• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2017

Background: The presence of visuospatial impairment can make patients slow functional recovery and impede the rehabilitation process in TBI patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate effects of prism adaptation treatment for functional outcomes in patients following traumatic brain injury. Methods: The subject received prism adaptation treatment for 2 weeks additionally during traditional rehabilitation for 4 weeks. The Patient has prism adaptation treatment while wearing wedge prisms that shift the external environment about $12^{\circ}$ leftward. The patient received 10 sessions, 15-20min each session. Outcome measures were visuospatial deficit(line bisection, latter cancellation), Visual and spatial perception(LOTCA-visual perception and spatial perception), motor function of upper extremity(FMA U/E; Fugl-Meyer motor assessment upper extremity, ARAT; Action research arm test), balance(BBS; Berg Balance Scale), mobility(FAC; Functional ambulation classification) and functional level(FIM; Functional independent measure). All Assessments took place on study entry and post-treatment assessments were performed at discharge from the hospital. Results: After prism adaptation, the visuospatial impairment scores improved as indicated in the line bisection(-15.2 to -6.02), latter cancellation(2 to 0) and LOTCA- spatial perception scores(7 to 9). The upper motor function improved as indicated in the scores of affected FMA U/E(21 to 40) and ARAT(4 to 22). Ambulation and balance improved as indicated in the BBS scores(25 to 38) and FAC scores(0 to 4). ADL function improved as indicated in the FIM total scores 54 to 70(motor 34 to 61, cognition 20 to 29). Conclusion: Prism adaptation did improve functional level such as motor functions and ADL abilities in TBI patient. Further research is recommended.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.916-926
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• 2011

It is well known that high-resolution 3D movie contents frequently do not deliver the identical 3D perception to low-resolution 3D images. For solving this problem, we propose a novel method that produces a new stereoscopic image based on depth map transformation using the spatial complexity of an image. After analyzing the depth map histogram, the depth map is decomposed into multiple depth planes that are transformed based upon the spatial complexity. The transformed depth planes are composited into a new depth map. Experimental results demonstrate that the lower the spatial complexity is, the higher the perceived video quality and depth perception are. As well, visual fatigue test showed that the stereoscopic images deliver less visual fatigue.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to explore typical behaviors of spatial usages such as patterns of spatial usages, perception on residential spaces, and furniture arrangement. A questionnaire survey and interview were adopted in this study, and 146 residents living in apartment with 3 bedrooms, stairway access, and 3-bay style in the City of Gwangju. The major findings of this study were that 1) dining-kitchen (DK) was conceived and used as a space not only for dining but also family gathering and guest reception. Dining table without refrigerator was frequently found in furniture arrangement of DK, and refrigerator has been relocated in utility room facing DK. The results imply the need for social interaction that has been growing. Anbang (master bedroom) has been perceived and used as couples' private area, aside from the traditional function of family interaction. A coordination of both bed and wardrobe out of different furniture arrangements was popular in anbang. Living room was used as a multi-purpose room carrying out various activities such as family gathering, guest reception, and housekeeping. Sofa and cabinet were the most common furniture arrangement in living room. The research results are a basis for residential open housing system.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.359-388
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• 2012

The study aims to extract the framework of sub-factors of spatial sense, to develop test instruments based on the framework to investigate the actual spatial sense ability of fourth to sixth graders in elementary school and to analyze the results. According to the framework of sub-factors of spatial sense of the study, spatial sense has two factors of spatial visualization and spatial orientation. Spatial visualization is divided into mental rotation, mental transformation and figure-ground perception while spatial orientation is categorized into direction sense, distance sense, and location sense. Based on the framework, the test instrument for spatial sense ability was developed and the test was conducted to 430 fourth to sixth students in five elementary schools in capital areas. The following conclusions were drawn from the results obtained in the study. Firstly, the higher school year gets, the more spatial sense grows. However, spatial visualization is developed much more than spatial orientation and their order is reversed with higher graders. Secondly, the most insufficient abilities among fourth to sixth elementary school students' spatial sense were mental transformation of spatial visualization and location sense of spatial orientation. Thirdly, the reasons of differences in sub-factors of spatial sense and graders seem to be from effects of students' learning experiences of spatial sense of mathematics curriculum and the complexities of test items.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between visual perception ability and activities of daily living(ADL) in the children with spastic diplegia who were treated at developmental disabilities children salutary institute. Method : The subject were consisted of 8 children with spastic diplegia(mean age, 10). The visual perception ability was measured by the Developmental Test of Visual Perception(DTVP) and by the Functional Independence Measure for Children(WeeFIM) to evaluate activities of daily living. Collected data analysis were completed by using correlation analysis. Results : Visual perception ability of children with spastic diplegia is the highest in Position in Space(PS) score, and is the lowest in Visual-Motor coordination(VM) score. Average visual perception performance of children with spastic diplegia is the highest in SR(Spatial relationship) score, and is the lowest in VM score. In activities of daily living, eating component were significantly correlated with Visual-Motor coordination. Conclusions : Therefore, accurate evaluation of visual perception ability and visual perception training for children with spastic diplegia will be important to improve patient's activities of daily living skill.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

This study aims to discussion the characteristics of location and spatial organization of the Byeong San confucian academy. To do this, we studied in two ways; analysis of the present conditions and photographing, research materials about the form of physical structure and review of historical documents. The result of analysis in the sight of the location and spatial structure was good matched. The spatial organization of the Byeong San confucian academy was divided into lecturing space and sacrificial space. In the Mandaeru on Byeong San confucian academy was imported borrowed scenery of surrounding landscape and while placed arranging various constituent elements of the small-scale pond and visual perception in trying to formalize the landscape. The result of this study, analysis of axis and terrace shows backgrounds of these locations shows that the political and social, economical phenomena were influenced to the locations and spatial organization of the Byeong San Confucian Academy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.5-19
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• 1994

The new concept of level of service for the airport system indicates that there must be strong stimulation to proceed with the current stereotyped service standards which are being criticised due to their being based on, either physical capacity/volume or temporal/spatial standards that directly incorporates the perception of passengers. Quantitative factors have been dealt with the main service measurements when evaluating level of service. However, the passenger's perception for the provision service at the airport system is definitely important consideration to assess level of service. To enhance the reliability of service level evaluation from the passenger's point of view, this study has adopted three main evaluation factors ; temporal/spatial factors as quantitative measurements and comfort and reasonable service factors as qualitative measurements. The multi-decision model was constructed using Fuzzy Set Theory and applied to a case study at Seoul Kimpo International Airport. Results are presented in terms of passenger satisfaction with a variety of different values.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

This thesis aims to analyze the visual perceptual effects drawn by 'axial composition and divergence' and to interpret the architecture of Kahn in respect of 'axial composition and divergence'. Axial composition of the form, the location of the entrance and divergence of internal movement were checked up about 53 works by extracting parti which is basic element of spatial composition. The 3D modeling simulation was performed for the selected 10 works in order to analyze the visual perceptual effect due to divergence of the internal movement. The reaction of the observer's actions and visual perception by 'axial composition and divergence' is presented in the following steps. 1. Divergence of the entrance/a panorama of expanding planes. 2. Divergence of internal movement/The process of perception of visual rotation and central spatial form. 'Perceptive form' created by 'divergence' is the result of diverse and flexible series of processes which must be experienced in person in order to reach the space as a room with a definite domain and center.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.176-184
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• 2004

The concept of 'the lunar and planetary phases' is very difficult to understand and students may have various misconceptions on this concept. A module drawing the lunar and planetary phases was developed with the application of the simplifying conditions method. The effects of instruction using the module drawing the lunar and planetary phases on the conceptual change and the achievement was investigated in the consideration of learners' characteristics (spatial perception ability, science inquiry ability, required pre-requested learning ability). Findings were as follows: 1) This module was effective for learners' conceptual change and achievement, 2) This module had a positive influence for development the learners' characteristics and conceptual change with the middle level of science inquiry ability, the middle and low level of required pre-requisite learning ability, and middle level of the spatial perception ability.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2023

Recognizing that the debate on the original form of the Seokguram Grotto is closely related to the mythologization of the Seokguram Grotto, which is far from factual understanding, this paper is prepared to restore the Seokguram Grotto based on scientific facts. To this end, we will first analyze its active meaning and fiction from three directions: the founding legend, the rediscovery story, and the concept and discourse of the Line of sight for Buddha statue (對佛像視準線), which have contributed to the mythologization of the Seokguram Grotto. The original restoration of the Seokguram Grotto should be based on a scientific understanding of the Seokguram space. However, past debates and restoration attempts have been based on imagination and not on scientific knowledge. Therefore, Chapter 3 attempts a scientific analysis of the light environment of thr Seokguram Grotto and critically examines the existing errors and realistic mythological images to correct the public's spatial perception of Seokguram's architecture and to propose a rational restoration of Seokguram's architectural space.