• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.785-794
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• 2001

Since there is no compatability between primitive types and class types in Java, values of primitive types cannot be assigned to variables of class types cannot be assigned to variables of primitive types. Primitive values must be converted to objects of wrapper classes and special methods must be called in order to extract the primitive values from those objects. In this paper we propose there methods which provide automatic transformation between primitive types and class types for their compatability. Those methods support compatability not only between primitive types but also between wapper classes. The first method utilizes the hierarchy of wrapper classes, the second utilizer java.lang.Number class, and the third utilizes the hierarchy of wrapper interfaces. Through comparison and performance measurement. we confirm that the third method works better than the others.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2019

Background: There have been much efforts to develop the proper and realistic machine Quality Assurance (QA) reflecting on real Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plan. In this work we propose and test a special VMAT plan of plan-class specific (pcsr) QA, as a machine QA so that it might be a good solution to supplement weak point of present machine QA to make it more realistic for VMAT treatment. Materials and Methods: We divided human body into 5 treatment sites: brain, head and neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. One plan for each treatment site was selected from real VMAT cases and contours were mapped into the computational human phantom where the same plan as real VMAT plan was created and called plan-class specific reference (pcsr) QA plan. We delivered this pcsr QA plan on a daily basis over the full research period and tracked how much MLC movement and dosimetric error occurred in regular delivery. Several real patients under treatments were also tracked to test the usefulness of pcsr QA through comparisons between them. We used dynalog file viewer (DFV) and Dynalog file to analyze position and speed of individual MLC leaf. The gamma pass rate from portal dosimetry for different gamma criteria was analyzed to evaluate analyze dosimetric accuracy. Results and Discussion: The maxRMS of MLC position error for all plans were all within the tolerance limit of < 0.35 cm and the positional variation of maxPEs for both pcsr and real plans were observed very stable over the research session. Daily variations of maxRMS of MLC speed error and gamma pass rate for real VMAT plans were observed very comparable to those in their pcsr plans in good acceptable fluctuation. Conclusion: We believe that the newly proposed pcsr QA would be useful and helpful to predict the mid-term quality of real VMAT treatment delivery.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.238-253
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of flipped learning applied printed reading material (PRM) and getting implications for the application of flipped learning applied PRM. For the purpose of this study, we made the flipped learning programs applied printed reading material and applied them to the 6th grade science class in the elementary school. Selection of the applied test is considered the special feature of flipped learning and existing researches about the flipped learning. The PRM contains the Science words, conceptions, explanation about contents. And it was added to checking system by quiz. The results were as follows: The science class applied PRM was effective on increase in Korean elementary school students' the curiosity (in Intrinsic Goal Orientation) and attention (in Task Value) about science class content. There were no significant difference in the results of academic achievement. But the improvement of students' academic achievement in class applied PRM were bigger than that of those in class applied existing methods that follow the process of the teacher's guidebook in the same way. Students had the highest satisfaction about communication and environmental education in the class applied PRM.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.288-297
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• 2003

This study was attempted to find out the actual conditions about drug education among the elementary school teachers. Subjects consisted of nurse-teachers 175, class-room teachers 240 and athletics teachers 53 at the elementary schools in Pusan city. The data collecting period was December 23th through December 28th, 2002 and the collected data were analyzed by SPSSWIN 10.0 program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and $x^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The importance of the drug education in special curriculum has been agreed with 96.0% of nurse-teachers, 90.4% of classroom teachers and 92.4% of athletics teachers. 2. For the drug education, nurse-teachers used to get information through the professional knowledge books(61.1%), and internet (33.1%), on the other hand class-room teachers(80.0%) and athletics teachers (48.9%) used to get information from various media. 3. Until now, the drug education has been performed by 80.6% of nurse-teachers, 34.2% of class-room teachers and 41.5% of athletics teachers. After drug education, the results of self-evaluation showed that 73.8% of nurse-teachers and 51.9% of athletics teachers were satisfied with it, but 69.5% of class-room teachers were not. In terms of the education methodology, most nurse-teachers(85.8%) usually used both verbal lecture and multi-media materials for teaching, but class-room teachers(97.8%) and athletics teachers(81.8%) just gave the verbal lecture. 4. About practical difficulties of drug education, the biggest problem was the absence of no systematic curriculum for nurse-teachers(22.9%), the insufficient expert knowledge for class-room teachers (26.3%) and a lack of education materials for athletics teachers(37.7%). The subjects were responded that the well-qualified personnel in charge of drug education in elementary school were nurse-teachers (52.0%) or nurse-teachers and class-room teachers.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to verify effects of virtual reality based intervention program on communication skills in cafe and class attitudes of students with intellectual disabilities. To do this, 30 students with intellectual disabilities were participated in this study and placed an experimental group and a control group. An experimental group took part in the virtual reality based intervention program on communication skills in cafe and a control group joined in the traditional intervention program at summer vacation from July, 22 to August, 24. Intervention programs of an experimental group and an control group were conducted 5 times in a week for 4 weeks and a class time of each class was 50 minutes. Evaluations of two groups were carried out in pre-test and post-test and data of evaluation was analyzed by independent t-test. In Results of study, communication skills of experimental group were improved higher than control group's. Also, class attitudes of experimental group were changed more positive than control group's on job training class. We knew that virtual reality based intervention program was effectively utilized in transitional education for students with intellectual disabilities.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2017

There are lots of specialized graduate schools such as law school, medical school, business school. These specialized graduate schools has been designed to train the special experts practically from 1990s in Korea. For all that, there are no specialized graduate schools supported by the Small and Medium Business Administration(SMBA). So we will research the establishment plan of SME(Small and Medium Enterprise) specialized school for the development of SMEs. Recently, the SMBA supports the 2 types of graduate school such as the entrepreneurship graduate school and consulting graduate school. However, it is clear that these 2 types of schools are yet insufficient in terms of efficiency and redundancy. As the representative specialized graduate schools are law school and MOT(Management of Technology) in Korea, we do the comparative study with law school and MOT school. Through the comparative study, we can find some implication for SME specialized graduate school. As a result, the SME school has to need the training system such as the special master's and doctor's degree, over 3 year course work, daytime class, many practical professors, specialized programs with industry like the MOT school. In conclusion, we suggest that : First, the SME specialized graduate school has to be designed for potential SME consultants. Second, the entrepreneurship graduate school and the consulting graduate school can be integrated into the SME specialized school easily. Third, the SME specialized graduate school can have new educational models.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.223-235
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• 2009

Elementary education in Korea has variously changed and developed during the last thirty years. Among all the progressive changes, the improvement of teaching conditions is considered to be the most fundamental one. The number of students assigned to a class or a teacher has decreased to a considerable extent. Cyber teaching-learning has been peformed at school and home, and English education has been emerged as a significant part of the Korean public education. The research issues constantly considered essential over the past three decades starting in the 1980's are those related to curricula, teaching-learning methods, training of teachers in-service, and education for upright characters. The practical and political issues should be dealt with to revise the three integrated subjects and text books into a sole integrated subject and text book, to double the credential of teachers in terms of professionalism and to decrease the number of students per teacher in Korea to the OECD level.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

In 2001, the notion of a fuzzy poset defined on a set X via a triplet (L, G, I) of functions with domain X ${\times}$ X and range [0, 1] satisfying a special condition L+G+I = 1 is introduced by J. Negger and Hee Sik Kim, where L is the 'less than' function, G is the 'greater than' function, and I is the 'incomparable to' function. Using this approach, we are able to define a special class of fuzzy posets, and define the 'skeleton' of a fuzzy poset in view of major relation. In this sense, we define the linear discrepancy of a fuzzy poset of size n as the minimum value of all maximum of I(x, y)${\mid}$f(x)-f(y)${\mid}$ for f ${\in}$ F and x, y ${\in}$ X with I(x, y) > $\frac{1}{2}$, where F is the set of all injective order-preserving maps from the fuzzy poset to the set of positive integers. We first show that the definition is well-defined. Then, it is shown that the optimality appears at the same injective order-preserving maps in both cases of a fuzzy poset and its skeleton if the linear discrepancy of a skeleton of a fuzzy poset is 1.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.29 no.5_6
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• pp.1583-1602
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• 2011

A special system of partial differential equations (PDEs) occur in a natural way while studying a class of irrotational inviscid fluid flow problems involving infinite channels. Certain aspects of solutions of such PDEs are analyzed in the context of flow problems involving multiple layers of fluids of different constant densities in a channel associated with arbitrary bottom topography. The whole analysis is divided into two parts-part A and part B. In part A the linearized theory is employed along with the standard Fourier analysis to understand such flow problems and physical quantities of interest are derived analytically. In part B, the same set of problems handled in part A are examined in the light of a weakly non-linear theory involving perturbation in terms of a small parameter and it is shown that the original problems can be cast into KdV type of nonlinear PDEs involving the bottom topography occurring in one of the coefficients of these equations. Special cases of bottom topography are worked out in detail and expressions for quantities of physical importance are derived.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

It is as result that study to apply mini magnet nerve curer in peripheral nervous system disease treatment. Simulator and embodied action power and Control Unit in cylinder form of magnet roof object firstly. Yielded service area about special quality of probe of loop object cylinder style and treatment area dimension and distance of treatment pulse secondly. Embody pulse forming course energy value by Probe's form by third, could embody treatment pulse by disease. Specially, through a special quality experiment, saved Damping pulse form and treatment digital forming etc. variously. Lately, embodied this to aid a little in disease treatment that follow that there is no invasion that there is no stimulation by medicine development. Neuralgia, muscular disease and Altzheimer, with stroke etc. is becoming the matter of concern and interest which disease of adult etc. it is same is important. And the melancholia in compliance with the modern direction of a ceremony which is complicated and garrulous, trillion it will cry and symptoms, it is a tendency where the emotional obstacle etc. nervous psychiatric disorder patient is increasing at class speed. But currently the applicator it will be able to treat like this disease almost it is a condition which is wholly lacking. Consequently like this disease it used magnetic stimulation and it diagnosed and the equipment it will be able to treat plan and it embodied.