• 제목/요약/키워드: Species diffusivity

검색결과 20건 처리시간 0.027초

EFFECT OF PARTITION AND SPECIES DIFFUSIVITY ON DOUBLE DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION OF WATER NEAR DENSITY MAXIMUM

  • Sivasankaran, S.;Kandaswamy, P.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.71-83
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    • 2007
  • The double diffusive convection of cold water in the vicinity of its density maximum in a rectangular partitioned enclosure of aspect ratio 5 with isothermal side walls and insulated top and bottom is studied numerically. A thin partition is attached to the hot wall. The species diffusivity of the fluid is assumed to vary linearly with concentration. The governing equations are solved by finite difference scheme. The effects of position and height of the partition, variable species diffusivity and enclosure width are analyzed for various hot wall temperatures. It has been found that adding partition on the hot wall reduces the heat transfer. The density inversion of the water has a great influence on the natural convection. When increasing species diffusivity parameter heat and mass transfer rate is decreased.

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A Study on the Distribution and Time Dependent Change of Wood Temperature by Solar Radiation

  • Xu, Hui Lan;Kang, Wook;Chung, Woo Yang
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.141-147
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    • 2009
  • The fluctuation of physical properties in wood or wood composites is an important subject when the materials in building and construction. Sorption and desorption occur in wood when exposed to the open air, and the temperature distribution in wood can fluctuate as a result of changes in environmental temperature, solar radiation, humidity, and wind velocity. In this study, the temperature difference and fluctuation caused by outdoor environment among different wood species were analyzed using a numerical method. The effect on the process of heat transfer in wood caused by environmental factors was investigated using 1-dimensional partial differential equation with real boundary and initial conditions. The experimental data have been used to check the accuracy of programming code. Through analysis, it was found out that density and moisture content have a negative effect on thermal diffusivity of wood.

Transport Behaviour of Electroactive Species in Ionic Compounds: A Focus on Li Diffusion through Transition Metal Oxide in Current Flowing Condition

  • Lee, Sung-Jai;Pyun, Su-Il
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2009
  • This article reviewed transport behaviours of electroactive species in ionic compounds, focusing on chemical diffusion of Li through the transition metal oxide in a current flowing condition. For this purpose, a distinction has been first briefly made between migration and diffusion with respect to current, driving force and charge of electroactive species considered. Then, the equations for chemical diffusion are derived theoretically in open-circuit and current flowing conditions. Finally, the experimental methods such as ac impedance spectroscopy and current (potential) transient techniques are described in details for characterising chemical diffusion. In addition, the role of the thermodynamic enhancement factor in chemical diffusion is discussed.

메탄-수소 대향류확산화염에서 H2와 H의 선호확산을 통한 화학적 효과에 관한 연구 (A Study on Chemical Effecta Through Preferential Diffusion of H2 and H in CH4-H2 Counterflow Diffusion Flames)

  • 박정;권오붕;이의주;윤진한;길상인
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제31권12호
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    • pp.1009-1016
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    • 2007
  • Numerical study on preferential diffusion effects in flame structure in $CH_4-H_2$ diffusion flames is conducted with detailed chemistry. Comparison of flame structures with mixture-averaged species diffusion and suppression of the diffusivities of $H_2$ and H was made. Discernible differences in flame structures are displayed with three species diffusion models. The behaviors of maximum flame temperatures with those species diffusion models are not explained by scalar dissipation rate but by the nature of chemical kinetics. It is seen that the modifcation of flame structure is mainly due to the preferential diffusion of H2 and thereby the nature of chemical kinetics. It is also found that the behaviors of major species with the three species diffusion models are addressed to the nature of chemical kinetics, and this is evident by examining importantly contributing reaction steps to the production and destruction of those chemical species.

알루미나에서 방향족화합물의 분광광도법에 의한 역확산 해석 (Analysis of Counter-diffusion of Aromatic Compounds on Alumina by Spectrophotometry)

  • 고태석;정경환
    • 분석과학
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.205-213
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    • 1995
  • 알루미나에 흡착된 coronene이 tetra-phenylporpine에 의해 탈착되어 역확산되는 과정을 분광광도법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 액상에서 진행되는 흡착되는 물질과 탈착되는 물질의 역확산과정을, 교차하는 물질의 확산량이 같다는 가정 아래 Fritz 2 성분 흡착등온식을 적용한 역확산 모델로 모사하였다. Tetra-phenylporphine에 의해 탈착되는 과정에서 결정된 coronene 의 역확산계수는 ${\sim}10^{-15}m^2/sec$였으며, 흡착되는 과정에서 결정된 tetra-phenylporphine의 역확산계수는 ${\sim}10^{-11}m^2/sec$였다. 탈착되는 과정에서 결정된 coronenne의 역확산계수가 단일 성분의 흡착과정에서 결정된 확산계수에 비해 $10^5$배 정도로 적게 결정되는 이유는, 확산 교차에 의한 효과뿐 아니라 탈착과정에서 세공내 coronene의 농도 구배가 커진 데 기인하는 것으로 설명되었다.

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Modeling of ion diffusion coefficient in saturated concrete

  • Zuo, Xiao-Bao;Sun, Wei;Yu, Cheng;Wan, Xu-Rong
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제7권5호
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    • pp.421-435
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    • 2010
  • This paper utilizes the modified Davis model and the mode coupling theory, as parts of the electrolyte solution theory, to investigate the diffusivity of the ion in concrete. Firstly, a computational model of the ion diffusion coefficient, which is associated with ion species, pore solution concentration, concrete mix parameters including water-cement ratio and cement volume fraction, and microstructure parameters such as the porosity and tortuosity, is proposed in the saturated concrete. Secondly, the experiments, on which the chloride diffusion coefficient is measured by the rapid chloride penetration test, have been carried out to investigate the validity of the proposed model. The results indicate that the chloride diffusion coefficient obtained by the proposed model is in agreement with the experimental result. Finally, numerical simulation has been completed to investigate the effects of the porosity, tortuosity, water-cement ratio, cement volume fraction and ion concentration in the pore solution on the ion diffusion coefficients. The results show that the ion diffusion coefficient in concrete increases with the porosity, water-cement ratio and cement volume fraction, while we see a decrease with the increasing of tortuosity. Meanwhile, the ion concentration produces more obvious effects on the diffusivity itself, but has almost no effects on the other ions.

MULTI-SCALE MODELS AND SIMULATIONS OF NUCLEAR FUELS

  • Stan, Marius
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.39-52
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    • 2009
  • Theory-based models and high performance simulations are briefly reviewed starting with atomistic methods, such as Electronic Structure calculations, Molecular Dynamics, and Monte Carlo, continuing with meso-scale methods, such as Dislocation Dynamics and Phase Field, and ending with continuum methods that include Finite Element and Finite Volume. Special attention is paid to relating thermo-mechanical and chemical properties of the fuel to reactor parameters. By inserting atomistic models of point defects into continuum thermo-chemical calculations, a model of oxygen diffusivity in $UO_{2+x}$ is developed and used to predict point defect concentrations, oxygen diffusivity, and fuel stoichiometry at various temperatures and oxygen pressures. The simulations of coupled heat transfer and species diffusion demonstrate that including the dependence of thermal conductivity and density on composition can lead to changes in the calculated centerline temperature and thermal expansion displacements that exceed 5%. A review of advanced nuclear fuel performance codes reveals that the many codes are too dedicated to specific fuel forms and make excessive use of empirical correlations in describing properties of materials. The paper ends with a review of international collaborations and a list of lessons learned that includes the importance of education in creating a large pool of experts to cover all necessary theoretical, experimental, and computational tasks.

점토층의 밀도 변화에 따른 Co-60의 확산속도 (Diffusivities of Co-60 through the Clay with varying bulk density.)

  • 석태원;김홍태;모세영
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.265-274
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    • 1995
  • Co-60은 원자력발전소에서 발생하는 부식생성물로서 중저준위 방사성폐기물에 함유된 가장 중요한 핵종중 하나다 방사성폐기물처분장 충전물로 많이 사용되는 점토층을 통한 Co-60 확산실험을 하여 밀도변화에 따른 확산계수를 구하였다. Co-60의 확산실험 기간은 점토 밀도에 따라 최소 9시간에서 최대 120일이 걸렸으며, 확산계수는 저밀도인 $0.41g/cm^3$에서 $8.79{\times}10^{11}m^2/s$로부터 고밀도인 $2.03g/cm^3$에서 $6.82{\times}10^{14}m^2/s$까지 급격히 감소하는 현상을 보여주었다. 그리고, 기존에 수행한 연구와 비친 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 2가 이온인 Sr나 Co이온은 저밀도 점토층에서 1가 이온인 Cs 보다 큰 확산속도를 갖는다. 이러한 현상은 점토표면에 흡착되는 양이온들의 수화상태로 부터 설명할 수 있었다. 둘째, Co 이온의 경우 저밀도에서는 Sr이온보다도 큰 확산계수를 보여준다. 이러한 현상은 Co이온의 수화반경이 Sr이온보다 크다는 사실로 해석할 수 있었다. 셋째, 밀도가 증가함에 따라 Co 이온의 확산계수는 Cs 이온보다도 작은 값으로 급격히 감소한다. 이러한 현상은 점토층의 밀도가 증가함에 따라 점토표면과 화학결합을 하는 Co 이온들이 급격히 증가하고, 점토의 결정속으로 잠적하여 점토의 일부가 되는 이온들이 급격히 증가하기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 이와 같은 현상들은 표면확산이론으로 설명이 가능하며 특히 저밀도 점토층에서 Co-60의 확산속도가 크다는 것은 중 저준위 방사성 폐기물 처분장 설계나 안전성 평가에 매우 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.

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국산재의 응용물성연구II: 잣나무 낙엽송의 수분흡착성 및 열적·전기적·음향적 성질 (Study on Physical Properties of Domestic Species II: Sorption, Thermal, Electrical and Acoustic Properties of Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi)

  • 변희섭;이원희;박병수;정성호;강호양
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2008
  • 주요 국산재의 여러 가지 응용물성을 매년 3수종씩, 3년에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 전보에 이어 우리나라의 침엽수 대표 수종인 잣나무 및 낙엽송을 사용하였다. 매년 동일한 장치와 실험조건으로 실험하였기 때문에 모든 수종에 대한 결과를 상호 비교할 수 있었다. 수분흡착성 실험은 목분을 이용하였으며, 넓은 범위의 상대습도조건에 따른 평형함수율과 흡착등온선을 구하였다. 열전도율과 열확산률은 열선열전도장치를, 전기의 부피저항률과 저항은 고전기저항계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 정목재와 판목재의 열적 전기적 특성차이가 관찰되었는데 이는 해부학적 차이에 의한 것으로 보인다. 음향적 성질은 음향측정시스템을 사용하여 동적탄성률, 내부마찰을 측정하였다. 본 논문의 결과들은 목재구조물 설계, 휴대용 목재수분계 보정, 음향적 성질 등에 필요한 기본 자료를 제공한다.

국산재의 응용물성연구 I: 소나무(Pinus densiflora)의 수분흡착성 및 열적·전기적·음향적 성질 (Study on Physical Properties of Domestic Species I: Sorption, Thermal, Electrical and Acoustic Properties of Pinus Densiflora)

  • 강호양;변희섭;이원희;박병수;박정환
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.70-84
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    • 2008
  • 국산재의 여러 가지 응용물성을 매년 3수종씩, 3년에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 첫 수종으로 우리나라의 대표 수종인 소나무를 사용하였다. 매년 동일한 장치와 실험조건으로 실험하였기 때문에 모든 수종에 대한 결과를 상호 비교할 수 있다. 수분흡착성 실험은 목분을 이용하였으며, 가열처리조건에 따른 평형함수율과 흡착등온곡선을 구하였다. 열전도율과 열확산률은 열선열전도장치를, 전기의 부피저항률과 저항은 고전기저항계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 정목재와 판목재의 열적 전기적 특성차이가 관찰되었는데 이는 해부학적 차이에 의한 것으로 보인다. 음향측정시스템을 사용하여 동적탄성률, 내부마찰을 측정하였다. 본 논문의 결과들은 목재구조물 설계, 휴대용 목재수분계 보정, 비파괴검사 등에 필요한 기본 자료를 제공한다.