• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.601-608
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• 2015

In order to answer questions successfully on behalf of the human contestant in DeepQA environments such as 'Jeopardy!', the American quiz show, the computer needs to have the capability of fast temporal and spatial reasoning on a large-scale commonsense knowledge base. In this paper, we present a hybrid spatial reasoning algorithm, among various efficient spatial reasoning methods, for handling directional and topological relations. Our algorithm not only improves the query processing time while reducing unnecessary reasoning calculation, but also effectively deals with the change of spatial knowledge base, as it takes a hybrid method that combines forward and backward reasoning. Through experiments performed on the sample spatial knowledge base with the hybrid spatial reasoner of our algorithm, we demonstrated the high performance of our hybrid spatial reasoning algorithm.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.2 s.19
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• pp.59-72
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find the spatial factors, strucure of living and activity in traditional Korean house through the Phiysiological view, Spatial factors of the house are concerned to the interior environment and sanitary condition, The elements of respiratory, nerve, temperature sence. vision, hearing, smelling have good condition and touch, pressure sence, pain, metabolism are poor in the house, Ventilation, Lighting, pleasant condition of interior environment are concerned to the elements that mentioned above and have most important meaning in the relation rate of space as 1st factor. And 2nd factor is for metabolism, housework and rest, 3rd factor ie for temperature sence, privacy and reproduction. The relation rate of factors concering interior environment are high in the upper class house. Anbang has important meaning in the relation of living structure and relation sequence of space is anbang, Konnonbang, kitchen, toilet, water place, auxiliary buildings. The relation rate of activity is high in interior space in winter and exterior space in summer.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.111-119
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• 2014

This papers is to find out the design theory of total healing environment through the studies on the mutually complementary roles of proxemics, which is the objective and numerical design indicator in the analysis of space and the spacial expression theory, which is the subjective and intuitive design indicator. 3 factors in the elements of total healing environment have the following relationship. And 8 behavioral affordance factors in the elements of spatial expression have the following mutual relationships; The physical factor of total healing environment has the relation with the work&study(+) and circulation(+), the psychological factor has the relationship with the rest(-),visual sequence(-),social exchange(+),refreshment(-) and meditation(-). In addition, the social factor of total healing environment has the relation with the circulation(+),social exchange(+) and community(+). And the work&study(+) and rest(-) of the refuge have the relation with the intimate distance and personal distance, the circulation (+) and visual sequence (-) of the flow has the relationship with the social distance. In addition, the social exchange (+) and the refreshment (-) of the prospect have the relation with the near public distance and the community (+) and meditation (-) of the void have the relation with the far public distance. According to the analysis, the cases in 5 children hospital were studied and the characteristics of total healing environment was evaluated for the spatial proxemics.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1988

This study was designed to investigate the relation between perspective-taking skills and communication abilities of young children. The major purposes of this study were to study the relation between perspective-taking skills and communication abilities, to investigate the relation perspective-taking skills and communication abilities with differing listeners, to investigate sex differences in communication abilities within the higher group the perspective-taking skills with differing listeners, and to determine differences between the sexes in communication abilities within the higher group of perspective-taking skills in different situational conditions. Sixty kindergarteners (30 boys and 30 girls) were tested on their perspective taking abilities and divided into two groups, the higher and the lower groups. Five instruments were used in this study: spatial, affective and cognitive perspective-taking tests, expression-ability test, and a communication ability test. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using Pearson's r, point biserial coefficient correlations (rpb), t-test, and three-way analyses of variance with one factor repeated measurement. There were significant relations between spatial, cognitive perspective-taking skills and kindergartener's communication abilities. There were no significant differences in communication abilities in differing listeners and situational conditions. In the group whose level of perspective taking-skills was high, differences between the sexes were found in spatial, and affective perspective-taking skills, only in case of differing listeners.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2008

GeoSensor network means sensor network infra and related software of specific form monitoring a variety of circumstances over geospatial. And these GeoSensor network is implemented by mixing data stream with spatial attribute, spatial relation. But, until a recent date sensor network system has been concentrated on a store and search method of sensor data stream except for a spatial information. In this paper, we propose a definition of spatial data stream and its join strategy model at GeoSensor network, which combine data stream with spatial data. Spatial data stream s defining in this paper are dynamic spatial data stream of a moving object type and static spatial data stream of a fixed type. Dynamic spatial data stream is data stream transmitted by moving sensor as GPS, while static spatial data stream is generated by joining a data stream of general sensor and a relation with location values of these sensors. This paper propose joins of dynamic spatial data stream and static spatial data stream, and cost models estimating join cost. Finally, we show verification of proposed cost models and performance by join strategy.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.4 no.1 s.7
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• pp.39-46
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• 2002

In distributed spatial database systems, users nay issue a query that joins two relations stored at different sites. The sheer volume and complexity of spatial data bring out expensive CPU and I/O costs during the spatial join processing. This paper shows a new spatial join method which joins two spatial relation in a parallel way. Firstly, the initial join operation is divided into two distinct ones by partitioning one of two participating relations based on the region. This two join operations are assigned to each sites and executed simultaneously. Finally, each intermediate result sets from the two join operations are merged to an ultimate result set. This method reduces the number of spatial objects participating in the spatial operations. It also reduces the scope and the number of scanning spatial indices. And it does not materialize the temporary results by implementing the join algebra operators using the iterator. The performance test shows that this join method can lead to efficient use in terms of buffer and disk by narrowing down the joining region and decreasing the number of spatial objects.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

The tuple of constraint database consists of constraint logical formula and it could process the presentation and query of the constraint database simply. Query operation processing shall include the constraint formula between related tuple such as selection, union, intersection of spatial data through the constraint database. However, this could produce the increasing of duplicated or unnecessary data. Hence, it will drive up the cost as per quality. This paper identified problems regarding query processing result in the constraint database. Also this paper suggested the tuple minimization summary method for result relation and analyzed the effects for efficient query processing. We were able to identify that the effectiveness of the query processing was enhanced by eliminating unnecessary constraint formula of constraint relation using the tuple minimization method.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.257-270
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• 2005

Many studies states that improperly uprising of infrastructure may cause leading the forest degradation and canopy reduction in many tropical forest of Asian countries. Other studies revealed that habitat destruction and fragmentation, edge effects, exotic species invasions, pollution are provoked by roads. Similarly, environmental effects of road construction in forests are problematic. Similarly, many researches have been indicated that roads have a far greater impact on forests than simply allowing greater access for human use. Moreover, people using river as means of transportation hence illegal logging and felling cause canopy depletion in many countries. Therefore, it is important to comprehend the study about spatial relation of road, river and suburb followed by temporal change of forest canopy phenomena. This study also tried to examine the effect of road, river and suburb in forest canopy density change of Terai forest of Nepal from you 1988 to 2001. So, Landsat TM88, 92 and 001 and FCD (Forest Canopy Density) mapper were used to perform the spatial .elation of canopy density change. ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System) which is GIS software and compatible with remote sensing data was used to execute analysis and visualize the results. Study found that influence of distance to suburb and river had statistically significance influenced in canopy change. Though road also influenced canopy density much but didn't show a statistical relation. It can be concluded from this research that understanding of spatial relation of factors respect with canopy change is quite complex phenomena unless detail analysis of surrounding environment. Hence, it is better to carry out comprehensive analysis with other additional factors such as biophysical, anthropogenic, social, and institutional factors for proper approach of their effect on canopy change.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2017

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a large-scale qualitative spatial reasoner, which can derive new qualitative spatial knowledge representing both topological and directional relationships between two arbitrary spatial objects in efficient way using Aparch Spark SQL. Apache Spark SQL is well known as a distributed parallel programming environment which provides both efficient join operations and query processing functions over a variety of data in Hadoop cluster computer systems. In our spatial reasoner, the overall reasoning process is divided into 6 jobs such as knowledge encoding, inverse reasoning, equal reasoning, transitive reasoning, relation refining, knowledge decoding, and then the execution order over the reasoning jobs is determined in consideration of both logical causal relationships and computational efficiency. The knowledge encoding job reduces the size of knowledge base to reason over by transforming the input knowledge of XML/RDF form into one of more precise form. Repeat of the transitive reasoning job and the relation refining job usually consumes most of computational time and storage for the overall reasoning process. In order to improve the jobs, our reasoner finds out the minimal disjunctive relations for qualitative spatial reasoning, and then, based upon them, it not only reduces the composition table to be used for the transitive reasoning job, but also optimizes the relation refining job. Through experiments using a large-scale benchmarking spatial knowledge base, the proposed reasoner showed high performance and scalability.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.647-658
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze students' learning characteristics regarding spatial ability, orienteering ability and earth science content learning ability and their relationship through development and application of earth science activities using orienteering. The programme aims to improve students' spatial ability using orienteering activity which requires spatial ability. Topics in the programme included map, compass, contour, movement of celestial, and constellation application. Students were to orienteer in the field using the method they learned in class. This programme was applied to five 7th graders. The results are, first, students who have positive attitude toward science and do well at school tended to perceive their orienteering ability high. Second, all parts of spatial ability, spatial visualization, spatial orientation, spatial relation were used during orienteering, especially spatial visualization and spatial orientation. The relationship between spatial ability, orienteering ability, and earth science content learning abilities was not clear. However, orienteering ability and earth science content learning ability were in similar tendency.