• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1991

In recent years, the communication and the trade between the Republic of Korea(South Korea) and the Communist bloc has been activated. The simultaneous entrance of South Korea and North Korea to the United Nations will accelerate the political dialogue and also the trade which is indirectly carried out through a third country at present will be turned into direct way. Fisheries products are also treated as one of the important trade goods and there is a hopeful prospect that the amount of trade will be steeply increased in the near future. Furthermore, there is a great possibility of development up to the joint utilization of fishing grounds or the joint investment in fisheries projects. Concerning such points, since it is very much important to understand the present status of fisheries in North Korea, the author made a study on this field as requested by the Board of Unification, and report a part of the study here. The prominent character of North Korea's ruling sea area is that the sea is completely separated into two regions-the East Sea Region and the West Sea Region-and no continuity exists between them. The East Sea Region locates in the fringe of the biggest fishing ground of the world-the North Pacific Ocean-and very rich in resources not only warm water fishes but also cold water fishes. Especially alaska pollack, Theragra chalcogramma, is caught abundantly in this region. Contrary to that, fishing activity in the West Sea Region seems to be interrupted in winter. Even though some valuable warm water fishes-yellow corvenia, Pseudosciaena manchurica, and hair tail, Trichiurus lepturus, and so forth-come to this region from spring to summer along the coast line of this region for spawning, and vigorous fishing activity is carried out. But the most of them migrate southward to the neighboring waters of Cheju Island for wintering from autumn to winter, and so the fishing activity in this region seems to be interrupted greatly during winter. The total number of fishing boats in North Korea is estimated at 36 thousand and the rate of mechnization at about 70% compared with 99 thousand and 78% in South Korea. North Korea proclaimed an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles in 1977. Specific character of this zone is setting of military boundary zone, up to 50 miles from the base line in the East Sea Region and also it covers whole region of the economic zone in the West Sea Region. Especially in the East Sea Region she set up a straight base line which can not be permissible by the international law. North Korea's statistics on fisheries product has not been announced officially on account of her unique isolationism, but it can be estimated through several data procured. At the first, the amount of fisheries products in the North Korea is reported as about 1.7 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ by Fisheries Statistics which issued by the FAO in 1987, but a North Korea's trade organization announced the amount as 3.5 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ in 1988. The former seems to be underestimated and the latter must be an exaggeration. According to Chikuni, who is a Japanese worker for FAO, prepared the unofficial statistics based on the evidence which he collected through the fineries development plan of the FAO/UNDP, and estimated the mean amount between 1982 and 1984 was 2.4 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ or so. The Board of Unification estimated on the basis of various factors that the amount was 2.2 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ or so in 1987 and in 1988. This seems to be the most reasonable. To solve the chronic lack of foreign currency, North Korea makes effort on the development of fisheries, and has even aimed fisheries product at 11 million ${\frac{M}{T}}$ by 1993, but this target looks unrealistic under the present circumstances. Somehow, we can exploit her extreme policy which has gone so far as to establish such an excessive and impractical target. Nevertheless this will be helpful to promote the joint development of the fishery activity between South Korea and North Korea.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the vegetation structure and ordination of the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. community by the Phytosociological method, floristic composition table on east coast of South Korea. The vegetation of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. community was classified into 2 communities such as the Aster Spathulifolius community and the calystegia soldanella-Artemisia princeps community. Vegetation of the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. community with the Aster spathulifolius community was shown southward, whereas vegetation of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. community with the calystegia soldanella-Artemisia princeps community was shown northward from the base line of Pohang at North latitude of 36" 05'. Accordingly, the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. community was grown commonly with the Aster spathulifolius community southward of the base line of Pohang, whereas it was grown commonly with the calystegia soldanella-Artemisia princeps community northward on the east coast. All environmental conditions of habitat taken together, the optimum habitat of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. was at Ulsan geographically and the middle region of sea cliff topography, and was suitable for alkali. sandyloam.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1719-1729
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• 2014

This study is carried out in order to bridge the gap to understand the relationships between South Asian and East Asian monsoon systems by comparing the summer (June-September) precipitation of Nepal and South Korea. Summer monsoon precipitation data from Nepal and South Korea during 30 years (1981-2010) are used in this research to investigate the association. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are also used to see the nature of large scale phenomena. Statistical applications are used to analyze these data. The analyzed results show that summer monsoon precipitation is higher over Nepal ($1513.98{\pm}159.29mm\;y^{-1}$) than that of South Korea ($907.80{\pm}204.71mm\;y^{-1}$) and the wettest period in both the countries is July. However, the coefficient of variation shows that amplitude of interannual variation of summer monsoon over South Korea (22.55%) is larger in comparison to that of Nepal (10.52%). Summer monsoon precipitation of Nepal is found to be significantly correlated to that of South Korea with a correlation coefficient of 0.52 (99% confidence level). Large-scale circulations are studied to further investigate the relationship between the two countries. wind and specific humidity at 850 hPa show a strong westerly from Arabian Sea to BOB and from BOB, wind moves towards Nepal in a northwestward direction during the positive rainfall years. In case of East Asia, strong northward displacement of wind can be observed from Pacific to South Korea and strong anticyclone over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. However, during the negative rainfall years, in the South Asian region we can find weak westerly from the Arabian Sea to BOB, wind is blowing in a southerly direction from Nepal and Bangladesh to BOB.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2021

Purpose - This study aims to understand the phenomenon called "regional multinational" in the geographical expansion of multinational enterprises and to find some evidence whether globalization of multinational enterprises tends to have a strong home region bias. Research design, data, and methodology - Through an in-depth case analysis, we analyze the series of strategic behaviors Wal-Mart made in South Korea from its entry in 1998 to its withdrawal in 2006. Then, we discuss the plausible causes of this exit, seeking to provide some evidence on the "regional multinational" phenomenon. Result - This study finds some evidence on the regional-based expansion of multinational enterprises. Our case study shows that Wal-Mart in South Korea focused on global standardization strategy and made an exit from the market as they were faced with increasing localization demands. From the perspective of multinational enterprises' globalization strategy, Wal-Mart's exit from the South Korean market can be considered as a strategic exit. Conclusion - The findings of this study suggest that while national responsiveness and localized adaptation are considered as a panacea for penetrating international markets, in reality most multinational enterprises attempt to add value primarily by capitalizing on similarities across markets and remain as regional multinationals.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2006

Asian Branches of International Life Science Institute (ILSI), i.e. China, India, Japan, Korea and South East Asian Region, identified five key public health issue priorities of each region and compared the results. In case of China, India and South East Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand etc. ASEAN countries), communicable diseases were the first priority issue, while elderly issue and food safety were prime issues for Japan and Korea, respectively. Malnutrition was the second priority issue for India and ASEAN countries, whereas non-communicable disease like cancer and degenerative diseases was for Korea and China, and obesity far Japan. Typical issues were smoking for China, nutrition education for China and Japan, biotechnology aiming GMO for India, and functional food causing health claim problem for Korea and Japan. Although the priority varied with the socioeconomic situation of each county, food and water safety recorded the highest priority of all the countries. The key public health issues of Korea were discussed in detail.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2006

우리나라의 여름과 겨울철의 이상기온 출현 분포 특성을 분석한 후 여름과 겨울철의 월별 이상기온 출현 빈도에 의하여 한반도 이상기온 지역을 5개로 구분하였다. 여름철 이상고온의 출현 빈도가 다른 이상기온 지역보다 2배 이상 높은 제 I지역(중부 동안), 겨울철 이상고온 출현은 낮고 이상저온 출현은 높은 제 II지역(경기 서안과 중부 내륙 북부), 다른 지역과 달리 여름과 겨울철 이상기온의 출현이 특정 계절에 집중되지 않는 제 III지역(중 남부의 서부), 여름철 이상고온의 출현 빈도가 가장 낮고 겨울철 이상고온의 출현도 비교적 적은 제 IV지역(산지와 남부 및 남해안 동부), 겨울철 이상고온 빈도가 가장 높은 제 V지역(소백산맥/노령산맥 이남과 남해안 서부 및 제주도)이다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.343-365
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• 2022

본 논문은 정부가 시행한 1차 계절관리제의 초미세먼지 농도 감소 효과를 통계적 기법을 통해 확인하는 것이다. 특히 본 논문은 이러한 정책효과가 지역별(서해안, 남해안, 동해안)로 차이가 발생할 수 있다는 가설을 검정하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 이중차분법(DID, difference-in-difference)을 활용하여 정책 시행 기간(2019년 12월~2020년 3월) 지역과 무관하게 발생한 코로나19, 따듯한 겨울 등 시간적 특이성을 제거하여 순수한 정책효과만 분석하였다. 분석 결과 석탄화력발전소에 대한 정부의 1차 계절관리제는 초미세먼지 감소 효과가 있었으나, 지역별로 그 효과에 차이가 존재하였다. 특히 서해안 지역의 감소 효과가 가장 크고, 남해안 지역이 그다음으로 효과가 있었으나 동해안 지역의 경우 감소 효과가 통계적으로 확인되지 못했다. 결과적으로 본 논문은 현재와 같이 지역과 무관하게 계절관리제를 운영하는 방식은 개선될 필요가 있다는 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2023

한반도 남부지방(진주)에서 콩 생태형에 따라 생육단계별 생육일수를 적산온도로 환산하여 한반도 북방지역 7개 농업기후지대의 콩 생육예측을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 수양산 이남, 수양산 이북, 동해 남부, 중부 내륙, 북부내륙 지역들은 모든 생태형에서 정상적인 생육과 수확이 가능할 것으로 예측되었다. 2. 북부 고산지대는 모든 생태형에서 정상적인 생육이 불가능한 것으로 나타났고, 동해 북부지역은 조생종, 중생종은 정상적인 생육이 가능하지만 중만생종은 생육일수가 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 3. 파종 한계기는 수양산 이남, 수양산 이북, 동해 남부 지역은 생태형에 따라 6월 6일~26일까지, 중부 내륙 6월 2일~17일, 북부 내륙은 5월 24~6월 12일, 동해 북부는 5월 16일~6월 7일경인 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 북부고산지대는 9℃기준인 4월 30일 파종하여도 생육일수가 부족한 것으로 나타났다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.201-218
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate climatological variations from the sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), and phytoplankton size class (PSC), using NOAA AVHRR, SeaWiFS, and MODIS data in the South Sea of Korea (SSK) and East China Sea (ECS). 26-year monthly SST and 13-year monthly Chl-a and PSC data, separated by whole and nine-different areas, were used to understand seasonal and inter-annual variations. SST and Chl-a clearly showed seasonal variations: higher SST and Chl-a were observed during the summer and spring, and lower values occurred during the winter and summer. The annual and monthly SST over 26 years increased by $0.2{\sim}1.0^{\circ}C$. The annual and monthly Chl-a concentration over 13 years decreased by $0.2{\sim}1.1mg/m^3$. To determine more detailed spatial and temporal variations, we used the combined data with monthly SST, Chl-a, and PSC. Between 1998 and 2010, the inter-annual trend of Chl-a decreased, with decreasing micro- and nano-size plankton, and increasing pico-size plankton. In regional analysis, the west region of the study area was spatially and temporally correlated with the area dominated by decreasing micro-size plankton; while the east region was less sensitive to coastal and land effects, and was dominated by increasing pico-size plankton. This phenomenon is better related to one or more forcing factors: the increased stratification of ocean driven by changes occurring in spatial variations of the SST caused limited contributions of nutrients and changed marine ecosystems in the study area.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2013

EAREF(East-Asia Reference Frame)는 지각판이 비교적 안정된 유라시아 플레이트를 기초로 동북아시아와 동남아시아를 포괄하는 동아시아 지역의 GNSS CORS 지구관측 네트워크를 구축하고 특정한 기준시점에서 좌표기준계를 관리하여 공간정보의 통합을 지원하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동일본 대지진 이후인 2012년 1월 1일(2012.0) 기준시점에 대한 동아시아 지역의 EAREF의 정밀좌표 산정을 목적으로 하고 있으며, 데이터셋 구축에 대한 1차 연구에 이어 데이터 처리의 정확도 향상을 위한 다양한 실험을 거쳐 데이터 처리 방식을 도출하였다 그리고 이를 적용하여 동아시아 지역에 위치한 GNSS 상시관측망 EAREF의 2012.0 기준시점에 대한 정밀좌표의 초기결과를 산출하였다. 산출된 EAREF의 2012.0 시점의 정밀좌표는 IGS해석센터의 주간해와 X, Y, Z방향에서 평균적으로 각각 0.004 m, 0.007 m, 0.009 m의 차이가 나타났다. 또한, 향후 진행해야 할 EAREF 네트워크의 구현방향에 대하여 고찰하였다.