• Mycobiology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2017

Different endophytes isolated from the seeds of Sophora flavescens were tested for their ability to produce matrine production. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the medium components for the endophytic fungus. Results indicated that endophyte Aspergillus terreus had the ability to produce matrine. The single factor tests demonstrated that potato starch was the best carbon source and the combination of peptone and $NH_4NO_3$ was the optimal nitrogen source for A. terreus. The model of RSM predicted to gain the maximal matrine production at $20.67{\mu}g/L$, when the potato starch was 160.68 g/L, peptone was 24.96 g/L and $NH_4NO_3$ was 2.11 g/L. When cultured in the optimal medium, the matrine yield was an average of $20.63{\pm}0.11{\mu}g/L$, which was consistent with the model prediction. This study offered an alternative source for the matrine production by endophytic fungus fermentation and may have far-reaching prospect and value.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2015

님 추출물 또는 고삼 추출물을 주원료로 하는 유기농업자재의 유효성분인 limonoid계 4성분 (azadirachtin A, azadirachtin B, deacetylsalannin, salannin)과 alkaloid계 2성분 (matrine, oxymatrine)을 중심으로 열 안정성을 평가하였다. 시험은 $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $54^{\circ}C$에서 각각 진행하였으며, 님 추출물을 주성분으로 하는 유기농업자재 3종에서 유효성분 반감기는 25.6-220일로 제품에 따라 열 안정성의 차이가 큰 것을 확인하였다. 반면, 고삼 추출물을 주성분으로 하는 유기농업자재의 유효성분 반감기는 231-346일로 님 추출물에 비해 상대적으로 열 안정성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2009

We investigated the inhibitory effect of an oral administration of a Sophora flavescens Aiton ethanol extract (SFE) on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) by using NC/Nga model mice. The induction of atopic dermatitis-like lesion was conducted by the removal of the back hairs and topical application of a mite antigen (Dermatophagoides farinae, Df) on to the back skin twice a week for 8 weeks. SFE was orally administered at a different doses (100-400 mg/kg). Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions were evaluated by dermatitis scores, skin histology and immunological parameters (serum levels of IgE, TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, and CTACK/CCL27). Oral administration of SFE significantly inhibited the clinical sign of Df-induced atopic dermatitis, including dermatitis score and leukocyte infiltration. Moreover, SFE suppressed significantly the serum IgE and Th2 chemokine (TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, and CTACK/CCL27) levels in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that oral administration of SFE could reduce significantly the clinical signs and Th2 chemokines in Df-induced atopic dermatitis model mice. Therefore, SFE may be effective substances for the management of AD in human.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2005

Activity-guided fractionation of the CH$_2Cl_2$-soluble fraction of the roots of Sophora flavescens furnished five 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scaveng ers: trans-hexadecyl ferulic acid (1) cis-octadecyl ferulic acid (2), trans-hexadecyl sinapic acid (3), (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-(6aR,11aR)-8, 9-methylenedioxypterocarpan (4) and desmethylanhydroicaritin (8), along with nine known inactive compounds: (-)-maackiain (5), xanthohumol (6), formononetin (7), (2S)-2'-methoxykurarinone (9), (2S)-3${\beta}$,7,4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(${\gamma},{\gamma}$- imethylallyl )-flavanone (10), (2S)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8- (${\gamma},{\gamma}$-dimethylallyl ) -flavanone (11), umbelliferone (12), kuraridin (13), and trifolirhizin (14). Compounds 1-4 and 8 exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging effects at IC$_{50}$ values of 33.01 ${\pm}$ 0.20, 57.06 ${\pm}$ 0.16, 39.84 ${\pm}$ 0.36, 35.83 ${\pm}$ 0.47, and 18.11 ${\pm}$ 0.04${\mu}$M, respectively. L-Ascorbic acid, when used as a positive control, exhibited an IC$_{50}$ value of 7.39 ${\pm}$ 0.01 ${\mu}$M. Compounds 1-4 and 8 also appeared to exert significant scavenging effects on authentic ONOO-, with IC$_{50}$ values of 5.76 ${\pm}$ 1.19, 15.06 ${\pm}$ 1.64, 8.17 ${\pm}$ 4.97, 1.95 ${\pm}$ 0.29 and 4.06 ${\pm}$ 2.41 ${\mu}$M, respectively. Penicillamine (IC$_{50}$= 2.36 ${\pm}$ 0.79${\mu}$M) was used as a positive control. In addition, compounds 2,4,6,8, and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.419-422
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• 1999

In order to develop a antimicrobial agent, dried Sophora flavescens Ait. was extracted with several solvents, and than antimicrobial activity was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activity of the initial methanol extract from the sample was the strongest compared to those of other solvent extracts such as $H_2O$, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The methanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity against gram-postive bacteria (MIC, $25~50{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$) such as B. subtilis. Among gram-positive bacteria tested, B. subtilis was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract from the sample had strong growth inhibition activity against gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa (MIC, $25{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}$/ml).

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2009

1. Objectives The roots of Sophora flavescens Aiton (SFA) are widely used as a herbal remedy for allergic inflammation. In this study, we invested the effect of SFA on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and histamin releas and we demonstrated that SFA suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), and interleukin -8 (IL-8), through inhibition of the $NF{\kappa}B$, JNK and p38 pathway in the human mast cell line, HMC-1. 2. Methods To accomplish this, we invested passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and histamin release at an animal experiment. In addition, we investigated the effect of SFA on the production of inflammation-related cytokines in HMC-1 cells that were co-treated with PMA and A23187, which can induce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 3. Results and Conclusions SFA induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and histamin releas and supressed the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-8. In addition, the protein levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ were also decreased by SFA treatment. Furthermore, SFA inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor $NF{\kappa}B$ through inhibition of the phosphorylation and degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, which is an inhibitor of $NF{\kappa}B$. Moreover, SFA also inhibited induction of MAPKs (JNK, p38) and $NF{\kappa}B$ promoter-mediated luciferase activity. Taken together, these results suggest that SFA could be used as a treatment for mast cell-derived allergic inflammatory diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.539-544
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• 1994

Listeria monocytogenes(Lm)에 항균성 이 있는 뽕나무와 고삼 75% 에탄올 추출물을 chloroform($CHCl_{3}$), ethyl acetate(EtOAc), butanol(BuOH), 물 순으로 순차 분획하여 얻은 분획물을 tryptic soy broth에 농도별로 첨가하여 5균주의 L. monocytogenes의 증식 저해효과를 관찰하였다. 뽕나무 추출물의 $CHCl_{3}$ 및 EtOAc 분획물은 실험 대상균주 모두에 뚜렷한 증식 억제효과를 보였고, 고삼은 Lm ATCC 19113균주에 대하여 $CHCl_{3}$ 분획물이 비교적 높은 항균성을 보였다. 뽕나무 추출물의 경우 Lm ATCC 19111 균주는 EtOAc 분획물 500ppm에서, Lm ATCC 19112 균주는 $CHCl_{3}$ 분획물 1000ppm에서, Lm ATCC 19113 균주는 EtOAc 분획물 500ppm에서, Lm ATCC 19114 및 15313 균주는 $CHCl_{3}$ 분획물 1000ppm에서 완전증식 억제효과를 보였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2021

Sophora flavescens Ait. (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant widely founded in Northeast Asia, and its dried root (Kushen) has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The therapeutic effects of Kushen in micturition disorder was not investigated comprehensively yet. In the present study, we examined and compared the efficacy of three batches of Kushen extract using different ethanol content through an in vitro cell-based assay. Among them, we chose the batch with the highest efficacy and augmented the volume of extract for industrial purpose. The bulk extract was examined in its efficacy in the in vitro cell-based assay, and the therapeutic effects through an in vivo behavioral assay of OAB rats. The main components of the extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was investigated by MTT assay. The overall efficacy of the extract was as much as, or more than, kurarinone, a potent BK_Ca channel activator. Thus, the extract was a potent relaxant of urinary smooth muscle by upregulating the activity of BK_Ca channel. The Kushen extract could be explored as an alternative medicine against overactive bladder patients indicating severe dysfunction of BK_Ca channel.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: The stabilities of the two alkaloidal insecticides of S. flavescens including matrine and oxymatrine are important factor to establish expiry date and usage manual for crop protection. However, the environmental stability of the compounds had not been studied with the extract and its commercial biopesticide. METHODS AND RESULTS: The environmental stabilities of the two alkaloids were performed with extract of S. flavescens, and its two commercial biopesticides both in controlled aquatic and soil conditions. The half-lives of the total matrines for the extract and its two commercial biopesticides were estimated over 200 days both under aerobic and anaerobic water condition. Under dry soil condition, the initial decay rates of the matrines were calculated 0.0804-0.1275 ($t_{1/2}$ 5.4-8.6 days), and the half-lives under wet soil condition were calculated 33.0-231 days. Total soil bacteria on the wet soil ranged 6.0-8.0 log CFU/g-soil during the experiments period. CONCLUSION: The aquatic mixture of the extract showed excellent stability both with the extract and its biopesticides, however, the stability of soil mixture were shorter than the aquatic mixture, suggesting that soil metal consider as a catalyst for the degradation of the two alkaloids.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1333-1336
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• 2005

A new lavandulylated flavonoid, 8-lavandulylkaempferol (1), was isolated from the roots of Sophora f1avescens AITON (Leguminosae). The structure of this compound was determined via spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 was determined to be a scavenger on both 1, 1-diphenyl­2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and $ONOO^{-}$.