• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.98 no.2
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate spatial distribution pattern and spatial association of crowns (${\geq}10m$ of height) and saplings (<10 m of height and ${\geq}2cm$ of DBH) for four major tree species (Pinus koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Acer mono, and Tilia amurensis) in the mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest of Xiaoxing'an Mts. Vegetation data were collected in the 9 ha permanent sample plot, and the analysis adopted the point pattern analysis method. Main results are as follows; 1) crowns and saplings of major species showed clumped distribution pattern in small scale, became random distribution as the scale was increased. 2) Saplings of Pinus koraiensis performed poor regeneration under the crowns of Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis; Saplings of Abies nephrolepis did good regeneration under the crowns of Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis; and crowns of Acer mono and Tilia amurensis had little effect on the distribution of saplings of Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis. Saplings of Acer mono and Tilia amurensis made good regeneration under the crowns of Pinus koraiensis and Tilia amurensis; and the crowns of Acer mono and Abies nephrolepis had little effect on the distribution of saplings of Acer mono.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.18
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1999

This study aims to provide architectural basis of the new space planning in university library and anticipate direction in future. This study is to analyze the spatial transition in the existing facility, based on field observation of the domestic university library and on theoretical data from the related article. The result that include a transition of the existing facility and the present is as following as below. 1) Spatial transitions by networking are making specific system room. The minimum area of this specific system room is 33.95$m^2$. 2) Spatial transition by information service is forming computer room. the minimum area of a environmental carrel, which is possibly located to computer room, is 2.98~3.42$m^2$. 3) Spatial transition by spreading multimedia information is to make the multimedia information is to make the multimedia room. It is necessary to independent, flexibility, and extensionable space. 4) Library interior spatial transition by developing information technology is prospected that in case of reading room, office enlarge the scale, in case of stack decrease the scale. The university library must be kept up their function and also be functioned as electronic library which serve new information.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.29 no.B
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2009

University is very big scale among urban facilities as for single facilities and there is characteristic that accompany various university support functions in contiguity area. Width that have diverse spatial configuration generally our country university campus around was formed, this does function that connect university and ambit. Specially, formation enables change of spatial configuration that existent width system has if is new around university campus. Also, can form more animate and lively width spatial configuration by forming more various and complex width spatial configuration in width had formed in existing. It is that search special quality of university surrounding width spatial configuration analyzing existing width spatial configuration of Kangwon National University back gate by formation if this study is new in city and forecasts the change, and used space syntax by spatial configuration analysis method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.4060-4079
• /
• 2020

Blur is an important type of image distortion. How to evaluate the quality of blurred image accurately and efficiently is a research hotspot in the field of image processing in recent years. Inspired by the multi-scale perceptual characteristics of the human visual system (HVS), this paper presents a no-reference image blur/sharpness assessment method based on multi-scale local features in the spatial domain. First, considering various content has different sensitivity to blur distortion, the image is divided into smooth, edge, and texture regions in blocks. Then, the Gaussian scale space of the image is constructed, and the categorized contrast features between the original image and the Gaussian scale space images are calculated to express the blur degree of different image contents. To simulate the impact of viewing distance on blur distortion, the distribution characteristics of local maximum gradient of multi-resolution images were also calculated in the spatial domain. Finally, the image blur assessment model is obtained by fusing all features and learning the mapping from features to quality scores by support vector regression (SVR). Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on four synthetically blurred databases and one real blurred database. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can produce quality scores more consistent with subjective evaluations than other methods, especially for real burred images.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.43 no.9
• /
• pp.963-973
• /
• 2016

Providing a semantic knowledge system using media ontologies requires not only conventional axiom reasoning but also knowledge extension based on various types of reasoning. In particular, spatio-temporal information can be used in a variety of artificial intelligence applications and the importance of spatio-temporal reasoning and expression is continuously increasing. In this paper, we append the LOD data related to the public address system to large-scale media ontologies in order to utilize spatial inference in reasoning. We propose an RDFS/Spatial inference system by utilizing distributed memory-based framework for reasoning about large-scale ontologies annotated with spatial information. In addition, we describe a distributed spatio-temporal SPARQL parallel query processing method designed for large scale ontology data annotated with spatio-temporal information. In order to evaluate the performance of our system, we conducted experiments using LUBM and BSBM data sets for ontology reasoning and query processing benchmark.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.616-634
• /
• 2009

Criticizing the existing social science approaches to transnational migration for their ignorance of spatial perspectives and the resultant limits in the understanding of the concrete processes of international migration and settlement, this paper aims to examine how spatial perspectives and geographical epistemology can positively contribute to the understanding and conceptualization of transnational migration. In particular, it emphasizes that the processes of transnational migration cannot be solely understood in terms of 1) global capitalist restructuring and economic rationality, 2) the impacts of deterritoralized transnational networks, or 3) the operation of immigration regimes constructed at the national scale. Alternatively, this paper argues that the conceptualization of 'transnational space', which is based on the understanding of the socio-spatial dimensions - that is, place, territory, scale and networks - that affect the processes of transnational migration, could significantly contribute to the understanding of the transnational migration.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.53-70
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task conditions (physical similarity between the spatial product and the reference space, presentation place of the spatial product) on children's spatial representation. The participants consisted of 40 3-year-olds and 40 4-year-olds. The results of this study are as follows. Both 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds were capable of a greater degree of spatial representation when there was a high level of physical similarity between the spatial product and the reference space, and when the presentation place of the spatial product was in the reference space. 4-year-olds were capable of more accurate spatial representation than 3-year-olds. There was no significant difference in the children's spatial representation depending on the type of spatial product (scale model, map). The results revealed that the physical similarity between the spatial product and the reference space and the presentation place of the spatial product are essential in young children's spatial representation. Additionally, the results indicated that spatial representation of children develops gradually from when they are three to when they turn four.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.241-253
• /
• 2000

The degree to which microenvironmental factors are linked to spatial patterns of vegetational factors within ecosystems has important consequences for our understanding of how ecosytems are structured and for conservation of rare species in ecosystems. We studied this relationships between the spatial patterns of microenvironmental factors and vegetational factors in temperate hardwood forest in Mt. Jumbong Biological Reserve Area, Korea. To do this, environmental and vegetational factors from 196 micropoints in a 0.49 ha plot were investigated. Most of all environmental factors and vegetational factors showed the variations among micropoints. Microtopographic factors, litter depth, soil moisture content and relative light intensity at this site were spatially dependent at a scale of 14∼62 m. Coverage of tree and shrub layer and species diversity of herb layer in autumn were spatially dependent at a scale of < 15 m. Species richness and species diversity of herb layer in spring and species richness of herb layer in autumn were spatially dependent at a scale of 28∼48 m. Multiple regression analysis showed that spatial patterns of species richness and species diversity of herb layer in spring and autumn were affected by litter depth, slope, subtree layer, shrub, Sasa borealis etc. The best predictor for the spatial patterns of species richness and species diversity of herb layer at this site was the spatial pattern of litter depth. Species richness and species diversity of herb layer showed strongly negative correlation with litter depth. We estimate that the spatial pattern of litter depth at this site were affected by direction of wind, microtopography and spatial pattern of shrub layer.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.774-779
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a large-scale qualitative spatial reasoner using Apache Spark, an in-memory high speed cluster computing environment, which is effective for sequencing and iterating component reasoning jobs. The proposed reasoner can not only check the integrity of a large-scale spatial knowledge base representing topological and directional relationships between spatial objects, but also expand the given knowledge base by deriving new facts in highly efficient ways. In general, qualitative reasoning on topological and directional relationships between spatial objects includes a number of composition operations on every possible pair of disjunctive relations. The proposed reasoner enhances computational efficiency by determining the minimal set of disjunctive relations for spatial reasoning and then reducing the size of the composition table to include only that set. Additionally, in order to improve performance, the proposed reasoner is designed to minimize disk I/Os during distributed reasoning jobs, which are performed on a Hadoop cluster system. In experiments with both artificial and real spatial knowledge bases, the proposed Spark-based spatial reasoner showed higher performance than the existing MapReduce-based one.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2020

The spatial variability of geotechnical properties can lead to the uncertainty of settlement for frozen soil foundation around the oil pipeline, and it can affect the stability of permafrost foundation. In this paper, the elastic modulus, cohesion, angle of internal friction and poisson ratio are taken as four independent random fields. A stochastic analysis model for the uncertain settlement characteristic of frozen soil foundation around an oil pipeline is presented. The accuracy of the stochastic analysis model is verified by measured data. Considering the different combinations for the coefficient of variation and scale of fluctuation, the influences of spatial variability of geotechnical properties on uncertain settlement are estimated. The results show that the stochastic effects between elastic modulus, cohesion, angle of internal friction and poisson ratio are obviously different. The deformation parameters have a greater influence on stochastic settlement than the strength parameters. The overall variability of settlement reduces with the increase of horizontal scale of fluctuation and vertical scale of fluctuation. These results can improve our understanding of the influences of spatial variability of geotechnical properties on uncertain settlement and provide a theoretical basis for the reliability analysis of pipeline engineering in permafrost regions.