• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 2008

Soybeans (Glycine max) with a black seed coat have been widely utilized as food source and as a medicinal herbs in Korea. The pigmentation in the seed coat of black soybean is due to accumulate anthocyanins in the epidermis palisade layer. The anthocyanin content and composition of the black soybean seed coat are considered as a standard. of quality evaluation of black soybean. The main objective of this study was to investigate the optimal condition for an extraction method of anthocyanins and compare anthocyanin quantity and composition within black soybean varieties and germplasms. In the test of extraction solvent, absorbance at 530 nm and Hunter's a value were increased as increasing the concentration of MeOH, but Hunter's Land b values were the exact opposite of absorbance and Hunter's a values. There was no significant difference for anthocyanin contents from 1% HCl - $H_2O$ to 1% HCl - 80% MeOH. In the aspects of anthocyanin contents and HPLC peak resolution, 1% HCl - 20% MeOH extraction solution was the most suitable solvent. Among the 5 kinds of extraction method using 1% HCl - 20% MeOH solution, the anthocyanin contents of room temperature extraction at 72 h was the highest among the methods. High extraction temperature, sonication and reflux method influenced on the decrease of anthocyanin contents because of breakdown of anthocyanins. There was no significant difference for extraction time between 12 h and 24 h. However, the optimal extraction condition were at room temperature for 12 h. The anthocyanin contents in seed coats of black soybean were determined on the basis of HPLC peak area at 530 nm. Ten black soybean varieties and germplasms were tested with optimal conditions founded in this study. On the basis of antocyanin component, these can be classified into three groups; C3G, C3G + D3G and C3G + D3G + Pt3G. The total anthocyanin content in seed coats ranged from 1.58 to 10.62 mg/g of seed. The total anthocyanin content of the variety "Geomjeongol" was about 7 times higher than that of variety "Heugchong". Information for extraction method and diversity in antocyanin of soybean seed coats can be used for future research for germplasm evaluation and development of high quality black soybean varieties.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol(3-MCPD) is currently being a matter of concern because of its toxicity. 3-MCPD produced during the acid hydrolysis of soybean products has been reported to be mutagenic, neurotoxic, nephrotoxic and spermatotoxic. Howerer, the carcinogenicity of 3-MCPD is a controversial issue over the past several decades. 3-MCPD characteristically showed a variety of toxicities in reproductive system such as, decrease in sperm number and sperm motility, infertility, loss of sperm function, and weight decrease in ovary. Due to the toxicity of 3-MCPD, exposure to 3-MCPD has been proposed to be reduced to as low a level as technologically feasible. 3-MCPD can be detected in soy sauce or non-soy sauce products. The legal limit for 3-MCPD this year has been suggested to be 20 ppb（$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg）in the European Community. In Korea, the permissible level of 3-MCPD is expected to be 0.3 ppm. In this study, 3-MCPD was toxicologically evaluated in terms of risk assessment in humans.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.633-638
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• 2009

In this study, pork meat oligopeptides and ISP oligopeptides were prepared from purified meat protein and, isolated soybean protein, respectively. These oligopeptides were added to porridge. Then their manufacturing suitability and quality characteristics were evaluated. The porridge which included meat oligopeptides and ISP oligopeptides satisfied the 20% RI (recommended intake) of protein and 40% RI of EAA for man between the ages of 20 to 29. According to measurements of the physicochemical characteristics of porridge, the degree of viscosity, spreadability, pH, and lightness L value, were acceptable for consumption. In addition, the oligopeptide powders had good solubility. and were easy to add when cooking. The above results indicate that pork meat oligopeptides and ISP oligopeptides are excellent dietary nitrogen sources for a variety of applications.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 1982

To investigate the soybean trypsin inhibitors from seven varieties of soybeans and their twenty one $F_1-hybrids$, water soluble proteins were extracted. Trypsin inhibitors were isolated from those proteins and purified by sephadex G-75 column chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophresis. Total 16 kinds of trypsin inhibitors were isolated. From each variety of soybeans, $5{\sim}12$ kinds of trysin inhibitors could be detected and among them, 5 kinds of trypsin inhibitors were mainly distributed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.458-461
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• 1983

The field experiment was carried out in order to find out the factors affecting lodging of Korean soybean varieties. Among the variety groups which were grown under the same cultural conditions, 25 Korean local varieties were selected by 5 lodging degree, and investigated their root characteristics in relation to lodging. The results obtained were as follows; There were no significant relationships between root dry weight, number of primary roots, number of adventitious roots and lodging. There also were no clear relationships between shoot/root weight ratio and lodging. However, it was recognized that the shoot weight/number of thick roots was highly related to soybean lodging. The susceptible varieties to lodging showed less shoot/thick root ratio.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1978

This study was conducted to evaluate the yield performance, adaptation and stability of selected 17 local soybean lines, and determine the optimum number of locations and years in testing program. Among 12 lines having high performance than standard variety Bong-Eui, nine lines were better adapted to favorable environments with high stability. while three were adapted to unfavorable environments with instability. The data from over eight locations in a one-year test would be sufficient to evaluate high yielding lines but the accuracy of selection would be increased by testing in three years instead of one.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2010

The soybean stay green mutant genotype (SSG) derived from the nuclear gene, d1d2, and cytoplasmic gene, cytG, inhibit the breakdown of chloroplast in the leaves, pod walls, seed coats, and embryos during maturity. Soybean seed with black seed coat and green cotyledon (SBG) are preferred than black seed coat with yellow cotyledon (SBY) especially for cooking with rice and as source of traditional food in Korea. The researchers evaluated the seed's chlorophyll content of SSG and introduced SSG to the SBG variety breeding program. The seed chlorophyll content of SSG with d1d2 was $39.93{\sim}60.80\;{\mu}g/g$ and SSG with cytG $38.08{\sim}39.89\;{\mu}g/g$. The Korean SBG variety which was derived from SSG with cytG, contains $16.35{\sim}37.73\;{\mu}g/g$. The composition of seed chlorophyll differs according to the genetic background of SSG genotype. Inheritance study showed that cotyledon color was segregated 15:1 (yellow:green) at $F_2$ seed indicating two recessive genes control green cotyledon as revealed by previous study. Only less than 3% soybean lines showed black seed coat with green cotyledon among crosses SBY and SSG (d1d2). Results showed that SSG with d1d2 can be used as a good source for SBG with high chlorophyll content in the seed cotyledon, but due to the complex genetic behavior, breeding resource of SBG with d1d2 should be prepared to improve the breeding efficiency for development SBG variety.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.15
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• pp.7-16
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• 1997

The effects of liming and inoculation of nodule bacteria on the growth and yield of soybeans in the 1st and 3rd year paddy-upland rotated paddy fields was investigated. Compared with the 1st rotated field, the degree of nodulation was much higher in the 3rd rotated one with greater difference at flowering stage than at the early stage of soybean growth. At the same time, greater difference in the degree of nodulation was also recognized between soybean varieties. In the 3rd year rotated field, a great deal of nodulation effect was recognized in the no-limed field but not in the limed one. The growth of soybean was not much affected by liming and nodulation at early stage but it was much increased by liming at flowering stage, especially in Williams 79, indeterminate type variety. Most of yield components and yield of soybean at maturity was much increased by liming with greater in Williams 79 than in Namhaekong. Nodulation effect on the yield components and yield was great in the no-limed filed but not in the limed one for both varieties. The yield and yield components of soybean, without no relation with liming and nodulation, was much great in the 3rd year rotated paddy fields than in the 1st year one, which was inferred that the more rotated fields the more yield and better growth of soybeans could be possible in the paddy-upland rotatonal soybean croppings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.305-305
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• 2017

Seoritae with green cotyledons refers to Korean native black beans harvested when the frost falls because the maturity is late. It is one of the beans preferred by consumers because of its softness and high sugar content. Because of late maturity, if the agricultural work is delayed by weather or agricultural schedule in green cotyledon black soybean (Seoritae), it affects seriously harvest and yield of soybeans. The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal seeding period on June 30, July 10 and July 20 in Cheongju and Jecheon area in Korea to produce stable soybean yield. The yields of green cotyledon black soybean as seeding date in Cheongju area are as follows: Seolitae (Yeoncheon), Seoltae (Goesan) and Seoritae (Gogseong), which increased by 23%, 56%, 23% and 40%, respectively, compare to July 10th to June 30th. As soybean sowing is delayed, the quality of soybean seeds has decreased due to the increase of immature seeds and fungal damaged seeds. The contents of anthocyanin in Cheongju area a functional substance of soybeans, was high on July 20 for Heukcheong, on June 30 for Seolitae (Yeoncheon), on July 10 for Seoritae (Goesan). The yields of Heukcheong and Seolitae (Yeoncheon) in Jecheon area were increased by 5% and 17%, respectively, compare to July 10th to June 30th, while Seolite (Goesan) and Seolite (Gogseong) were high in yields on June 30th. Similarly in Cheongju area, as the sowing period is delayed, the number of immature and mold damaged seeds in Jecheon area increased. The contents of anthocyanin in Jecheon area was high on July 10 for Heukcheong, on June 30 for Seolitae (Yeoncheon) and Seolitae (Goesan). From the above results, Sowing marginal date of green cotyledon black soybeans (Seolitae) in Cheongju area increased 30% in sowing on July 10 and increased 2% in sowing on July 20 compared to June 30. And Sowing marginal date of green cotyledon black soybeans (Seolitae) in Jecheon area increased 2% in July 10 compared to June 30, and the yield decreased rapidly on July 20. We have identified the seeding time limit of green cotyledon black bean in Chungbuk province. It will be possible to provide a variety of crop selection after double cropping of farmers. And by knowing the yield and seed quality of soybean according to sowing date, farmers will observe appropriate sowing period of soybeans for high quality. From the viewpoint of consumers, functional substances of Seoritae will meet the desire for health.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2009

Aiming at development of region specialized crop, this study was conducted to clarify variety and cultivation region dependent on antioxidative compounds in black soybean seeds. For this purpose two black soybean varieties (Ilpumgeomjeongkong and Cheongjakong) were cultivated in 3 different regions (Hwaseong in Gyeonggido, Naju in Jeollanamdo and Jinju in Gyeongsangnamdo) in 2004 and 2005, and harvested seeds were used for isoflavone, anthocyanin and tocopherol contents along with electron donating ability-based antioxidative activities measurements. 100 grain weight between two varieties were not significantly different, but Hwaseong district showed higher 100 grain weight compared to Jinju and Naju. Ilpumgeomjeongkong was higher total isoflavone content ($1,064.9{\mu}g/g$) compared to Cheongjakong ($801.3{\mu}g/g$) in 2004, whereas Cheongjakong showed higher in 2005 compared to Ilpumgeomjeongkong. The highest isoflavone content was obtained in Hwaseong district in 2004, whereas it is the reverse in 2005 that Jinju district showed the highest isoflavone content. In total anthocyanin content, Ilpumgeomjeongkong (7.22 mg/g) was higher than that of Cheongjakong (6.83 mg/g), and Jinju district showed the highest total anthocyanin content (9.16 mg/g) compared to Naju and Hwaseong cultivating districts in their three cultivating districts. Total tocopherol content showed no significant difference between two varieties, but Hwaseong ($217.2{\mu}g/g$) and Jinju ($216.3{\mu}g/g$) districts showed higher content compared to Naju ($189.7{\mu}g/g$) among three cultivating districts. In tocopherol content ratio, $\gamma$-tocopherol was the highest from 56.2% to 59.9%. In electron donating ability (EDA) between two cultivars, Ilpumgeomjeongkong was significantly higher than Cheongjakong, and Naju was the highest of 55.6% among three cultivating districts.