• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.69-87
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• 2002

This study examines the spatial diffusion and locational charateristics of convenience stores in Daegu which had increased rapidly in the 1990s. The first convenience store (CVS) was introduced in the zone of transition of (Namgu district) adjacent to the city center or CBD in 1992. Thereafter they diffused into CBD and residential areas, but they have centered around places where their steady purchasing population was distributed. As a result, the spatial distribution of CVSs in Daegu shows a very uneven pattern concentrated in areas with many high school, in commercial and business areas, and apartment residential areas. It seems that this pattern is derived from two basic locational factors. Primarily, the location of CVSs in Daegu is very closely related with the spatial distribution of the demand population which will be clients for CVSs. Secondarily, it is also affected by the accessibility of streets which the demand population utilizes easily.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

This study aims at analyzing the therapeutic design characteristics implemented in the indoor atriums of the outpatient areas in four children's hospitals in London and San Francisco. A mixed-method approach was used to examine the spatial configurations and design elements in the atriums, while a literature review was conducted to understand the therapeutic design characteristics relevant to atrium spaces and children's healthcare facilities. The spatial design and the pattern of use of the atrium in each hospital were studied during field visits and interviews with the hospital management staff. Based on the literature review and the observations from the field study, a Visibility Graphic Analysis was chosen to examine the visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility of the spatial configurations in the atriums of each hospital. In addition, the openness, restfulness, and vibrant ambience of the design elements in the atriums of each hospital were investigated by surveying fifty-two design professionals on the quality of the design elements in the atriums. A spatial configuration analysis, confirmed that all the atrium spaces had high visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility due to their high connectivity, integration, intelligibility, and because the atriums were laid out in the open lobby space, along the major circulation axis, or in the circulation intersection. In the survey of the design element evaluation, all atriums proved to be appropriate in terms of openness, while the adequacy of restfulness and vibrant ambience differed depending on the hospitals. Notably, location and orientation, access, natural light, outdoor view, and play facilities were found significant environmental design elements determining the successful implementation of the therapeutic design in the atriums. The observations from the aforementioned are further discussed to enhance the therapeutic design quality of atrium spaces in children's hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental equity of the accessibility to public transportation services in the city of Daegu. The 2005 census data as well as bus stop and subway station datasets were integrated for building the GIS database. Public transportation service areas were then identified by a coverage method. Mann Whitney U test was used for statistically comparing the socioeconomic characteristics over different levels of access to the public transportation services. Both Dong-gu, Suseong-gu, Dalseo-gu, and Buk-gu located outside of the city had worse accessibility than others while Jung-gu, Seo-gu, and Nam-gu had better accessibility than others. There appeared no environmental inequity pattern in terms of the percentages of men, women, and teenagers over the city of Daegu whereas there existed some environmental inequity pattern in terms of the percentages of people above the age of 65 and people below poverty line. This environmental inequity pattern would be caused by some factors. Firstly, the lower income class has tended to reside in the declined or blighted areas far away from public transportation facilities since this class can not afford to pay expensive rents and land prices around the main roads with higher accessibility. Many old people belonging to the lower income class also reside in the declined or blighted areas. Secondly, there has been no law to locate bus stops and subway stations considering residents' socioeconomic characteristics and the spatial distribution of public transportation facilities has been not managed systematically by the city government. This research would shed insight on building the public transportation policy to locate bus stops and subway stations and to select the routes of buses and subways considering the spatial distribution of residents' socioeconomic characteristics.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.459-475
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• 2008

This study analyzes the network structure of the Metropolitan Seoul subway system by applying complex network analysis methods. For the purpose, we construct the Metropolitan Seoul subway system as a network graph, and then calculate various indices introduced in complex network analysis. Structural characteristics of Metropolitan Seoul subway network are discussed by these indices. In particular, this study determines the shortest paths between nodes based on the weighted distance (physical and time distance) as well as topological network distance, since urban travel movements are more sensitive for them. We introduce an accessibility measurement based on the shortest distance both in terms of physical distance and network distance, and then compare the spatial structure between two. Accessibility levels of the system have been getting up overall, and thus the accessibility gaps have been getting lessen between center located subway stops and remote ones during the last 10 years. Passenger traffic volumes are explored from real passenger transaction databases by utilizing data mining techniques, and mapped by GIS. Clear differences reveal between the spatial patterns of real passenger flows and accessibility. That is, passenger flows of the Metropolitan Seoul subway system are related with population distribution and land use around subway stops as well as the accessibility supported by the subway network.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Recently, interest and financial investment in community infrastructure have been growing. Accordingly, Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport suggested a standard for community infrastructure planning. The standard was based on time distance which represents citizens' accessibility to infrastructure facilities. This paper presents a method to use the navigation application programming interface (API) to calculate travel time. Buffer analysis using Euclidean distance has been widely used so far to evaluate accessibility. However, this method has limitation in that it does not reflect situations in the real world such as crosswalks and slope ways. The infrastructure accessibility indices of local towns in Yeonsu-gu, Incheon were computed based on the time obtained by navigation API. Also, Yeonsu-gu was spatially analyzed to reveal the resident units that are marginalized from community infrastructure facilities. Using navigation API enables to compute realistic accessibility indices and to find unbenefitted residential areas. The method presented in this paper can help community infrastructure planners for their facility spatial plan and budget distribution.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.77-90
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the residents' use and occupancy-behavior in the activity areas of the senior nursing facilities, and to provide basic information to establish the appropriate physical elements for planning the activity areas. For the study, the observations in five facilities were conducted for one day, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m by four researchers. The results of the study are summarized as follows: First, most of the using behaviors in the activity areas were the doing nothing or sleeping. The meals and program services were provided in only one activity area of the floor and it showed that the unit care system was perfunctorily conducted at those facilities. In the representative activity area, its openness was the main physical element influencing the spatial using frequency, while the accessibility and the openness in the sub-activity area were most important. The seating arrangements having comers were helpful for residents' interactions. Second, while facility programs and meals were provided in the specific activity area, there was no residents' occupancy in other activity areas at the same time. There were interactions including residents' conversations and watching/observations in non-designated activity areas such as the nursing stations and near corridors. But the residents' interactions and self-regulations were blocked by absence of territoriality, monotonous spatial compositions and furniture arrangements, insecurity of residents' privacy, wide or narrow areas, and isolated spatial type. Based on the results at the above, basic guidelines for planning the activity areas of senior nursing facilities can be proposed as follows: First, the isolated type and the sight interception should be avoided in representative activity areas. It should be partitioned with couple of areas through the appropriate furniture arrangements, and be prepared semi-private spaces in non-designated areas such as nursing station for the interactions among the residents and the staff. Second, in activity areas for small group, the isolated type is not also good for the residents' accessibility. The residents' privacy should be confirmed through the various spatial compositions, and enough areas need to be sure for the diverse furniture arrangements.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.203-221
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• 2002

This study attempts to analyze the spatial characteristics of cyberspace and to map spatial variations of cyberspace. In order to analyze the spatial distribution of cyberspace, three measurement indices are selected such as commercial domain number, Internet backbone network, and Internet users, which are highly correlated to each other. The three sets of measurement showed that cyberspace in Korea is spreading in a highly uneven fashion, strongly favoring a few cities and unfavoring economically distressed cities. Seoul acts on overwhelmingly dominant role in cyberspace, by being concentrated a number of domains and having high-capacity bandwidth on Internet backbone network. Internet is selectively connecting several cities into highly interactive networks, while at the same time largely bypassing other cities. The development of Internet network through infrastructure investments at selected cities has resulted in an uneven accessibility and digital divide among cities. The regional disparity would be further reinforced by ICT development as the primary vehicle for unequal accessibility. The result of this study revealed that geography continues to matter, despite the recent rhetoric claiming of 'the death of distance'or 'the end of geography'.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

This study analyzed an impact relationship between the variable of street based on the walking enhancement factors and the street revitalization. In detail, walking enhancement factors include a physical environment, accessibility and a density which was derived from previous studies. In addition, This study also analyzed the diversity of the profession which was emphasized by Jacobs(1961) and the influence of the specific space on street revitalization that was emphasized by Ray Oldenburg (1989) and Richard MacCormac (1983). The anlaysis by types showed the walking enhancement factors, including street envirnoment, accessibility, density and diversity, which were emphasized by Jacobs(1961) possessed similararites between weekdays and weekends. On contrast, the spatial distribution of stores showed a major difference of influences on street revitalization between weekdays and weekends as Ray Oldenburg (1989) and Richard MacComac (1983) has insisted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.69-79
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• 2023

This study investigated changes in the spatial structure of rural villages in Sayang Village, where accessibility restrictions to island areas were improved, and analyzed the spatial composition of houses according to changes in the living environment. First, despite the island's vulnerable transportation requirements being resolved by the completion of the land and bridge in 2018, the local economy continues to stagnate due to a vicious cycle of local living services and job losses. Second, when a survey of residents' changed living services was conducted through the continuation of the specification map, the scope of living areas was expanded by analyzing the frequency and place of visit of fresh food purchases, use of convenience facilities, and medical visits. Third, it is judged that the naturally formed village is composed of small roads to the inside of the village due to the disorganized street system and the form of walking instead of vehicles. Finally, as a result of analyzing the residential space of houses in fishing villages, the aging rate of houses over 30 years old was 62 (91.2%), and the average area of the first house space built was 65.2m² to 14.1m², an increase of 17.8% of the total area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.8 s.86
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• pp.31-42
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• 2005

Accessibility is the generalized definition on how ease of access. Accessibility is used to appraise transportation project such as capturing the quality of the existing state of the transportation system at diverse spatial levels, It also reflects on the effect of improvements to the existing travel modes and the intoduction of new modes. The overall goal of this study is to propose a measure of urban accessibility in Seoul which can analyze various behavior of travelers in the city and to present applications. In this study, we apply measures of accessibility which are developed by CTR(The Center for Transportation Research, the University of Texas at Austin) to construct the urban accessibility index applicable for explaining trip behavior in Seoul. We evaluate sustainability of urban transport system in Seoul in 2002 by using the MAG(Modal Accessibility GaP) index which is developed to measure the accessibility gap between the more energy-efficient mode and less energy-efficient mode of transport. By analyzing the change of MAG index between 2002 and 2004 based on network data, we show how the public transportation system reform affect the sustainability in transport system.