 태화산 서울대 학술림, 가리왕산의 낙엽활엽수림에서 연간 낙엽 낙지 생산량과 가을철 낙엽에 의한 수종별 엽면적지수를 산출하고, 간접적인 방법의 것과 비교하였다. 연간 낙엽 낙지 생산량은 천이 단계 증가에 따른 임분의 바이오매스 축적량이나 수종구성 등에 따라 그 양과 비율이 다르게 나타났으며(Table 2), 특히 수종마다 낙엽의 양에 차이는 있지만 모든 임분에서 여름철 이후에 집중되는 경향을 보여(Fig. 1), 가을철의 한시적인 낙엽 수집만으로도 최대 엽면적지수의 추정은 유효한 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이, 이러한 낙엽의 수집으로 낙엽의 양 뿐만 아니라 수종마다 SLA와 탈락시기를 정확하게 추정할 수 있었고(Table 3), 간접방법으로는 불가능하기 때문에 국내에서는 시도되지 않았던 각 수종별 엽면적지수를 국내 최초로 산출 할 수 있었다(Fig. 2). 본 연구를 통하여 수종별 낙엽량과 엽면적지수는 각 수종의 흉고단면적과 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나, 간접방법에 의한 전체 엽면적지수를 흉고단면적의 비율을 곱하여 수종별 엽면적지수로 추정하는 것은 상당한 오차가 발생할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다(Fig. 3). 또한 간접방법에 의한 엽면적지수는 잎의 양이 늘고 밀집도가 높아질수록 과소평가되는 오류가 발생하기 쉽기 때문에(Fig. 4, 5), 직접방법에 의한 엽면적지수와의 평가는 필수적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 낙엽에 의한 직접적인 엽면적지수의 측정을 시도함으로써 다양한 수종이 공존하는 우리나라 온대 활엽수림에서 임분의 수종 구성과 밀도, 천이단계, 입지환경 등에 따른 낙엽량과 수종별 엽면적지수의 변화 양상을 정량적으로 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2023

Background: Copy number variation (CNV) can be identified using next-generation sequencing and microarray technologies, the research on the analysis of its association with meat traits in livestock breeding has significantly increased in recent years. Hanwoo is an inherent species raised in the Republic of Korea. It is now considered one of the most economically important species and a major food source mainly used for meat (Hanwoo beef). Methods: In this study, CNVs and the relationship between the obtained CNV regions (CNVRs) can be identified in the Hanwoo steer samples (n = 473) using Illumina Hanwoo SNP 50K bead chip and bioinformatic tools, which were used to locate the required data and meat traits were investigated. The PennCNV software was used for the identification of CNVs, followed by the use of the CNV Ruler software for locating the different CNVRs. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was performed. Results: We found a total of 2,575 autosomal CNVs (933 losses, 1,642 gains) and 416 CNVRs (289 gains, 111 losses, and 16 mixed), which were established with ranged in size from 2,183 bp to 983,333 bp and 10,004 bp to 381,836 bp, respectively. Upon analyzing the restriction of minor alleles frequency > 0.05 for meat traits association, 6 CNVRs in the carcass weight, 2 CNVRs in the marbling score, 3 CNVRs in the backfat thickness, and 2 CNVRs in the longissimus muscle area were related to the meat traits. In addition, we identified an overlap of 347 CNVRs. Moreover, 3 CNVRs were determined to have a gene that affects meat quality. Conclusions: Our results confirmed the relationship between Hanwoo CNVR and meat traits, and the possibility of overlapping candidate genes, annotations, and quantitative trait loci that results depended on to contribute to the greater understanding of CNVs in Hanwoo and its role in genetic variation among cattle livestock.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.251-264
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• 1992

수괴지표성 요각류 및 모악류의 분포, 군집구조 그리고 요인분석으로써 황해 동남 해역에 분포하는 수괴의 시공간적 변동 및 특성을 밝혔다 본 연구에서는 요각류인 Undinula darwini, Lucicutia flavicornis, Pleuromamma gracilis와 모악류인 Sagitta enflata는 난류 외양성 종으로, Euchaeta russelli 와 Euchaeta plana는 난류성이나 내성이 강하여 분포 범위를 넓게 가지는 종으로, Sagitta wassa는 연안성 종으로, Sagitta bedoti는 혼합성 종으로 그리고 Centropages abdominalis는 연안 저온성 종으로 특성 지어졌으며, 이들의 분포로써 수괴를 분석하였다. 2월의 경우, U. darwini, L. flavicornis, P. gracilis, E. russelli, E. plana 그리고 S. enflata가 출현하는 제주도 서방, 수온 $14^{\circ}$ 이상인 해역이 쿠로시오 난류 수괴로, 수온 $10^{\circ}$이하이며, C. abdominalis가 출현하는 진도 이북해역이 황해 냉수괴로 나타났다. E. plana와 E. russelli가 소량 출현하며, 혼합성 종인 S. bedoti가 출현하는 수온 $12-14^{\circ}$인 제주도-진도간 해역은 혼합 수괴인 것으로 나타났다. 8월의 경우, 수온 약층을 경계로 하여 0-20m층과 20m- 저층으로 분리하여 수괴를 분석하였다. 0-20m 층의 경우, E. plana와 E. russelli가 출현하는 대흑산도까지 난류가 미치며, 집괴 분석 및 수괴지표성 종의 분포로써 볼 때 수괴는 연안에서 외양으로 가면서 크게 대별되어졌다. 20m-저층의 경우, 난류성 종인 E. russelli와 E. plana가 출현하며 수온이 $12^{\circ}C$이상인 제주도 서북방 해역이 난류의 영향을 받는 해역으로 나타났으며, 저온성 종인 C. abdominalis가 출현하는 진도 이북 해역이 황해 냉수괴인 것으로 나타났다. 하계 0-20m층의 진도부관 해역 및 20m- 저층의 진도 이북 해역에서 C. abdominalis가 출현하는 것으로 보아 냉수괴가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2012

Using data sets for Japan as a whole, as arranged with approximately $10{\times}10$ km squares (a secondary grid), we investigated the relationship between population density and the habitats of threatened vascular plants listed in the Japanese Red Data Book; depopulated areas in the present and future, areas where under-use may be serious, and those with a predominance of elderly people; and the present state of the habitats in terms of a characteristic land use pattern. Regarding the habitats of threatened vascular plants, the progress of deterioration [$(N_{CR}+N_{EN})/(N_{CR}+N_{EN}+N_{VU})$] in depopulated areas has been confirmed, where $N_{CR}$, $N_{EN}$, and $N_{VU}$ are the numbers of species classified as critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable, respectively. Moreover, in grid squares used by a human such as farmland, the progress of the deterioration simply increases when population density becomes low. However, for many vascular plants, they are particularly endangered in populous areas. Local populations will decrease throughout Japan with the rate of depopulation in and around large cities being relatively slow. We also propose some issues that need further study. The deterioration by human activity may be reduced. On the other hand, some vascular plants may be adversely influenced by depopulation. Additionally, we should keep a close watch on grasslands and water areas in large cities to preserve vascular plants.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2015

Plants and birds have symbiotic relationship as the birds eat the fruits and disperse its seeds from the different places. Because Brown-eared Bulbul eats various fruits, We investigated the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul and the distribution of these seeds. Surveys were conducted at several area throughout Jeju Island at least twice a month from 2013 to 2014. We identified the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul through observation, pictures and interviews from the local residents. Results showed that this species consumed fruits from 82 plant species, belonging to 38 plant families. Thirty nine percent(39%) of these plant species belong to the Rosaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Aquifoliaceae and Vitaceae and 33 species were classified as warm-temperate and subtropical plant which is 40% of the total plant species consumed. Two feeding types, which were gulper type and pecking type were observed for the Brown-eared Bulbul. It was also observed that this species preferred eating fruits of gulping type compared to that of pecking type. The average size of the fruits consumed through gulping was $8.92{\pm}3.41mm$ while it was $45.25{\pm}26.67mm$ for the pecker type. This bird species also consumed more fruits with globular shape compared to those of fruits with ellipse shape. For the fruit color, red and black-colored fruits were more preferred than yellow-colored fruits by Brown-eared Bulbul. Eaten frequency varied from 0.04 to 0.58 and the 10 fruits species were eaten frequently by Brown-eared Bulbul. This study would provide information for the role of Brown-eared Bulbul in the ecosystem as a seed dispersal agent.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1982

현사시는 강력(强力)한 근맹아(根萌芽) 발생능력(發生能力)을 가지고 있는 수종(樹種)이므로 소밀도(疎密度)와 근맹아(根萌芽)와의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하고 그 외(外) 관련인자(關蓮因子)에 대하여 조사(調査)하였다. 또한 연료림(燃料林)과 사방지용(砂防地用) 지피조성(地被造成) 수종(樹種)으로서의 이용(利用) 가능성(可能性)을 검토(檢討)하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.152-161
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of groves of enclosed village in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conservated. 48 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 27 groves of 48 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human use. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of complementing village groves. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavoral characteristics. Dominent species, appearing rate, height, width, density and biodiversity of upper trees were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation of each factor were analiged and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.53-71
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• 1983

Physicochemical properties of soil, mineral cyclings, production of plants, and relationship between sodium(Na) content and progresses of plant communities were studied in a coastal salt marsh in Incheon. Contents of Na, available phosphorus(A-P) and value of electric conductivity of soil decreased in order of Salicornia herbacea, Limonium tetragonum, Phragmites communis and Zoysia sinica communities, but contents of organic matter, total nitrogen(T-N) and calcium(Ca) of soil were vice versa. Specise diversity index decreased with increase of Na content of soil with correlation coefficient of -0.82. The aboveground biomass of plant communities were 2,981 g.dw/$m^2$ in P. communis, 1,471 g.dw/$m^2$ in Z. sinica, 189g.dw/$m^2$ in S. herbacea and 71 g.dw/$m^2$ L. tetragonum, respectively. Seasonal changes of contents of inorganic nutrients per unit land area coincided with those of biomass of plant communities, however, the maximum contents of K occured earlier than the maximum biomass. Amounts of inorganic nutrients absorbed by plant were directly proportion to its biomass and it was true to reverse in restored amounts of them to soil. In turnover times of nutrients of the communities, it took the shortest time for P but the longest for Ca and P. communis community took the shortest but L. tetragonum the longest. For example, in P. communis turover time of P took one year and that of Na 1,440 years. Lack of P element, therefore, was expected in this study area.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.687-692
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• 2010

The mass cultivation of Ecklonia cava Kjellman was studied as a potential biomass source for the extract industry in Korea. Experiments were conducted to investigate the optimal conditions for artificial seed production and mass cultivation of this species. Maximum growth and young thalli development in the nursery culture area occurred at 2 m depth, whereas maximum growth of thalli in the main culture area occurred at 1 m depth. Production of E. cava was between 2.6 and 3.6 kg wet wt. $m^{-1}$ after depth control and removal of fouling organism, etc. The relationship between optimal water depth for culture and underwater irradiance during the E. cava cultivation was calculated as: y = -0.718x + 8.042 ($r^2$=0.976). The growth rates achieved in this trial indicate that E. cava cultures could produce and supply sufficient biomass.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2007

Self-thinning was measured in Salix communities on Bam Island in Seoul at various age stages. $D^2H$ was used to estimate tree biomass, where D is stem diameter at breast height or 10 cm height for plants with height <1.5 m, and H is height. A log-log plot of density versus $D^2H$ and correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between density and biomass with equation 'log $D^2H$ = -1.27 log N + 7.06'. This indicates that self-thinning affects biomass in the Salix community with -1.27 as the thinning coefficient. If we assume a thinning exponent -3/2, then the allometric coefficient of the equation, log w = a log $D^2H$ + b, is 1.18. This is much higher than that for any other species studied in Korea. There were statistically significant relationships between age and density and between age and basal area and these relationships suggest guidelines for transplantation of willows and for the assessment of Salix community restoration projects in riverine wetlands based on standard density, basal area, and age. The results of this study may also increase understanding of succession processes in Salix community restoration in riverine wetlands.