Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design (대한건축학회논문집:계획계)

Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analyzing Therapeutic Design Characteristics in the Indoor Atrium of the Outpatient Areas in Children's Hospitals Overseas

해외 어린이병원 외래진료부의 실내 아트리움에 적용된 치유적 계획특성 분석

  • Received : 2019.07.26
  • Accepted : 2019.08.27
  • Published : 2019.09.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study aims at analyzing the therapeutic design characteristics implemented in the indoor atriums of the outpatient areas in four children's hospitals in London and San Francisco. A mixed-method approach was used to examine the spatial configurations and design elements in the atriums, while a literature review was conducted to understand the therapeutic design characteristics relevant to atrium spaces and children's healthcare facilities. The spatial design and the pattern of use of the atrium in each hospital were studied during field visits and interviews with the hospital management staff. Based on the literature review and the observations from the field study, a Visibility Graphic Analysis was chosen to examine the visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility of the spatial configurations in the atriums of each hospital. In addition, the openness, restfulness, and vibrant ambience of the design elements in the atriums of each hospital were investigated by surveying fifty-two design professionals on the quality of the design elements in the atriums. A spatial configuration analysis, confirmed that all the atrium spaces had high visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility due to their high connectivity, integration, intelligibility, and because the atriums were laid out in the open lobby space, along the major circulation axis, or in the circulation intersection. In the survey of the design element evaluation, all atriums proved to be appropriate in terms of openness, while the adequacy of restfulness and vibrant ambience differed depending on the hospitals. Notably, location and orientation, access, natural light, outdoor view, and play facilities were found significant environmental design elements determining the successful implementation of the therapeutic design in the atriums. The observations from the aforementioned are further discussed to enhance the therapeutic design quality of atrium spaces in children's hospitals.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국연구재단

References

  1. Adams, A., Theodore, D., Goldenberg, E., Mclaren, C., and Mckeever, P. (2010). Kids in the atrium: Comparing architectural intentions and children’s experiences in a pediatric hospital lobby. Social Science and Medicine, 70, 658-667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.049
  2. Becker, F., & Dougalss, S. (2008). The Ecology of the patient visit: Physical attractiveness, waiting times, and perceived quality of care. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management. 31(2), 128-141. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAC.0000314703.34795.44
  3. Carpman, J. R., Grant, M. A., & Simmons, D. A. (1984). Wayfinding in the hospital environment: The impact of various floor numbering alternatives. Journal of Environmental System, 12, 353-364.
  4. Cho, M. J. (2016). Research on the design guidelines and implementations of barrier-free space for children: Focused on the common spaces of the outpatient clinics in pediatric rehabilitation hospitals. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 25(4), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2016.25.4.113
  5. Cho, M. J. (2017). A research on the waiting and rest behaviors of children in the outpatient clinic of a children's hospital: Focused on the comparative analysis between children with and without disabilities. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, Planning & Design, 33(12), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2017.33.12.41
  6. Cho, M. J. (2018). A study on the visual cognitive characteristics of the spatial configuration in children's rehabilitation hospitals: Focused on the pediatric rehabilitation outpatient and therapy areas. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, Planning & Design, 34(10), 83-94 https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2018.34.10.83
  7. Choi, I. Y., & Park, S. B. (2014). A study on the space use and behavior of child patients: Focus on the rest and play activities. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 23(6), 204-211. https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2014.23.6.204
  8. Coad, J., & Coad, N. (2008). Children and young people's preference of thematic design and colour for their hospital environment, Journal of Child Health Care, 12(1), 33-48 https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493507085617
  9. Ha, J. M. & Park, S. B. (2014). Child-friendly design factors for children's hospital planning. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, Planning and Design, 30(10), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2014.30.10.87
  10. Ha, J. M., & Park, S. B. (2016). User evaluation for user-oriented children’s hospital design: Focused on the mothers of child inpatients and the nurses. Journal of the Korean Institute of Interior Design, 25(1), 192-200 https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2016.25.1.192
  11. Haq, S., & Luo, Y. (2012) Space syntax in healthcare facilities research: A review. Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 5(4), 98-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/193758671200500409
  12. Haq, S., & Zimring, C. (2003). Just down the road a piece: The development of topological knowledge of building layouts. Environment and Behavior, 35(1), 132-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916502238868
  13. Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1989). The social logic of space. Cambridge university press.
  14. Im, E. S., & Kim, J. S. (2014). Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: A critical review of Korean intervention research. Child Health Nursing Research, 20(4), 340-349. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2014.20.4.340
  15. Kim, H. S., Kim, M. S., Lee, J. Y., & Song, G. D. (2005). The comparison of hospitalization time of patients according to natural light in hospital, Journal of the Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment, 5(2), 35-41.
  16. Kim, H. Y., & Kim, G. H. (2010). A study on the characteristics of healing space of children medical facilities: Focused on the behavioral affordance based on the theory of Rudolf Steiner and Max Luscher. Journal of the Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture, 16(2), 37-46.
  17. Kim, K. H., & Park, J. S. (2010). A study on the spatial organization methods of O.P.D & the construction of healing environment on O.P.D waiting area in children’s hospital in Seoul metropolis. Journal of the Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture, 16(3), 37-48.
  18. Kim, Y. O. (2001). Application of space syntax in hospital planning and design, Journal of Korea Institute of Healthcare and Architecture, 7(1), 97-102.
  19. Marcus, C. C., & Barnes, M. (1995). Gardens in healthcare facilities: Uses, Therapeutic Benefits, and Design Recommendations. Concord, CA: Center for Health Design.
  20. Marquardt, G. (2011). Wayfinding for people with dementia: a review of the role of architectural design. Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 4(2), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/193758671100400207
  21. Lambert, Y., Coad, J., Hicks, P., & Glacken, M. (2014). Young children’s perspectives of ideal physical design features for hospital-built environments. Journal of Child Health Care, 18(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493512473852
  22. Lee, J. S., Kim, W. D., & Yim, O. Y. (1999). Extraction of predicting variables for visual comport evaluation in atrium spaces. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, Planning & Design, 15(6), 223-228.
  23. Littlefair, P. (2002). Daylight prediction in atrium buildings, Solar Energy, 73(2), 105-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(02)00038-5
  24. Pasha, S. (2010). Accessibility assessment in four hospital gardens in Texas. EDRA 41: Policy and The Environment, June 2-6, 2010, Washington, DC.
  25. Pati, D., & Nanda, U. (2011). Influence of positive distractions on children in two clinic waiting areas. Health Environments Research & Design, 4(3), 124-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/193758671100400310
  26. Penn, A. (2003). Space syntax and spatial cognition: or why the axial line?. Environment and Behavior, 35(1), 30-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916502238864
  27. Peponis, J., Zimring, C., & Choi, Y. K. (1990). Finding the building in wayfinding. Environment and Behavior, 22(5), 555-590. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916590225001
  28. Setola, N., & Borgianni, S. (2016). Designing Public Spaces in Hospitals, Routledge: New York.
  29. Sherman, S. A., Shepley, M. M., & Varni, J. W. (2005). Children’s environments and health-related quality of life: Evidence informing pediatric healthcare environmental design. Children Youth and Environments, 15(1), 185-223.
  30. Turner, A. (2004). Depthmap 4: A Researcher's Handbook, Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, UCL, London.
  31. Ulrich, R. (1999). Effects of gardens on health outcomes: theory and research. Healing gardens: therapeutic benefits and design recommendations, 27, 27-86.
  32. Whitehouse, S., Varni, J. W., Seid, M., Cooper-Marcus, C., Ensberg, M. J., Jacobs, J. R., & Mehlenbeck, R. S. (2001). Evaluating a children’s hospital garden environment: Utilization and consumer satisfaction. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0224
  33. Yim, O. Y., Kim, W. D., & Lee, J. S. (1997). A fundamental study for the visual environment planning in atrium spaces. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, Planning & Design, 17(2), 641-645.
  34. Yoo, H. N., Lee, J. Y., & Song, G. D. (2010). Evaluation of the daylight performance of adjacent interior spaces in four-sided atrium according to the height ratio of atrium, and the transmittance of atrium canopy. Journal of the Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment, 10(5), 57-62.
  35. Ziesel, J. (2006). Inquiry by Design. Environment/Behavior/Neuroscience in Architecture, Interiors, Landscape and Planning. W.W. Norton & Co.