• 복식
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• 제20권
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• pp.31-47
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• 1993

1. The relationship between Korea and Buk-Song had maintained for 164 years(964 1126 A.D). The period of relationship was from KwangJong Year 13(4years after establishing Buk-Song), Song Tae-Cho 1 year, to HeumJong Cheong Dang 1st year(InJong 4years in Koran). Author divides into three periodic terms, and remarkable diplomatic facts are as follows. 1) KwangJong year 13(963 A.D) SungJong year 13(994 A.D) : Normal relations, Song needed Korea's armed support. 2) MokJong year 6(1003 A.D) HyunJong year 9(1018 A.D) : Not steady relations and broke up, by MunJong year 26, Dang requested to resume the diplomatic relations. 3) MunJong year 25(1017 A.D) InJong 4(1126 A.D) : Song utilized Korea as a back supporter, but Song destructed by Keum. 2. Korea was donated knightage without offcial clothing by BukSong 10 times(KwangJong year 13 SungJong year 11). However during 164 years. Song presented some clothings Korea friendly. 3. Even though Korea cound not continue the steady diplomatic relations, Korea had been influenced the social systems including cloth-ing systems by Dang. Song dynasty. 4. The author studys historical materials which show that TongilSh-Shinra adapted social systems of Dang dynasty including clothing systems, which was succeeded to Korea for 200 years. Details are as follows ; 1) Original clothing color-systems which were Ja(purpil), Cheong(blue), Hwang(yellow), Pi, called 4-clored-system, of Tongil-Shinra, was suceeded to Korea, Above mentioned clothing systems of three countries of Korean peninsula. 2) When Korea unified the certificate of Pisam holders were superior from those of Tongil-Shinra and Hoo-Bakjae. There two classes used same seried-color 'ja, (Dan, Pi), Cheong(blue), Hwang(yellow)', or 'ja, (Dan, Pi), Cheong' and lasted to KwangJong year10 as a of-ficial clothing. 3) KwangJong year 7, according to the three colored official clothing system of Hooju, accepted Hooju's KwangJong year 11, that shifted 'Ja, (Dan, Pi), Cheong, Hwang', or, Ja, (Dan, Pi) Cheong', to 'Ja, Dan, Pi, Rok(green)'. 4) The clothing systems which are ja, (Dan, Pi), Rok which established KwangJong year 11 shifted to Song's, Ja, Ju(orange), Rok, Cheong, which had happened SungJong year 14 to MokJong 1st year. 5) 4-colored systems ('Ja, Pi, Rok, Cheong (distictable : sky blue, ocean blue)' shifted to 3 colored system which established Song ShingJong 1st year, which succeeded to Nam-Song and Keum. 5. The relationship between Korea and Yo had maintained for 207 years(918 1125 A.D). The period of relationship was from TaeJo 1st year to InJong year 3. 6. Yo, and Korea were called for king(15 times), prince(7 times). 7. Korea was donated knightage by Yo. The time when HyunJong year 13, Yo donated official clothing. From that time had used to do. The author divides into three periodic terms and discrives the shifting the formal clothing systems. Details were as follows ; 1) HyunJong year 13 MunJong year 8 : Even donating clothing systems from Yo had maintained for 35 years, Yeo, Song, Yo, three countries had not have formal cloth-ing, because they had been on the strug-gling. So that Korea had followed the same way of informal clothing. 2) MunJong year 918 : Yo donated the formal clothing to Korea for the King. Diplomatic condition was in the control, so that whole three countries used formal clothing. 3) MunJong year 19 YeaJong year 3 : Korea was donated 'Kuryumyun Kujangbokje', which became the formal clothings vs China.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제46집
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• pp.123-152
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• 2023

이 논문에서는 인도의 관음신앙이 중국불교에 정착하는 과정에서 항주지역 불교계를 중심으로 관음보살과 관련된 교의와 실천을 구조화하고, 이를 수용하는 방식에 대해 고찰했다. 항주지역은 운하를 활용한 상업과 해상무역으로 축적된 부로 인해 불교교단들도 크게 성장했으며, 특히 송대에 이르러 선종교단이 왕성했다. 항주 천태교단의 지의(天台智顗)는 관음 관련 경전에 대한 재해석을 바탕으로 『청관음경소(請觀音經疏)』를 저술하고, 천태교학과 관음사상을 융합하여 '청관음참법(請觀音懺法)'을 체계화했다. 또한 자운준식(慈雲遵式)은 관음참법을 대중들의 수준에 맞게 일상의 의례로 재생산한 '청관음참(請觀音懺)'을 정비했다. 북송대 항주지역의 선종 교단인 법안종(法眼宗)의 영명연수(永明延壽)는 그의 저술 『지각선사자행록(智覺禪師自行錄)』을 통해 관음신앙을 '108事'라는 일상의 작은 수행 안에 수용하는 모습을 보여준다. 중국불교에서는 역사적으로 존재했던 승려를 보살의 화신으로 숭배하는 현상도 나타나는데, 십일면관음보살로 믿어졌던 남조 제량(濟涼)의 보지(寶誌)화상이 바로 그러한 사례라고 할 수 있다. 항주지역의 천태교단과 선종교단의 승려들은 이러한 신이승(神異僧)의 관음화현설을 적극적으로 활용하는 모습을 보여준다. 이는 대중들에게 인기 있는 관음신앙을 통해 신도들을 흡수하려 했던 송대 불교의 일면을 보여주는 현상으로 이해할 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2012

China has been a top producer and exporter of refined lead products in the world since the year 2000. After the phasing-out of leaded gasoline in the late 1990s, non-ferrous metallurgy and coal combustion have been identified as potential major sources of aerosol lead in China. This paper presents the single particle analytical results of ambient aerosol particles collected near a lead smelter using a scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Aerosol particle samples were collected over a 24-hour period, starting from 8 pm on 31 May 2002, using a high volume TSP sampler. For this near source sample, 73 particles among 377 particles analyzed (accounting for 19.4%) were lead-containing particles mixed with other species (S, Cl, K, Ca, and/or C), which probably appeared to be from a nearby lead smelter. Lead-containing particles of less than $2{\mu}m$ size in the near source sample were most frequently encountered with the relative abundances of 42%. SEM-EDX analysis of individual standard particles, such as PbO, PbS, $PbSO_4$, $PbCl_2$, and $PbCO_3$, was also performed to assist in the clear identification of lead-containing aerosol particles. Lead-containing particles were frequently associated with arsenic and zinc, indicating that the smelter had emitted those species during the non-ferrous metallurgical process. The frequently encountered particles following the lead-containing particles were mineral dust particles, such as aluminosilicates (denoted as AlSi), $SiO_2$, and $CaCO_3$. Nitrate- and sulfate-containing particles were encountered frequently in $2-4{\mu}m$ size range, and existed mostly in the forms of $Ca(NO_3,SO_4)/C$, $(Mg,Ca)SO_4/C$, and $AlSi+(NO_3,SO_4)$. Particles containing metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, and As) in this near source sample had relative abundances of approximately 10%. Although the airborne particles collected near the lead smelter contained elevated levels of lead, other types of particles, such as $CaCO_3$-containing, carbonaceous, metal-containing, nitrates, sulfates, and fly-ash particles, showed the unique signatures of samples influenced by emissions from the lead smelter.

• 분석과학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2014

국내 배경지역인 제주도 고산측정소에서 2012~2013년에 대기 미세먼지를 채취하여 분석한 결과로부터 연무와 비현상일의 조성특성을 조사하였다. 연무 시 $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $NH_4{^+}$ 농도는 비현상일에 비해 조대입자에서 2.1~3.7배, 미세입자에서 3.1~6.5배로 미세입자에서 더 높게 증가하였고, 특히 $NO_3{^-}$ 농도가 미세입자에서 6.5배 상승하였다. 원소성분들 중에는 S, Zn, Pb, K 등이 비현상일보다 조대입자에서 3.0~5.6배, 미세입자에서 3.2~7.7배 증가하나 Al, Fe, Ca 등은 대부분 조대입자에서 농도가 크게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 역궤적 분석 결과 연무 시 $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$ 농도는 중국으로부터 유입되었을 때 더 높은 농도를 나타내었고, 특히 기류가 중국남부를 통과했을 때 $NO_3{^-}$ 농도가 더 크게 상승하는 경향을 보였다. 또 $NO_3{^-}/nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$ 농도비는 중국에서 기류가 이동했을 때 조대입자에서 상대적으로 높은 비율을 보이나 미세입자에서는 오히려 한반도를 통과했을 때 더 높은 성분비를 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2006

Objectives : ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ is a medical literature dealing deeply with the theory of internal organs thought to be the core of theories in Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to explorer on the formation and the organization of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$. Methods : We investigated the process of the formation of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ and analyzed the organization of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ on the medical-historical points of view. Results : As a result from studies. Main contents include 11 pieces of pictures about the positions of the regions of acupuncture and moxibustion as well as the internal organs, in addition to descriptions in detail regarding each disease in the internal organs, problems occurred among them, obstinate diseases, etc. Conclusions : A published book in Ming Dynasty and another transcribed by someone in Qing Dynasty as the xylographic books of this literature in China, which turned out to books referred considerably to contents of YangGae's ${\ulcorner}JonJinDo{\lrcorner}$, a famous doctor in Northern Song Dynasty in China. Moreover, the main contents of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ greatly affected the theories of the internal organs for the following generations as they were quoted in Yicheon's ${\ulcorner}UiHakYipMun{\lrcorner}$ in Ming Dynasty in China.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2003

중국은 WTO 가입 및 빠른 경제성장으로 인하여 향후 물동량 증가가 더욱 두드러질 것으로 전망되지만, 이러한 경제 성장에 비하여 항만 등 물류 인프라는 낙후되고, 처리 능력은 수요에 크게 뒤지고 있으며, 이로 인하여 중국의 수출입 화물 가운데 70% 이상이 한국, 대만, 홍콩 등 인접국 항만을 경유하여 처리되고 있는 실정이다. 최근 중국 정부는 총 52개 선석 규모의 대규모 컨테이너 터미널을 해안에서 30여 km 떨어진 내해에 개발하고 교량으로 연결하는 상해신항만 개발계획을 수립하였다. 이러한 계획은 동북아 지역의 중심항 역할을 수행하고 있는 부산항 등 동북아 주요항만에 큰 위협적인 요소가 될 수 있기 때문에 우리나라 입장에서도 기 수립된 상해신항만 개발계획을 면밀히 검토할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 대규모 상해신항만 개발계획을 검토하고, 항만 여건, 배후수송로, 예상 하역 단가 등의 평가를 통하여 상해신항만 사업의 실현 가능성 및 잠재적 경쟁력을 평가하고, 우리나라에 미칠 영향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 먼저, 중국의 주요 컨테이너항만 현황을 살펴보고, 우리나라와의 주요 교역로 및 항만 기종점(O/D) 분석을 실시한다. 이어서 상해항 현황을 분석하고, 수요 대비 공급 정도, 기상 여건, 배후수송체계, 투자 재원 등을 중심으로 신항만 개발계획의 현실성을 평가하고, 우리나라에 미칠 영향을 분석하다. 마지막으로 향후 연구 방향을 제시한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.460-474
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• 2013

본 연구는 중국에서 한류의 이미지가 국가이미지와 한국교육상품 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 검증하고 한류이미지가 한국교육상품 구매의도에 영향을 가질 때 몰입도의 조절효과를 실증하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해, 중국 산동성 소재의 대학교에서 한류에 대해 인지하고 있는 중국 국적의 대학생을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 총 315개의 설문지를 본 연구에 사용하였다. 분석결과, 한류의 인지적이미지가 한류의 정서적 이미지, 국가이미지 및 교육상품 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 한류의 정서적 이미지는 국가이미지 및 교육상품 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, 인지적이미지는 정서적이미지 보다 국가이미지에 미치는 영향이 높았다. 이러한 결과는 한류를 적극적으로 활용하여 국가이미지향상과 더불어 한국교육산업의 대중국으로의 활로를 모색해야 한다는 마케팅적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 중국 내에서의 한류의 이미지를 활성화하기 위해서는 정부적 차원에서의 전 방위적인 한국드라마 등과 같은 문화콘텐츠 육성정책이 긍정적으로 검토되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 복식
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• 제1권
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• pp.101-117
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• 1977

This thesis is a study of the Simui(深衣) system which was a dress regulation peculiar to old China with skirt and coat. The origin of Simui is a very long time, that is, before Ju dynasty in China. Its wearing range had a large circle irrespective of rank and good or bad luck. This was a ordinary dress to the Emperor or the lords, a below court attire or a below sacrificial rites attire to the illustrious officials, and good luck dress to the common people. But this was a funeral rites attire or coming-of-age ceremony attire in domestic behaviour. In the times of Song dynasty, lots of confucian scholars had put on this simui because of Juhi's recommendation for domestic behaviour. This Simui had been put on through all the times of China and was the original text of all the dress. Especially the court attire and silkworm working dress of Empress, and the court attire and underwear court attire of Emperor is also made out of this Simui, therefore this is a origin of the ceremonial dress which formed into long coat. In Korea it is said that this Simui was brought in prior to the middle of Goryeo dynasty. But we can't tell the correct transmitted age. According to the following records in Goryeo History, "King had put on the Simui as a sacrificial rite attire in the times of Yejong". It is sure that this Simui was brought in prior to the times of Yejong. In fact, lots of confucian scholars had put on the Simui since the introduction of confucianism in the end of Goryeo dynasty and after that time this was taken by many confucian scholars through Yi dynasty. Korean Simui system was complied with Chinese system through confucian domestic behaviour, This was respected for court dress of confucian scholars, as it were, Chumri, (an ordinary dress of scholars), Nansam (a uniform of upper student), and Hakchangui (a uniform of confucian student). There are many deta about Simui system in the book of Yeki, chapter Okcho and Simui, and other many canfucian books. But we didn't demonstrate the theory about it till now. Especially there are diversifies of opinions about the phrase of "Sok Im Ku Byun" in Yeki. Simui was cut in separate and then was stitched together in one piece. Generally its shape had round sleeve and angled lapel, its length reaches to the anklebone. And it has a line around the lapel, the sleeve band, and the edge of skirt. It is called Simui because the body can be wrapped deeply in broad width and large sleeve. The Simui was made of white fine linen and was cut by the natural size of body. Every part of Simui had a profound meaning; the round sleeve in compliance with regulation can keep a courtesy when a walker moves his hands and the angled lapel like a carpenter's square in compliance with square keeps them front loosing their Justice and a string of the back also keeps them loosing from their righteousness and the flat lower part of Simui makes their heart and mind calm. This Simui was usually attendant on a head cover and belt made cloth, and black shoes. This thesis was made a study of documents and portrait from Yi dynasty, for the actual object was not obtained.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2011

현재 매우 미비한 자료만이 남아있는 한국전통무용의 자무(字舞)를 주변 국가(중국)의 자료를 토대로 역사적 학문적으로 재조명, 그 구성원리의 고찰을 통해 독특한 전통 고유 컨텐츠로의 발굴하여 현시대에 맞는 무대예술공연으로 계승 발전시키기 위한 기초자료로 삼는데 본 연구의 목적을 두었다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 첫째, 중국의 '성수무'는 140명의 무용수가 "성초천고(聖超千古), 도태백왕(道泰百王), 황제만년(皇帝萬年), 보조미창"라는 16글자를 이용해 관객을 향하여 표현되도록 춤으로 구성한 것임을 알 수 있었는데 이는 현대의 매스게임과 매우 비슷한 양상과 형식을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 중국의 "영성소무보"에는 천하태평(天下太平) 글자를 만들며 추는 춤인 '영성소무(靈星小舞)'가 존재하였는데 이는 현재 존재하고 있었다는 매우 미비한 자료(고려사(高麗史) 권(卷)25)만이 남아 있는 고려 문종때의 천하태평(天下太平) 글자를 쓰며 추는 춤인 한국 자무인 '왕모대가무(王母隊歌舞)'와 관련이 있다고 사료된다. 본 연구를 계기로, 차후에는 현재 미비하게 전해져 내려오는 한국 전통무용의 자료를 중국과 일본 등의 주변국에 존재하고 있는 관련 문헌 자료 탐구와 연구를 통하여 잊어져 가고 있는 한국 전통예술의 새롭고 다양한 컨텐츠 개발로 이어질 수 있도록 지속적 연구가 필요하다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to contribute to developing new pattern identification based on searches regarding pattern identification of low back pain, which is used in thesis both in Korea and China. Methods : First of all, we searched thesis concerning pattern identification of low back pain from RISS, OASIS, Korean traditional knowledge portal, CNKI. Results : 1. There were overall 34 thesis, consist of 18 Korean thesis(13 clinical papers and 5 analytical papers) and 9 Chinese thesis(7 clinical papers and 9 analytical papers). 2. 10 of 11 Korean thesis used more than 9 patterns for pattern identification, 9 of 14 Chinese thesis used less than 4 patterns for pattern identification of low back pain. 3. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in Korea, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 痰飮腰痛(Phlegm-fluid retention low back pain), 風腰痛(Wind low back pain), 食積腰痛(Food accumulation low back pain), 濕腰痛(Dampness low back pain), 挫閃腰痛(Sprain low back pain), 瘀血腰痛(Static blood low back pain), 氣腰痛(Qi low back pain). 4. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in China, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 氣滯血瘀腰痛(Blood stasis due to qi stagnation low back pain). Conclusions : Based on these results, it is considered that an advanced type of pattern identification of low back pain should be made or existing type needs to be practically and objectively improved.