• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5483-5486
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• 2014

Recently, the transcription factor SOX11 has gained extensive attention as a diagnostic marker in a series of cancers. However, to date, the possible roles of SOX11 in breast cancer has not been investigated. In this study, immunohistochemical staining for SOX11 was performed for 116 cases of breast cancer. Nuclear SOX11 was observed in 42 (36.2%) and cytoplasmic SOX11 in 52 (44.8%) of breast cancer samples. Moreover, high expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear SOX11 was associated with clinicopathological factors, including earlier tumor grade, absence of lymph node metastasis and smaller tumor size. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated high nuclear SOX11 expression to be associated with more prolonged overall survival than those with low expression and it could be an independent predictor of survival for breast cancer patients. It is worthwhile to note that cytoplasmic SOX11 was not correlated with prognosis of breast cancer patients. These data suggest the possibility that nuclear SOX11 could be as a potential target for breast cancer therapy.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2014

Adipose-derived stem cells represent a type of mesenchymal stem cells with the attendant capacity to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. We have performed a microarray-based gene expression profiling of osteogenic differentiation and found that the transcription factor Sox11 is down-regulated during the process. Functional assays demonstrate that down-regulation of Sox11 is required for an efficient differentiation. Furthermore, results from forced expression of constitutively-active and dominant-negative derivatives of Sox11 indicate that Sox11 functions as a transcriptional activator in inhibiting osteogenesis. Sox11 thus represents a novel regulator of osteogenesis whose expression and activity can be potentially manipulated for controlled differentiation.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 1995

An automatic method is developed for the determination of SOx in atmosphere. The method involves SOx sampling in diffusion scrubber followed by ion chromatographic analysis. Filtered air is withdrawn at 1.8.ell./min through a diffusion scrubber of which inner tube is made of PTFE(Gore-tex) membrane tubing. 1mM $H_{2}$ $O_{2}$ is used as absorbing solution so that SOx is oxidized to S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$. The scrubbered solution is automatically injected into ion chromatograhpy eith conductivity detection for sulphate determination. Replacement of commonly used polyproplene membrane with PTFE gives several merits such as easy preparation of diffusion scrubber, better collection efficiency. No measurable memory effect is experienced, and this isin contrast to previous work for ammonia. Detection limit of this method defined by three times standard deviation is 0.56ppbv. The precision is 0.4% RSD at SOx concentration of 7.3ppbv Results for Seoulatmosphere ate presented.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.847-854
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• 2017

Recent studies on molecular carcinogenesis suggest that the chemo-resistance of some cancers is largely due to presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which affect the chemotherapy outcome for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, currently no consensus on a CSC phenotype in HCC has been obtained. Here, we examined Sox12 as a novel CSC marker in HCC. Sox12+ versus Sox12- cells were purified from HCC cell lines. The Sox12+ cells were compared with Sox12- HCC cells for tumor sphere formation, chemo-resistance, tumor formation after serial adoptive transplantations in nude mice, and the frequency of developing distal metastasis. We found that compared to Sox12- HCC cells, Sox12+ HCC cells generated significantly more tumor spheres in culture, were more chemo-resistant to cisplatin, were detected in circulation more frequently, and formed distal tumor more frequently. Moreover, Sox12 appeared to functionally contribute to the stemness of HCC cells. Thus, we conclude that Sox12 may be a novel marker for enriching CSCs in HCC.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2008

선박의 추진 및 전기 발생장치의 연료에 포함되어 있는 황산화물이 연소 중에 대기로 방출되는데 이러한 황산화물들은 공기오염의 주된 원인이 되고 있다. 행상에서 선박에 의해 발생하는 황산화물은 육상운송 수단에 의한 것 보다 훨씬 심각하여, 국제 해사 기구 및 유럽연합에서는 해상에서 선박에 의해 발생되는 황산화물 배출에 대한 규제를 강화하고 있다. 해양에서 황산화물 배출 규제를 근본 적으로 만족하기 위해서는 저유황의 연료유사용하는 것이고, 다른 한 가지는 선박에 황산화물 처리장치를 설치하여 배출되는 황산화물을 처리하는 것이다. 저 유황유의 사용은 선주들에게 운항비 증가를 가져다 주며, 처리 장치의 설치는 선가 상승의 원인이 될 수 있어, 선박이 어떤 해역을 운항하는 가에 따라 적용 방법에 대한 세심한 주의가 요한다. 본 소고는 이런 국제 규제의 변화와 대응에 대한 검토와 제언을 담고 있다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2012

Campomelic dysplasia (CMD) is a rare, often lethal, genetic disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and abnormal development of the reproductive organs in males. Mutations in the SOX9 gene are known to cause CMD. We present a Korean CMD girl with a normal 46,XX karyotype and a female reproductive organ phenotype. She was born at 2.35 kg at 38 weeks of gestation and showed characteristic phenotypes, including cleft palate, micrognathia, hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, congenital bowing of limbs, hypoplastic scapulae, deformed pelvis, and 11 pairs of ribs. She also had an atrioseptal defect of the heart and marked laryngotracheomalacia requiring tracheostomy and tracheopexy. SOX9 mutation analysis revealed the presence of a novel nonsense mutation, $p.Gln369^*$, and the patient was genetically confirmed to have CMD. Although she showed marked failure to thrive and neurodevelopmental delay, she is now 40 months of age and is the only surviving patient with CMD in Korea.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2021

Campomelic dysplasia (CD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple skeletal anomalies and the abnormal development of male reproductive organs. To date, the SOX9 gene is the only known causal gene for CD, and approximately 90 causative mutations in SOX9 have been identified worldwide. CD is diagnosed based on clinical characteristics of skeletal dysplasia (e.g., short bowed long bones, kyphoscoliosis, bell-shaped thoracic cage with 11 pairs of ribs, and hypoplastic scapulars), typical facial features of Pierre Robin sequence with cleft palate, and gonadal dysgenesis in 46,XY individuals. Most patients with CD exhibit life-threatening respiratory failure owing to laryngotracheomalacia and hypoplastic thorax during the neonatal period. Although fatal complications decrease after infancy, several medical conditions continue to require proper management. A better understanding of this rare but lethal condition may lead to more appropriate treatments for patients.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2021

본 핀 채널 전계 효과 트랜지스터에서 낮은 소스/드레인 직렬 저항을 위한 새로운 선택적 산화 방식을 제안하였다. 이 방법을 이용하면, gate-all-around 구조와 점진적으로 증가되는 형태의 소스/드레인 확장영역을 갖는 핀 채널 MOSFET를 얻을 수 있다. 제안된 트랜지스터는 비교 소자에 비해 70% 이상의 소스/드레인 직렬 저항의 감소를 얻을 수 있다. 또한, 제안된 소자는 단채널 효과를 억제하면서도 높은 구동 전류와 전달컨덕턴스 특징을 보인다. 제작된 소자의 포화전류, 최대 선형 전달컨덕턴스, 최대 포화 전달컨덕턴스, subthreshold swing, 및 DIBL은 각각 305 ㎂/㎛, 0.33 V, 13.5 𝜇S, 76.4 𝜇S, 78 mV/dec, 62 mV/V의 값을 갖는다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1115-1119
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• 2001

Eight Escherichia coli cells with aerobic growth deflects were isolated by the insertion of ${\lambda}placMu53$, a hybrid bacteriophage of ${\lambda}$ and Mu, which created transcriptional fusion to lacZY. Two of these mutants, CLIO and CLl2, were irradiated with UV to obtain specialized transducing phages. The phages that took out the neighboring chromosomal DNA of the related gene responsible for deflective aerobic growth were identified. The in vivo cloned chromosomal sequence revealed that the mutated gene of CLIO was located at min 34.5 on the Escherichia coli linkage map and 1,599,515 on the physical map. The physical map indicated that there were 7 cistrons in the operon. We named this operon oxg10. The promoter sequence of oxg10 exhibited a possible binding site far SoxS, a transcriptional regulator that activates the transcription of various SoxRS regulon genes. Transferring the oxg10:: ${\lambda}placMu53$ mutation into the wild-type strain, RZ4500, resulted in the inhibition of normal aerobic growth, while the salute mutation in strain MO inhibited aerobic cell growth completely. The full operon sequences of oxg10 were cloned from the Excherichia coli genomic library. The mutated gene of CLl2 was identified to be a sucA gene encoding the ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase El component in the TCA cycle.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.220-228
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• 2017

많은 산업 및 도로이동오염원 등으로부터 발생되는 미세먼지는 인간건강과 호흡기에 큰 영향을 미치고 있으며 이에 대한 중요성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 세계보건기구(WHO)에서도 미세먼지($PM_{10}$) 및 초미세먼지$PM_{2.5}$)를 석면 및 비소 등의 물질과 같은 등급인 1급 발암물질로 지정한 이후로 우리나라에서도 지속적인 관심과 연구를 진행해오고 있다. 현재 환경부와 각 지자체별로 미세먼지 및 대기오염정보를 구축하여 제공하고 있지만, 특히 미세먼지 주의보 및 경보발령에 있어서 미세먼지 $PM_{10}$ 및 $PM_{2.5}$ 자료만을 활용하고 있고 미세먼지형성에 영향을 주는NOx, SOx, $NH_3$자료는 활용 및 고려를 하지 않고 있다. 또한 국내 산업별 및 지자체별로 세부적인 미세먼지형성 가능성(particulate matter formation potential) 및 발생되는 미세먼지로 인한 인체호흡기 영향평가(respiratory effects)와 관련된 연구는 많이 진행이 되고 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 국내 11개 산업별 및 시도별로 2001년과 2013년 환경부 및 국립환경과학원에서 제시하고 있는 NOx, SOx, $PM_{10}$, $NH_3$ 자료를 활용하여 미세먼지형성(particulate matter formation potential) 평가와 이로 인한 인체 호흡기 영향을 평가 및 산정하여 비교 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과로는 산업별 및 시도별로 미세먼지형성과 인간건강에 영향을 제시하였으며, 향후 미세먼지 관련 연구에 중요하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.