• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.490-497
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• 2016

This study compared and analyzed the pollution levels of radiation shielding aprons and ways to sterilize them using 30 lead aprons. After collecting samples from the center of the lead apron, where contact is most frequent, experiments were conducted employing Coagula and Latex methods. Using the culture medium where bacteria grew, measurements of the pathogen count and identification were performed. The greatest number of pathogens were $7.16{\pm}10$, which were detected on the lead apron from general X-ray room #2, but there was no significant difference according to the facilities (p > 0.05). Compared to how many pathogens remained between using the disinfectant ethanol and tissue, the pathogens decreased by $0.01{\pm}0.4$ (p < 0.05) after using disinfectant ethanol and by $0.87{\pm}1.7$(p < 0.05) after using disinfectant tissue. The Pearson correlation test revealed a significant correlation (-0.296, p < 0.05) between them. According to this research, there were pathogens on the lead aprons and the number of pathogens was determined by statistical analysis. It is expected that the rate of radiology technologists, patients, and medical equipment infected by pathogens will be reduced by the proper use of sterilization with a disinfectant ethanol.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.5
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• pp.663-672
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• 2002

In this paper, Using an automatic tracking system, behavior of an aquatic insect, Chironomus sp. (Chironomidae), was observed in semi-natural conditions in response to sub-lethal treament of a carbamate insecticide, carbofuran. The fourth instar larvae were placed in an observation cage $(6cm\times{7cm}\times{2.5cm)}$ at temperature of $18^\circ{C}$ and the light condition of 10 time (light) : 14 time (dark). The tracking system was devised to detect the instant, partial movement of the insect body. Individual movement was traced after the treatment of carbofuran (0.1ppm) for four days 2days : before treatment, 2 days : after treatment). Along with the other irregular behaviors, "ventilation activity", appearing as a shape of "compressed zig-zag", was more frequently observed after the treatment of the insecticide. The activity of the test individuals was also generally depressed after the chemical treatment. In order to detect behavioral changes of the treated specimens, wavelet analysis was implemented to characterize different movement patterns. The extracted parameters based on Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) were subsequently provided to artificial neural networks to be trained to represent different patterns of the movement tracks before and after treatments of the insecticide. This combined model of wavelets and artificial neural networks was able to point out the occurrence of characteristic movement patterns, and could be an alternative tool for automatically detecting presences of toxic chemicals for water quality monitoring. quality monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the plasmid profiling of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Vibrio in influent (inflow) and effluent (discharged) water samples of fish farms in Jeju, South Korea. MDR isolates identified through disc diffusion susceptibility tests, were subjected to plasmid profiling. One hundred fifty Vibrio isolates were obtained from each influent and effluent water sample. All MDR isolates were subjected to plasmid profiling. Greater number of bacteria were enumerated from effluents (61%) comparing to influents (39%). High incidence of neomycin, sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin and oxytetracycline resistance was observed among the isolates, which was higher in effluent samples. In contrast, Vibrio isolates were more susceptible to florfenicol, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. Among 99 (influent 39 and effluent 60) MDR isolates, a total of 58 (influent 38 and effluent 20) were found to bear plasmids ranging from 1.7 kb to >10 kb and showed 19 different antibiograms according to the size of plasmids. MDR isolates showed six and four distinct plasmid profiles in influent and effluent, respectively. Effluent samples contained more plasmid-carrying MDR Vibrio isolates with more diverse plasmid profiles and antibiograms, suggesting that fish farm tanks may serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of plasmid-carrying MDR Vibrio isolates in fish farm effluent water may contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes to the environments, which ultimately poses threat to human health.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 2017

Objectives The goal of this review was to investigate clinical, experimental and literature studies of Korean medicine on atopic dermatitis (AD) of Korean children in Korean medicine literature, seeking for the better research methods for more effective treatments. Methods Electronic investigations were practiced on AKOP (The Association of Korean Oriental Pediatrics, http://www.akop.or.kr) to collect theses which were published by J Pediatr Korean Med. The key word 'Atopy' was used for searching to ensure that every related thesis was collected. The publication date was limited from 1996 to 2016. The selected literatures were assessed mainly according to distributions of study type, publication year, scale, treatment and its efficacy. Results 55 papers were selected from 59 studies. In these collected 55 related theses, there were 29 experimental studies (52.73%), 18 clinical studies (32.73%), 8 review studies (14.55%). In the 29 experimental studies, there were 20 studies (68.97%) using NC/Nga mouse as subjects. The mite antigen was used to trigger AD by 8 studies (27.59%). The studies have been utilizing DNCB and DNFB instead of mite antigen since 2011. All the experimental studies showed that the Korean medicine was effective in AD. In total 18 clinical studies, 3 studies (16.67%) were case reports, only 1 thesis (5.56%) was conducted by case control study and the rest were case series studies. 7 studies (38.89%) of 18 studies diagnosed AD according to Hanifin and Rajka's diagnostic criteria (1980), only 1 study (5.56%) according to the Korean standard and the rest 10 studies (55.56%) didn't mention diagnostic criteria. 12 clinical studies (66.67%) showed efficacy in treating AD. There were 10 studies (55.56%) only employing internal treatments and 1 thesis (5.56%) didn't mention the exact prescription. Naesowhajungtang-kamibang, Saenghyeoryunbue-um were used 3 times (16.67%) as the internal medicine respectively. 5 theses (27.78%) were combined with acupuncture therapy. Hegu (LI4), Sanyinjiao (SP6) were used in 4 theses, and Taichong (LR3), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36) in 3 theses. The number of acupoints chosen from The Spleen meridian of Foot-Taiyin was the largest. There were 8 review theses. 2 were about the foreign oriental medicine, 3 were about the external medicine or external treatment methods, and 3 other studies were about severity scoring systems, the methodological study in the latest clinical study, overview for pattern and results of herbal medicine-derived AD clinical researches. Conclusions The experimental studies and clinical studies showed the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatments. However, this study still needs improving by conducting more comparative studies and using better research methods, in order to find more effective treatments to improve clinical efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.spc
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• pp.100-115
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• 2014

For this study, we collected fishes of seven times at the 51 sites by stream orders (2-6) from November 2007 to September 2010. In the results, 55 species belonging 12 families were collected. And there were one species (1.8%) of Natural monument, 6 species (10.9%) of endangered and 22 species (40.0%) of Korea endemic. Dominant species was Zacco koreanus and subdominant species was Zacco platypus in whole. Stream orders (2-6) increased with increasing species, diversity (H'), evenness (EI), richness (RI), tolerant (TS), omnivore (OS) and decreasing individual, dominance (DI), sensitive (SS) insectivore (IS), total IBI score. Principal component analysis results showed location of variable (species, individual, community index, relative abundance of tolerant, sensitive, omnivore, insectivore species) and each site changes in upstream and down-stream changes in their distribution. Correlation analysis showed significant differences between stream orders (2-6) and variable (species: Sp, diversity index: H', omnivore species: OS, stream depth: SD, stream width: SW and water temperature: WT).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 1975

The seeds, scions and plants of chestnut tree (Castanea. crenata) and Chinese chestnut tree (C. bungeana) were irradiated by gamma ray in order to know their biological effects on germination, plant growth and mutation at several accumulative doses and dose rates. The results of this study could be summarized as follows: 1. In general, the radio-sensitivity of scions was more sensitive to irradiation, showing 50% reduction dose of the control for grafting percentage at 3.1 kR as compared with 4.6 kR for the above reduction dose in germination rates of seeds. 2. The seeds treated by 5 kR dose resulted in some albino mutants at a rate of 0.84%. There was a general tendency that the seedling height reduced significantly as the irradiation dose increased. 3. The scions treated by an acute irradiation showed their 50% reduction dose in grafting at 3.2 kR for Chinese chestnut and at 3.1 kR for chestnut, respectively, while their irradiation doses increased three times, having 10.2 kR for the 50% reduction dose in the case of semi-acute irradiation. 4. When Chinese chestnut trees were irradiated during their dormant period with a total dose of 7.5 kR to 4.9 kR at a dose rate of 150 R to 98 R per day, there were induced giant leaf bud-sports at a frequency of 16.6%. The averag leaf area of the giant leaf bud-sports were measured at 96.36 square centimeters, while the area of normal leaf was only 26.28 square centimeters.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare the species composition of sessile organisms on the artificial substrates of PVC submerged at different time intervals and duration in Jangmok Bay, Geoje Island, southern coast of Korea. Three PVC plates were submerged at one month interval from March to October and retrieved in November, 2007. A mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis exclusively occupied the artificial substrates submerged from March to April and occurred as a dominant species to July. An ascidian, Styela plicata occurred as a dominant sessile species from May to August. Balanus amphtrite, Bugula sp., and hydrozoans occurred as dominant species on the plates submerged from July to September. There was a mis-match between the peak time of settlement and dominance of sessile organisms due to the interspecies competitions when the PVC plates were retrieved in November. There was no clear relationship between submerged duration and the abundance of sessile organisms due to the different settlement period. M. galloprovincialis seemed to be a strong competitor which could exclude the previous recruiters of macroalgae by overgrowth and occupy the substrate surface and maintain its high population density by preventing the settlement of other species until late autumn. These results suggested that the composition of sessile organisms in vacant hard substrates could be determined by the combined effects of supply-timing of larvae and post-settlement competitions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.609-618
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• 2014

We have been studied for geographic distribution, dominance and inhabitation characteristics of marine algal species at intertidal zones of Geojin in the northern part of east coast of Korea, Jukbyeon in the middle part and Gampo in the southern part in May and August 2014. For the geographic distribution, the three areas (Geojin, Jukbyeon and Gampo) were a characteristic of the temperate region. Geojin dominated with Ulva pertusa and Chaetomorpha moniligera, Jukbyeon dominated with C. moniligera and Chondria crassicaulis, Gampo dominated with Sargassum thunbergii, U. pertusa and Ectocarpus species. C/P, R/P and (R+C)/P, which can represent the marine algal flora, were 0.85, 2.10, 2.94 in Geojin, 0.58, 3.15, 3.73 in Jukbyeon and 0.80, 3.91, 4.71 in Gampo. As a result of cluster analysis, Those regions were divided in two groups, which were a group A of Geojin and group B of Jukbyeon and Gampo. This result was well matched with Jukbyeon and Gampo shared their temperate region character in the geographic distribution study.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.178-188
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• 2012

Since based on the 7th revised educational curriculum, the insects and spiders in elementary school textbook are as follows. A total of 60 species belonging to ten order of insects and three species of two families in the order Araneae were investigated. Among of them, we found that the species name and their photos were switched in three times, and also, misidentified species name were examined in three times. In the result of spices appearing frequencies between insects and spiders in the whole grade levels, the confirmed species numbers were a total of 63 species and the number of frequencies were 169 times. In the appearing frequencies, the correct identified species are relatively lowed as only 44 times(26.0%). In investigation on the appearing frequencies for the each insect orders, Othoptera and Coleoptera are mostly high such as ten and nine times, respectively. The appearing frequency for species levels are sequently counted as Drosophila sp.(18 times), Oxya chinensis sinuosa(16 times), and Papilio xuthus(12 times). The result of investigation for the appearing frequencies of insects in the each grades and semesters indicated that the first semester of third grade includes most large number insects which are 18 insect species, contrary, only one insect species are reported in the first semester of second grade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.967-972
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• 2018

The genus Chattonella belonging to the class raphidophyceae, is a harmful algal bloom species. Recently, its occurrence has been increasing and expanding along the Korean coast. Species identification of the genus Chattonella only by morphological observation is difficult due to the lack of rigid cell walls. In this study, the morphological characteristics and genetic affinity of Chattonella sp. isolated from Deungnyang Bay in 2017 were examined. We carried out single-cell isolation from field samples then sequenced three different areas using the single-cell PCR method: 1) parts of ribosomal operon, the large subunit (LSU) of the rDNA, 2) the chloroplast-encoded subunit psaA of Photosystem I, and 3) rbcL encoding the large subunit of the Rubisco gene. The cells were morphologically very similar to the general genus Chattonella ($74.0{\pm}10.1{\mu}m$ in length, $33.1{\pm}3.6{\mu}m$ in width). The three partial gene sequences were insufficient to justify distinction at the species rank. However, they clustered at 99-100 % sequence similarity with C. marina, C. marina var. antiqua and C. marina var. ovata.