• Title/Summary/Keyword: Source of loss

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Analysis of relationship between SS, COD, and T-P in rural area (농촌유역에서의 SS, COD 및 T-P간의 상관관계 분석(지역환경 \circled1))

  • 함종화;윤춘경
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.10a
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    • pp.525-530
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    • 2000
  • The loss of soil and nutrients from land surfaces to surface water supplies continues to be an important source of nonpoint source pollution. This study was initiate to develop an empirical relationship among the contaminants. SS, COD, T-N, and T-P were collected from agricultural surface water quality studies carried out in Hwasung-Gun, Kyonggi-Do. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and reliability analysis were conducted. The regression equations were developed between SS and COD, SS and T-P, COD and T-P, and the resulting r$\^$2/ value was over 0.78. The regression equation enables a reasonable prediction of phosphorus concentration and COD concentration for known suspended solid concentration.

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A Study on the Anti-Vibration Characteristics of the Under Sleeper Pad (방진침목패드의 방진특성에 관한 연구)

  • 황선근;엄기영;고태훈;오상덕
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2001.05a
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    • pp.369-374
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    • 2001
  • It was estimated that the anti-vibration measures at the source location of railroad are the most active and effective ones. Among CWR(Continuously Welded Rail), elastic rail fastener, floating slab, ballast mat, under sleeper pad, etc. like these various kinds of measures in the source, under sleeper pad as an anti-vibration measure was constructed at the railroad track supporting structures in the Jeon-la Line. In this study, through the field measurement of vibration at the railroad track supporting structures and nearby the ground, the vibration reduction effect of under sleeper pad were evaluated by insertion loss. As a result, vibration reduction effects were 5.0∼12.5㏈ on the concrete slab of the bridge, 3.9∼7.5㏈ on the ground nearby the bridge respectively.

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Investigation on Catalytic Combustion of Hydrogen-Air Premixed Gas in 10mm Scale Catalytic Combustor (10mm 스케일 촉매 연소기에서의 수소-공기 예혼합 가스의 연소 현상 관찰)

  • Choi, Won-Young;Kwon, Se-Jin
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.181-186
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    • 2004
  • Catalytic combustion is one of the suitable methods which is applicable to micro heat source due to high energy density and no flame quenching. And hydrogen can be oxidized at room temperature with platinum catalyst. So hydrogen-fueled micro catalytic combustor with platinum catalyst can be good and easy-handling heat source for another micro devices. In this work we focused on general catalytic combustion characteristics of hydrogen-air premixed gas in 10mm scale catalytic combustor for the further application to micro scale. Platinum was coated on dense ceramic monolith which can be installed in simple-structured catalytic combustor. We investigated the effect of flow rate, heat loss and platinum percentage in catalyst-coated monolith on catalytic combustion performance by temperature distribution in the combustor. By those results we confirmed catalytic reactivity and estimated reaction area. And we simulated micro scale catalytic reaction by sliced monolith. The results of this work will be important design factors for micro scale catalytic combustor.

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Characterization of the effect of joint clearance on the energy loss of flexible multibody systems with variable kinematic structure

  • Ebrahimi, Saeed;Salahshoor, Esmaeil;Moradi, Shapour
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.63 no.5
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    • pp.691-702
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    • 2017
  • Clearances are essential for the assemblage of mechanisms to allow the relative motion between the joined bodies. This clearance exists due to machining tolerances, wear, material deformations, and imperfections, and it can worsen the mechanism performance when the precision and smoothly-working are intended. Energy is a subject which is less paid attention in the area of clearance. The effect of the clearance on the energy of a flexible slider-crank mechanism is investigated in this paper. A clearance exists in the joint between the slider and the coupler. The contact force model is based on the Lankarani and Nikravesh model and the friction force is calculated using the modified Coulomb's friction law. The hysteresis damping which has been included in the contact force model dissipates energy in clearance joints. The other source for the energy loss is the friction between the journal and the bearing. Initial configuration and crank angular velocity are changed to see their effects on the energy of the system. Energy diagrams are plotted for different coefficients of friction to see its influence. Finally, considering the coupler as a flexible body, the effect of flexibility on the energy of the system is investigated.

High Power Buck-boost DC-DC Converter of Soft Switching for Photovoltaic Power Generation (태양광 발전을 위한 대용량 소프트 스위칭 승강압 DC-DC 컨버터)

  • 김영철;김재준;이종근;전중함;곽동걸;이현우
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 1996.06a
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    • pp.117-120
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    • 1996
  • Power conversion system must be increased switching frequency in order to achieve a small size, a light weight and a low noise. However, the switches of converter are subjected to high switching power losses and switching stresses. As a result of those, the power system brings on a low efficiency. In this paper, the authors propose a DC-DC boost converter of high power by partial resonant switch method (PRSM). The switching devices in a proposed circuit are operated with soft switching and the control technique of those is simplified for switch to drive in constant duty cycle. The partial resonant circuit makes use of a inductor using step up and a condenser of loss-less snubber. Also the circuit has a merit which is taken to increase of efficiency, as it makes to a regeneration at input source of accumulated energy in snubber condenser without loss of snubber in conventional circuit. The result is that the switching loss is very low and the efficiency of system is high. The proposed converter is deemed the most suitable for high power applications where the power switching devices are used.

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The High efficiency Buck Power Conversion System for Photovoltaic Power Generator (태양광발전을 위한 고효율 승압형 전력변환장치)

  • 박경원;김영철;김준홍;서기영;고희석;이현우
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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    • 1997.10a
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    • pp.88-92
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    • 1997
  • Power conversion system must be increased swiching frequency in order to achieve a small size, a light weight and a low noise, However, the swiches of converter are subjected to high switching power losses and switching stresses. As a result of those, the power system brings on a low efficiency. In this paper, the authors propose a DC-DC boost converter of high power by partial resonant switch method (PRSM). The switching devices in a proposed circuit are operated with soft swiching and the control technique of those is simplified for switch to drive in constant duty cycle. The partial resonant circuit makes use of a inductor suing step up and a condenser of loss-less snubber. Also the circuit has a merit which is taken to increase of efficiency, as if makes to a regeneration at input source of accumulated energy in snubber condenser without loss of snubber in conventional cirvuit. The result is the the switching loss is very low and the efficiency of system is high. The proposed converter is deemed the most suitable for high power applications where the power switching devices are used.

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A Study on AC/DC Converter Design of High Efficiency for Inverter Resistance Welder (인버터 저항용접기의 전력효율 향상을 위한 AC/DC 컨버터 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Kwak, D.K.;Jung, W.S.;Kang, W.C.
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2016.07a
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    • pp.40-41
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    • 2016
  • The inverter resistance welder requires AC/DC converter of high efficiency because the converter changes a commercial ac power source to low voltage dc power source. Harmonic components that occur in the conversion process of converter decrease system power factor and deal great damage in electric power system. To improve such problems, this paper proposes a high efficiency AC/DC converter for inverter resistance welder. The switching devices in the proposed converter are operated by soft switching technique using a new quasi-resonant circuit. As a result, the proposed AC/DC converter obtains low switching power loss and high efficiency.

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Stand-Alone PV System by Parallel Operation Control of Current-Source Inverter without Battery (전류원 인버터의 병렬운전에 의한 축전지 없는 태양광 시스템의 구성)

  • 박성준;김종달
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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    • v.52 no.6
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    • pp.291-297
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    • 2003
  • This paper presents a current-source-inverter based on a buck-boost configuration and its application for residential photovoltaic system. The proposed circuit has five switches. Among them, only one switch acts as chopping, and the other determine the polarity of output; therefore, it can reduce the switching loss. Because the input inductor current is operated on the discontinuous conduction mode, high power factor can be achieved without additional input current controller. So the overall system shows a simple structure. The operational modes are analysed in depth, and then it was verified through the experimental results using a 150 [W] prototype equipped with digital signal processor TMS320F241.

PWM current source converter and inverter system for induction motor drives (유도전동기 구동을 위한 전류형 PWM 컨버터 및 인버터 시스템)

  • 이동춘
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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    • v.33B no.5
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 1996
  • In this paper, a novel control strategy of curretn source PWM converter and inverter system for induction motor dirves is proposed. The PWM converter controls line current to be sinusoidal and makes input power factor unity. In the inverter part, a minor voltage control loop is incorporated in the current control looop in order to suppress unstale resonance between the filter capacitor and the motor leakage inductance and to keep the stator voltage under the rated value. In additon, the modulation index control of the inverter currents ripples and inverter loss. With the proposed algorithm, both high dynamic responses and satisfactory static performance can be obtained.

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A New Voltage Control Method in CRPWM for Improving Distortion and Efficiency at Load Side (출력 파형 왜율과 효율 개선을 위한 CRPWM의 전압 제어 방법)

  • Ahn, Sung-Chan;Song, Jhong-Whan;Cho, Kyu-Bok;Won, Jhong-Su
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1992.07b
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    • pp.1104-1107
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    • 1992
  • Voltage controlled current regulated PWM(pulse width modulation) of VSI (voltage source inverter) is proposed. Adopting one degree of freedom, the voltage, the current controller shows much more improvement than conventional ones not using this method. The voltage controller or this proposal needs load's parameters, torque value, rotational speed. This voltage controller is located at converter part which links AC source and DC bus. With this proposed method, duty ratio of the inverter's switching is nearly unity for all speed and torque range. Hence, this method gets many advantages such as reducing current ripple, thermal loss, and noises and improving control performances. Theoretical approach to this voltage-current controller is performed, and the results are presented.

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