• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.443-453
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• 2012

This study examines visual perception and spatial satisfaction according to lighting conditions. Field measurements and surveys were performed in three rest space of university buildings where various lighting conditions were employed. Results indicate that overall impression of space improved when low color temperature, such as 3,000 K governed overall lighting environment and accent lighting was used for wall surfaces. Lighting conditions that kept uniform illuminance levels using area light sources containing fluorescent lamps with 6,500 K failed to keep favorable spatial satisfaction for space. High color temperature was not recommended for lighting in rest space. Asymmetrical illuminance levels formed by low color temperature such as 3000 K is recommended to keep positive mood and improve spatial satisfaction in rest space. Overall impression of the space was influenced by visual comfort, color temperature, spatial satisfaction and brightness. Spatial satisfaction for space was effectively impacted by psychological comfort, color temperature and overall impression for lighting conditions. Psychological comfort in space was influenced by color temperature, spatial satisfaction and visual annoyance from reflected light.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1998

The paper is the second part on the 3-D sound-field creation implementing the Virtual Reality Ship Handling Simyulator(VRSHS). As mentioned in the previous part Ⅰ, the spatial impression, which arose from reproduced 3-D sound-field , give natural sound environmental context to a listener. This spatial impression is due to the reverberation by reflections and ,is can be obtain by using Head-Related Transfer Function(HRTF). In this work, we foumulate early and late reverberation models of the HRTF's with theoretical control factors based on the sound-energy distribution in an irregularly shaped enclosures. Using the reverberation models, we report results from psychophysical tests used to asses the validity of the proposed 3-D soud-field control method.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2002

AV시스템에서 현실적인 사운드 효과를 만들기 위한 연구가 계속 진행되고 있다. 스테레오 AV시스템의 스피커의 간격은 좁고, 공간감 있는 효과를 내기 위한 넓은 음상이 필요하다. 음상의 방향은 두 채널 사이의 음압 레벨 차와 위상 지연에 상관성이 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 음원의 주파수와 관계 있는 음상의 방향과 위상 지연의 관계를 해석한다. 또한 순음이 정취자의 전방에 대칭적으로 배치된 두 개의 스피커를 통해 재생될 때, 한목 채널의 신호의 음상과 위상을 기준으로 하여 다른 채널 신호의 음압과 위상을 변화시켜 스피커의 위치보다 넓은 방향에 음상을 정위시키는 모델을 제안하고 모의 실험을 하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2005

The main purpose of a spatial audio system is to give a listener the same impression as if he/she were present in a recorded environment. A dummy head microphone is generally used for such purposes. Because of its human-like shape, we can obtain good spatial sound images. However, its shape is a restriction on its public use and it is difficult to convert a 2-channel recording into multi-channel signals for an efficient rendering over a multi-speaker arrangement. In order to solve the problems mentioned above, a spatial audio system is proposed that uses multiple microphones on a rigid sphere. The system has five microphones placed on special points of the rigid sphere, and it generates audio signals for headphone, stereo, stereo dipole, 4-channel, and 5-channel reproduction environments. Subjective localization experiments show that front/back confusion, which is a common limitation of spatial audio systems using the dummy head microphone, can be reduced dramatically in 4-channel and 5-channel reproduction environments and can be reduced slightly in a headphone reproduction.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.16-25
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• 1997

이 연구에서는, 반사 음파 전달 특성에 의한 공간감 효과를 이용하여 음상 정위를 개선할 수 있는 HRTF 모델링 방법을 제안하였다. 실험 결과, 최적으로 평가된 반사 음파 전달 특성을 갖는 HRTF 모델은, 직접 음파 전달 특성만으로 구성된 HRTF 모델과 비교하여 음상 전위가 약 23% 이상 개선되었다. 그리고, 적절한 공간감이 음상 정위의 정확도를 증가시킬 수 있는 요소임을 알았다.

• 복식
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.16-32
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• 2016

This study examines music visualization characteristics appearing in Giorgio Armani's S/S 2000 Collection and Genny's F/W 2000 Collection, which elicited and reinterpreted the characteristics through an analysis of Kandinsky's paintings. Study results are as follows. First, music visualization characteristics were extracted through an analysis of Kandinsky's works to examine music visualization that appears in contemporary fashion. Further analysis of Kandinsky's works were done in regards to music visualization (Impression, Improvisation, and Composition), and music visualization characteristics were categorized into 'spatial element', 'mobility', and 'overlap'. Second, the analysis of contemporary fashion with a spatial component showed that space was often clothed through color contrasts that highlighted concise and playful effects. Emphasis on line and three-dimensional effects were shown by overlapping lines and costume pleats with exposure expressed by semiotic forms and fabric character4istics. Third, the analysis of clothes that express mobility shows that they commonly express mobility through free color arrangements and a shading of colors with playfulness. The effects of emphasis, uniformity, and exposure were shown through the gloss and transformation of fabric that emphasized fabric characteristics; in addition, the effect of simplicity, three-dimensionality, and uniformity were expressed by adopting the forms of geometric shapes. Fourth, the analysis of clothes that manifest the overlap showed a predominant overlapping of colors and fabric. The esthetic effects of playfulness and exposure were emphasized through colors, shapes, and lines.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1239-1242
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• 1998

In television stereo system, to produce a realistic sound effect is very difficult because the distance between stereo speakers is very narrow. Many signal processing methods of widening the sound image for spatial impression have been studied. One of the methods of widening the sound image is using the Precedence Effect by reflected sound. However, this method does not work effectively in lower frequencies because of directivity of a speaker. In this paper, we propose an effective method of expanding stereo image using Precedence Effect and Phase Shifting method to produce a whole band frequency sound expansion. In experiments, we confirm the usefulness of the proposed stereo sound image expansion system.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1235-1238
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• 1998

In television stereo system, to produce the sound image for spatial impression is too difficult because of the narrow distence between two speakers. A method of widening the sound image using precedence effect was introduced but it didn't work effectively in low frequency band. In this paper, we propose a new method to produce an expanded sound image in full band of audio requency in band sound is expanded by phase shifting method and a higher frequency band sound is expanded by reflection. In simulation and experiment, the proposed system guarantees useful effect of sound image expansion in television stereo system.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1231-1234
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• 1998

Many signal processing methods of widening the sound image for spatial impression have been studied. Most typical methods of widening the sound image are related to the phase shifting and precedence effect. However, these methods are not effective in center sound image. As listener's position moves from center to outside, the center sound image is shifted to the speaker. That is to say, the directional localization of center sound image is unstable. In this paper, we propose a television audio system including center speaker, and analyze the role of center speaker using theory of Makida and precedence effect. In experiments, we confirm the usefulness of the center speaker for the stability of center sound image.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2001

AV시스템에서, 스테레오 스피커간의 거리가 좁기 때문에 실감나는 사운드효과를 내기가 매우 어렵다. 지금까지 공간적으로 음상을 확장시키는 신호처리방법이 많이 연구되었다. 음상을 화장하는 전형적인 방법은 대부분 위상이동과 관련된다. 그러나 이 방법은 반사성이 놓은 콘크리트 벽 구조에서는 효과적이지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 선착효과와 반사음을 이용하여 스테레오 음상을 효과적으로 확장하는 방법을 제안하였다. 실험을 통하여 기존 AV시스템이 스테레오 음상을 확장하는 방법이 실내가 넓을수록 유용함을 확인하였다.