• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.9A no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2002

In this paper we implemented various image processing filtering using the format converter. This design method is based on realized the large processor-per-pixel array by integrated circuit technology. These two types of integrated structure are can be classify associative parallel processor and parallel process DRAM (or SRAM) cell. Layout pitch of one-bit-wide logic is Identical memory cell pitch to array high density PEs in integrate structure. This format converter design has control path implementation efficiently, and can be utilize the high technology without complicated controller hardware. Sequence of array instruction are generated by host computer before process start, and instructions are saved on unit controller. Host computer is executed the pixel-parallel operation starting at saved instructions after processing start. As a result, we obtained three result that 1) simple smoothing suppresses higher spatial frequencies, reducing noise but also blurring edges, 2) a smoothing and segmentation process reduces noise while preserving sharp edges, and 3) median filtering may be applied to reduce image noise. Median filtering eliminates spikes while maintaining sharp edges and preserving monotonic variations in pixel values.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.53-71
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• 2015

Geographical travel(Geotravel) is new theme tourism based on geographical fieldwork. Geotravel is an emotional journey to explore physical and human landscapes, and is also a comprehensive environmental one beyond the scope of historical tourism. Geotravel provides an optimized regional content and programs for experiential tourism of the family. Taking advantage of geographical characteristics as spatial tourism, the geotravel methodology in catchment unit is strongly recommended. The geotravel content has to be developed in convergence standpoint. The integrated key words of geotravel are human and water. Geotravel is a pattern of specialized edutainment tourism for the public and elementary, secondary school students as well. The development of geographical travel courses is necessary for the popularization of geotravel. Mobile apps will be the medium that delivers easy geographical travel information. And geotravel curator has to be raised quickly for the generalized easy and interesting geotravel.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2013

This paper investigates both the spatial patterns of aging population and its formal regional structure in 2010. The results are as follows: first, aging index shows high values in remote mountainous and coastal regions while showing relatively low values in Capital Region and large provincial cities. Aging index has low negative correlation with such variables as population increasing rate, ratio of youth population, ratio of apartments, and ratio of newly built housing. However, aging index shows high positive correlation with variables including ratio of single unit house, ratio of aged peoples' house ownerships, ratio of welfare recipients, ratio of old housing, and number of public healthcare facilities. Secondly, four factors are identified from factor analysis including aging factor, welfare factor, economic vitality factor, and new town factor. The aging level of a region is negatively related to the strong level of those factors. Thirdly, cluster analysis results in four different types of formal regions including rural mountainous coastal type, rural non-capital region type, large metropolitan type, and provincial industrial city type.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.449-463
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• 2015

Video object tracking is important for variety of applications, such as security, video indexing and retrieval, video surveillance, communication, and compression. This paper proposes an object tracking method in HEVC bitstreams. Without pixel reconstruction, motion vector (MV) and size of prediction unit in the bitstream are employed in an Spatio-Temporal Markov Random Fields (ST-MRF) model which represents the spatial and temporal aspects of the object's motion. Coefficient-based object shape adjustment is proposed to solve the over-segmentation and the error propagation problems caused in other methods. In the experimental results, the proposed method provides on average precision of 86.4%, recall of 79.8% and F-measure of 81.1%. The proposed method achieves an F-measure improvement of up to 9% for over-segmented results in the other method even though it provides only average F-measure improvement of 0.2% with respect to the other method. The total processing time is 5.4ms per frame, allowing the algorithm to be applied in real-time applications.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.801-810
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• 2011

This paper proposes a new lossless data embedding algorithm on spatial domain of digital images. A single key parameter is required to embed and extract data in the algorithm instead of embedding any additional information such as the location map. A $3{\times}3$ window slides over the cover image by one pixel unit, and one bit can be embedded at each position of the window. So, the ideal embedding capacity equals to the number of pixels in an image. For further increase of embedding capacity, new weight parameters for the estimation of embedding target pixels have been used. As a result, significant increase in embedding capacity and better quality of the message-embedded image in high capacity embedding have been achieved. This algorithm is verified with simulations.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.75-82
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• 2004

Many researcher's efforts have made a significant advancement of space frame structure with various portion, and it becomes the most outsanding one of space structures. However, with the characteristics of thin and long term of spacing, the unstable behavior of space structure is shown by initial imperfection, erection procedure or joint, especially space frame structure represents more. This kind of unstable problem could not be set up clearly and there is a huge difference between theory and experiment. Moreover, the discrete structure such as space frame has more complex solution, this it is not easy to derive the formulation of design about space structure. In this space frame structure, the character of rise-span ratio or load mode is represented by the instability of space frame structure with initial imperfection, and snap-through or bifurcation might be the main phenomenon. Therefore, in this study, space frame structure which has a lot of aesthetic effect and profitable for large space covering single layer is dealt. And because that the unstable behavior due to variation of inner force resistance in the elastic range is very important collapse mechanism, I would like to investigate unstable character as a nonlinear behavior with a geometric nonlinear. In order to study the instability. I derive tangent stiffness matrix using finite element method and with displacement incremental method perform nonlinear analysis of unit space structure, star dome and 3-ring star dome considering rise-span $ratio(\mu}$ and load $ratio(R_L)$ for analyzing unstable phenomenon.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.134-144
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• 2018

In this study, the historical drought in East Asia was analyzed with the Community Land Model (CLM) and CLM-Variable infiltration capacity (CLM-VIC). The observation dataset, Climate Research Unit (CRU), were also applied to check and estimate the historical drought for 1951 - 2010. The annual precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration by CRU, CLM and CLM-VIC were investigated before estimating the meteorological drought index, which is the Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Three variables by observation and simulations have generally similar spatial pattern in East Asia even though there are some mere differences depending on the local area. These similar patterns are also founded in the results of SPEI by CRU, CLM and CLM-VIC. However, the similarity of SPEI becomes weaker as the drought severity goes severer from D1 to D4.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.690-700
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• 2008

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model users tend to use the readily available input dataset, such as the Ministry of Environment (MOE) land cover data ignoring temporal and spatial changes in land cover. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated with this land cover data. The EI values were 0.79 and 0.85 for streamflow calibration and validation, respectively. The EI were 0.79 and 0.86 for sediment calibration and validation, respectively. With newly prepared landcover dataset for the Doam-dam watershed, the SWAT model better predicts hydrologic and sediment behaviors. The number of HRUs with new land cover data increased by 70.2% compared with that with the MOE land cover, indicating better representation of small-sized agricultural field boundaries. The SWAT estimated annual average sediment yield with the MOE land cover data was 61.8 ton/ha/year for the Doam-dam watershed, while 36.2 ton/ha/year (70.7% difference) of annual sediment yield with new land cover data. Especially the most significant difference in estimated sediment yield was 548.0% for the subwatershed #2. Therefore it is recommended that one needs to carefully validate land cover for the study watershed for accurate hydrologic and sediment simulation with the SWAT model.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2015

The paper begins with the idea of the society of the continued rooms that building connects architectural space (building interior) and urban open space (urban interior) or countryside/rural open space (territorial interior). It gives an account of, through literature review, a theoretical possibility of integrating not only architecture and urbanism but also architecture and countryside/rural planning. The first site explores the continuously articulated and connected spaces between building interior, urban interior, and territorial interior, in understanding Alberti's analogy, "A house is a little city." (1452) The second site illustrates architecture as an open boundary and a spatial medium which makes building, urban, and territorial interiors connect and makes them continuous. There is an opportunity of reading the continued relations and the continua of spaces. The third site deals with the form of building that architecture creates for building interior (society of rooms) and urban interior (society of urban rooms), and moderates the interiors. The last site clarifies the territorial interior (society of countryside/rural rooms) that constitutes homogeneous spatiality moderated by architecture between building interior and urban interior. The paper discusses the society of the continued interiors(building/urban/territorial interiors) that ought to be a fundamental truth in the field of every project which deals with a unit of space. It logically clarifies the society of the interiors, not isolated and blocked off but multilayered and continued. It comes to the conclusion that the territorial interior should be subsumed under the design field and the society of the continued rooms ought to be considered as a united object of space in the fields of interior architecture/design, architecture, landscape, urbanism and countryside/rural planning. Ultimately, it aims at offering a departing point of discourse and a theoretical foundation for the future studies on urban interior and territorial interior.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2012

With the development of MEMS, small and low-priced sensors integrating IMU and GPS have produced and exploited for diverse field. In this research, we have judged that MEMS-based IMU/GPS sensor is suitable for light-weighted mobile mapping system and carried out experiments to analyze the characteristics of MTi-G, which was developed from XSens company. From a sensor which fixed to dashboard, coordinates results with no post-processing were achieved for test area. On the whole, the results show satisfactory performances but some errors also were discovered from parts of the road due to sensor properties, XKF characteristics and GPS reception environment. We could confirm the potential of light-weighted mobile mapping system. Experiments considering various GPS reception environments and road condition and more detailed level of accuracy analysis will be performed for further research.