• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 2023

Microplastics are generated by the breakdown of plastic wastes in agricultural soil and residual pesticides in agricultural soil can adsorb on microplastics. In this study, the sorption characteristics of procymidone (PCM) and one of its metabolites, 3,5-dichloroaniline (DCA), on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics were investigated. The sorption and desorption tests were carried out for 72 h using LDPE or PVC microplastic films to study the sorption isotherms of PCM and DCA and kinetics for sorption and desorption of PCM. The results show that the sorption data of PCM and DCA were better described by the Freundlich isotherm model (R²=0.7568-0.9915) than the Langmuir isotherm model (R²=0.0545-0.5889). The sorption potential of PVC for both PCM and DCA was greater than that of LDPE. The sorption data of PCM on PVC and LDPE were fitted better to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The PCM sorption on LDPE was about three times faster than that on PVC. Both microplastic films released the sorbed PCM back to water, and more PCM was released from PVC than LDPE, but the desorption rate was faster with LDPE than PVC. Overall, the results show that different microplastics have different sorption characteristics for different chemicals. Also, the sorbed chemicals can be released back to environment suggesting the potential of contaminant spread by microplastics. Thus, the management practices of microplastics in agricultural soil need to consider their interaction with the chemical contaminants in soil.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2015

The equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) in seeds of four Echinochloa (E. crus-galli var. crus-galli, E. crus-galli var, echinata, E. crus-galli var. praticola, E. esculenta) were measured at $20^{\circ}C$ with equilibration over a series of lithium chloride solutions with relative humidities ranging from 0.11 to 0.8 to determine sorption isotherms and safe storage relative humidity. Standard seed sorption isotherm models i.e. modified Henderson, modified Chung-Pfost, modified Halsey, modified Oswin and Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer (GAB) equations were adopted to evaluate the goodness of fit to sorption isotherms. This study indicated that EMC of seeds was significantly different in four Echinochloa species at various relative humidity. The modified Oswin equations for E. crus-galli var. crou-galli, E. crus-galli var, echinata, E. esculenta and GAB equation for E. crus-galli var. praticola were adequate models for the EMC data. Seeds of four Echinochloa species have monolayer moisture contents when stored at RH < 0.1. These results show that seed moisture isotherm model should be selected according to genetic variation.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제32권7호
• /
• pp.714-721
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 수용액 중의 불소이온을 제거할 수 있는 흡착제로서 란탄수산화물의 활용 가능서을 검토하였다. 란탄 수산화물을 대상으로 회분식 흡착실험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 pH 영향, 흡착속도, 흡착등온 및 흡착에너지 등을 살펴보았다. 란탄수산화물은 pH 8.8 이하의 산성영역으로 갈수록 불소 제거율이 증가하는 특성을 나타냈다. 란탄수산화물의 불소 흡착평형은 Langmuir isotherm 보다는 Fruendlich isotherm 모델과 더 일치하였다. D-R 모델로부터 구한 흡착에너지는 9.21 kJ/mol로 이온교환메커니즘을 나타내는 범위에 속하였으며, 흡착속도는 2차 속도모델과 일치하는 거동을 보였다. 열역학적 상수 ${\Delta}Go^{\circ}$, ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$와 ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$는 란탄수산화물의 불소흡착특성이 자발적이고 흡열반응임을 나타냈다. 란탄수산화물은 1N NaOH로 재생 가능하며, 실 지하수에 대한 흡착실험 결과, 란탄수산화물이 PA보다 불소에 대한 이온선택성은 물론 제거율이 높았다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.431-435
• /
• 2000

The goal of this research is to compare the metal binding characteristics of an anoxic selector activated sludge system and a conventional activated sludge system. Metal biosorption by biomass harvested from experimental systems was determined by a series of batch experiments. Heavy metals studied in this research were zinc, cadmium, and nickel. The sorption isotherm showed that the selector sludge had significantly higher sorption capacity than did the control sludge. Metal biosorption behavior closely followed a Freundlich isotherm model for equilibrium concentrations. ECP contents of biomass estimated by alkali extraction technique showed that ECP levels in the selector sludge significantly higher than that in the sludge harvested from the conventional system, indicating that the higher metal sorption capacity of selector sludge may be due to the selection of the ECP-producing bacteria (i.e., Zoogloea sp.) by the selector system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.3391-3398
• /
• 2013

The carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) and functionalized with isatin derivative (MWCNT-isatin) have been used as efficient adsorbents for the removal of lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. The influence of variables including pH, concentration of the lead, amount of adsorbents and contact time was investigated by the batch method. The adsorption of the lead ions from aqueous solution by modified MWCNTs was studied kinetically using different kinetic models. The kinetic data were fitted with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models. The sorption process with MWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-isatin was well described by pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order kinetics, respectively which it was agreed well with the experimental data. Also, it involved the particle-diffusion mechanism. The values of regression coefficient of various adsorption isotherm models like Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model have been carried out. The Langmuir isotherm was found to best represent the measured sorption data for both adsorbent.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.131-149
• /
• 2014

Two different model selection indices, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$), are used to discriminate competing isotherm equations for aqueous pollutant removal systems. The former takes into account model accuracy and complexity while the latter considers model accuracy only. The five types of isotherm shape in the Brunauer-Deming-Deming-Teller (BDDT) classification are considered. Sorption equilibrium data taken from the literature were correlated using isotherm equations with fitting parameters ranging from two to five. For the isotherm shapes of types I (favorable) and III (unfavorable), the AIC favors two-parameter equations which can easily track these simple isotherm shapes with high accuracy. The $R^2$ indicator by contrast recommends isotherm equations with more than two parameters which can provide marginally better fits than two-parameter equations. To correlate the more intricate shapes of types II (multilayer), IV (two-plateau) and V (S-shaped) isotherms, both indices favor isotherm equations with more than two parameters.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권9호
• /
• pp.961-969
• /
• 2002

This study was performed : 1) to establish the experimental analysis conditions for the sorption and desorption of toxic organic contaminants to/from the activated sludge, sediment, and clay, and 2) to determine the sorption and desorption equilibrium coefficients of some representative halogenated aliphatic compounds. Through the preliminary sorption test using Azo dye, a setting of quantitative experimental conditions to determine the sorption and desorption characteristics was decided as follows; equilibration time of 180 minutes, centrifuge for 15 minutes at 5000$\times$g, and 500mg/$\ell$ of TOC concentration. The sorption and desorption characteristics of halogenated aliphatic compounds onto activated sludge, sediment and clay could be described very well using the Freundlich isotherm. The preference of the average sorption capacity of the overall compounds showed in the sequence sediment 0.26mg/g, clay 0.23mg/g, and activated sludge 0.11 mg/g. The desorption rate of the sorbed compounds onto activated sludge, sediment and clay was approximately 89.8%, 35.3%, and 66.4%, respectively.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2004

A sorption cool pad brings cooling effect without any pre-cooling, nor any external energy supply. It uses evaporative cooling effect stimulated by the desiccative sorption. In this paper, heat and mass transfer in the sorption cool pad are investigated theoretically. The evaporative cooling process caused by the desiccant is modeled and analyzed considering the sorption characteristics of the desiccant. Two nondimensional parameters are found to dominate the cooling process： one is related to the psychrometric characteristics and the other is to the sorption capacity of the desiccant. The former decides the time to reach the lowest temperature and the later controls the time duration of the cooling effect being sustained.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.605-613
• /
• 2020

This study is to investigate the possibility of using activated carbon prepared from Iraqi date-pits (ADP) which are produced from palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as low-cost reactive material in the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for treating lead (Pb⁺²) from the contaminated groundwater, and then compare the results experimentally with other common reactive materials such as commercial activated carbon (CAC), zeolite pellets (ZP). Factors influencing sorption such as contact time, initial pH of the solution, sorbent dosage, agitation speed, and initial lead concentration has been studied. Two isotherm models were used for the description of sorption data (Langmuir and Freundlich). The maximum lead sorption capacities were measured for ADP, CAC, and ZP and were found to be 24.5, 12.125, and 4.45 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic data were analyzed using various kinetic models particularly pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion. COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a depend on finite element procedure was applied to formulate transmit of lead (Pb⁺²) in the two-dimensional numerical (2D) model under an equilibrium condition. The numerical solution shows that the contaminant plume is hindered by PRB.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.530-532
• /
• 1990

옥수수의 장기저장을 위한 기초연구로서 건조옥수수 또는 침지옥수수를 $80^{\circ}C$에서 삶고 건조한 다음 이들 시료의 수분흡습성질을 저장온도 $25^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 23-97%에서 비교하였다. 건조옥수수는 상대습도 23% 이하에서, 침지옥수수는 33% 이하에서 탈습현상을 보였고, 상대습도 97%에서 건조옥수수는 192시간 후에, 삶은 옥수수는 288시간 후에 곰팡이가 발생되었다. 동일한 수분활성도에서 침지옥수수는 가장 높은 평형수분함량을 보였다. 단분자막층 수분함량과 흡습열은 침지옥수수의 경우가 가장 높았으며, 등온안정곡선으로부터 얻은 저장안정의 상대습도는 60-70%이었다.