• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2018

Strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa) is a globally-cultivated and popular fruit crop, prized for its flavor and nutritional value. Sweetness, a key determinant of fruit quality, depends on the sugar composition and concentration. We selected eight strawberry cultivars based on the fruit soluble solids content to represent high and low sugar content groups. The average soluble solid content was $13.6^{\circ}Brix$ (Okmae, Geumsil, Aram, and Maehyang) and $2.9^{\circ}Brix$ (Missionary, Camino Real, Portola, and Gilgyung53), for the high and low sugar content groups, respectively. Sucrose was the main sugar in the cultivars with high sugar content, whereas fructose was the main component in the low sugar content cultivars. Fruit starch concentration ranged from $3.247{\pm}0.056$ to $3.850{\pm}0.055g/100g$, with a 12% higher concentration in the high sugar content cultivars. Additionally, we identified 41 sugar metabolism-related genes in Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa and analyzed the relationship between their transcripts and the sugar accumulation in fruit. FaGPT1, FaTMT1, FaHXK1, FaPHS1, FaINVA-3, and FacxINV2-1 were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars, while FapGlcT, FaTMT2-1, FaPHS2-1, FaSUSY1-1, and FaSUSY1-2 were highly expressed in the low sugar content cultivars. In general, a greater number of genes encoding sugar transporters or involved in sugar synthesis were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars. Contrarily, genes involved in sugar degradation were preferentially transcribed in the low sugar content cultivars. Although gene expression was not perfectly proportional to sugar content or concentration, our analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in strawberries provides a framework for further studies and for the subsequent engineering of sugar metabolism to enhance fruit quality.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 1999

In order to determine the optimum harvest time of vegetable corns, the changes in sugars, soluble solids, and flavor of kernels of sweet (cv. ‘Golden Cross Bantam 70’), super sweet (cv. ‘Cocktail E-51’), and waxy corns (cv. ‘Chalok 2’) were observed at different ripening stages. Sucrose was a major sugar in the sweet and super sweet corns and the content increased from 15 to 21 and 27 days after silking (DAS), respectively and then decreased. Glucose and fructose contents of sweet and super sweet corns tended to decrease with kernel maturity. Total sugar content of the sweet corn analyzed by the anthrone method increased rapidly from 15 to 21 DAS, while that of the super sweet and the waxy corns increased slowly up to 24 and 26 DAS, respectively and decreased thereafter. The content of soluble solids in sweet corn was much higher than that of super sweet corn. Starch content of the sweet corn increased slowly from 15 to 33 DAS, while that of the super sweet corn increased a little rapidly from 15 to 21 DAS and then leveled off to 33 DAS. Starch content of the waxy corn increased continuously from 21 to 38 DAS. There was a positive correlation between the sum of individual sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) and soluble solids in both sweet and super sweet corns, while the content of soluble solids was not related to the sum of individual sugars or total sugars. The flavor rate of sweet and super sweet corns maintained high between 21 and 27 DAS and that of waxy corn decreased from 24 to 33 DAS. The optimum harvest time for sweet, super sweet, and waxy corns was thought to be 21 to 24 DAS considering sugar and starch contents, flavor, and marketing.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1978

This study was carried out to determine the proper transplanting time of Platanus occidentalis L. (plane tree, sycamore) with 5 to 6 cm and 25 to 30 cm in diameter of breast height at the forest nursery of Chonnam National University in 1977. For that purpose, the experiment of the time of transplantation, and the moisture content and soluble sugar were analysed. The results are as follows: 1. Both its rooting and growth were slightly different in the period of January to early April (before bud-break), but remarkably declined after its bud-break (mid-April to May). 2. And also, its moisture content and soluble sugar were slightly different (January to early April), but, on the other hand, considerably increased in the content of moisture and sharply decreased in soluble sugar after bud-break (mid-April to May). 3. In comparision with healthy trees, rooting and growth of trees infected with Cankers were unusually retarded and its moisture content and soluble sugar were much less. 4. The proper time to plant sycamore was recognized to be the period of November to March, since the higher amounts of soluble sugar and the lesser amounts of moisture in that period. 5. The sudden exposure to the sun of the boles of diseased and wounded trees could be in death in case of sun-scald on the side of south-west. 6. Pruning wounds should be treated with an antiseptic, as soon as they are made, to prevent entrance of decay or disease while the wound is healing. 7. The wound and sun-scald can be presented by covering the trunk with straw ropes before transplantations.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.385-392
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• 1996

The soluble solid of red pepper was extracted by water in order to investigate changes of soluble solid content by different extraction temperature $(4{\sim}90^{\circ}C)$ and time $(1/2{\sim}3\;hrs)$, and the contents of carotenoid, capsaicinoids, free sugar, organic acid, free amino acid in soluble solid were measured. Most of soluble solid in red pepper was extracted within the first 2 hrs and $93{\sim}98%$ of total soluble solid was extracted during the first 30 min. The contents of carotenoid increased by increasing extraction time and temperature, but decreased by increasing extraction time at $60^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$. ${\beta}$-carotene content was sharply decreased after 2 hrs at $90^{\circ}C$. The content of capsaicinoid was sharply increased between 1 hr and 2 hr. Fructose and glucose in red pepper were extracted in the range of $83.8%{\sim}96.4%$ and the contents of free sugar gradually increased by increasing extraction time and temperature. The content of organic acid was gradually increased by increasing extraction time and temperature and the greatest amount of organic acid was extracted during the first 30 min of extraction time. The content of free amino acid was decreased by increasing extraction temperature.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1989

This Study was designed to know the growth Status under various photoperiod using Zoysia matrella. The experimental plots were split into such groups as control (full sunlight) 3hour, 6hour and 9hour photoperiod by three replication of completely randomized design. Chlorophyll content was analyized by mackine method and total soluble sugar by anthrone method. The result obtained from this experiment was as fol1 lows ; l. Dry weight was high in the control and 9hour plots. Its decrease remarkably occured in the short day plots 2. Leaf growth woes remarkaly decreased by short day condition. Six hour was considered as critical duration for leaf growth. 3. The growth of rhizome in the 9hour and control plots was good. New development of rhizome in the' short day plots was very slow compare to the control plot. 4. Chlorophyll content was high at l8 days after transplanting and then decreased. Its content in the short day plots severely decreased. 5. The content of soluble sugar in the control was low at early growth stage and high at late growth stage. It was found that the shorter the exposure time to sunlight, the higher the ratio of sugar content.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2013

To further our understanding of sugar accumulation in 'Shiranuhi' mandarin [(C. unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) ${\times}$ C. reticulate], we investigated the patterns of sugar uptake in juice sacs exposed to different concentrations of sucrose, fructose and glucose in vitro. Data was also collected on the change in weight and shape of the in vitro juice sacs over time. Soluble solids content, sugar content and acidity content were highest at 20% sucrose, fructose and glucose solution content; while fructose content was highest at 5% sucrose concentration. Furthermore, the juice sac's fresh weight was highest at 5% sucrose and lowest at 20% fructose content. The shape of the juice sacs also differed in different sugar concentration and type. Overall, sucrose, fructose and glucose content in juice sacs increased with the sugar concentration. These results suggest that sugar translocation into juice sacs is actively induced by high sugar concentration in the medium. Thus, it can be concluded that sugar and acid accumulation in juice sacs increased with sugar concentration in vitro culture.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2000

Prickly pear juice(PPJ) extracted from prickly pear fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica)was used as raw material for the production of alcoholic beverages. Prickly pear juice (PPJ) had 0.88 oBrix of soluble solid, pH 3.96 and 0.14% of total acidity. Alcohol fermentation of 25% PPJ including 22 oBrix of sugar and 1$\times$106 of inoculum was suitable for alcohol fermentation indicating the rapid decrease of sugar content. The 22 oBrix of sugar in PPJ (25%)GJ (50%) mixture was changed to 6.5 oBrix after fermentation at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The alcohol content was 9.2% (w/v). PPJ (70%)/GJ (30%) mixture produced alcoholic beverage with 6.9% alcohol content resulting in the gradual decrease of soluble for 7 days. On the other hand, PPJ (50%)/GJ(50%) mixture carried out completely the alcohol fermentation at 22$^{\circ}C$ for 6 days and enhanced the red color of alcoholic beverages.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제17권
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• pp.115-133
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• 1974

인삼 종자의 결실과 최아과정중에서 일어나는 물질대사의 기본적 소인을 알고저 화기형성초기로부터 개화기까지, 결실초기부터 홍숙기까지, 그리고 최아과정중 화학성분의 변화를 추구하였다. 1. 화뢰에서는 감수분열기 이전까지 신선중, 건물중, 회수화물, 질소화합물의 변동은 그리 크지 않으며 TCA가용성인, 특히 유기태인의 증가와 현저하였다. 2. 감수분열기로부터 소포자기에 이르는 기간 동안 신선중, 건물중이 급격히 증가되고 전질소량이 증가하는데 불용성 질소구분은 이 시기부터 그 량이 늘어나 단백질이 합성되는 것을 의미하고 있으며 불용성 질소가 전질소의 62∼70%를 차지하고 있다. 또한 가용성 당분이 급격하게 증가되어 환원당, 비환원당이 모두 증가하나 전분의 증가는 볼 수 없고, 전인에 대한 TCA가용성인이 85.4%, TCA불용성인이 14.6%로 화뢰성장중 각각 최고, 최소치를 나타내고 있다. 3. 화분성숙기 이후와 개화기에서 특히 건물중의 증가가 현저하고 불용성질소도 계속 증가되어 총질소의 67%에 이른다. 또한 두드러진 유기태인의 저하와 갑작스런 조전분의 증가를 볼 수 있고 무기태인량이 유기태 인량을 능가하게 된다. 4. 결실기부터 홍열기까지에 있어서는 신선중량의 90%가 결실 후 3주간에 증가하는데, 1) 전질소량은 7배로 증가되었고 성숙되어 갈수록 전질소에 대한 불용성질소의 량이 커져서 65%에서 80%이상으로 상승되고 한편 가용성질소의 비율은 35%에서 20%이하로 저하되었다. 2) 전인산량도 8배로 증가되는데 홍숙이 시작되는 시기에 최고에 이르고 이때에 전인산에 대한 TCA가용성인의 비율도 가장 커서 90%에 이른다. 유기태인도 홍숙이 시작될 때까지 29배나 증가되며 지질태인, 핵산태인, 단백태인이 모두 증가되고 있다. 3) 회수화물의 증가는 신선중의 증가와 유사한데결실한지 3주 후에 최고량에 달하고 그 후는 사실상 증가하지 않으며 가용성당도 3주 후에 최고에 달했다가 일시 감소하며 홍숙기에 약간 증가하나 먼저 수준에는 이르지 못하며 조전분은 점차 증가되어 홍숙되기 일주 전에 최고량에 달하나 전 건물량의 2.36% 밖에 되지 못한다. 회수화물중 가용성당이 차지하는 비율이 훨씬 크며 완숙기에서는 가용성당분중 약80% 이상의 비환원당으로 되어 있어 인삼 종자의 주요 회수화물을 이루고 있다. 4) 한편 완숙된 종자의 배란중에는 60% 이상의 지방을 함유하고 있어 인삼 종자의 저장물질은 단백질이나 회수화물이기 보다는 주로 지방이다. 5. 최아조작중에는 배가 11월중순의 파종기까지 4.2∼4.7mm로 발육하며 충분히 흡수하여 50∼60%에 이르고, 저장지방, 단백질, 전분이 가수분해하여 가용화되고 당분, 무기태인, 인지질, 핵산태인, 단백태인과 가용성질소의 증가를 보이고 있어 세포내용물의 전이가 일어나 발아에 필요한 물질을 축적하고 있다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.282-282
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• 2017

The many factors such as sugar content, moisture, type of bacteria which predominate, buffering capacity, packing and sealing are known to be associated with silage fermentation quality. Among the sugar content are particularly important, because effective silage ensiling relies on the fermentation of sugar content to lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria. Sugar content is also known to affect the protein utilization of rumen. This study was conducted to observe the effect of water soluble carbohydrates on fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of whole crop wheat silage. This experiment was used standard cultivars (Cheongwoo, Hordeum balgare L) and solid breeding line of whole crop wheat. The materials harvested at the 30 after heading day and chopped for making silage, and using this silage carried out in vitro digestibility for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. For the feed value, crude protein, NDF, ADF contents showed slightly higher than the before ensiling and TDN contents were slightly lower compared to the before ensiling, but did not show the significantly different. For the sugar contents, fructose and glucose contents were decreased in the after ensiling compared to the before ensiling, there were more reduced at the containing high sugar content wheat. The pH value was lower at containing high sugar content wheat. lactic acid content was significantly higher at the containing high sugar content wheat. Therefore, there was profitable to the production of high quality wheat silage at the higher the sugar content. In in vitro digestibility test, containing high sugar content HW34line showed significantly higher dry matter digestibility at 6 and 12 hours of incubation and amount of NH3-N lower other line in all incubation time. Therefore, there was profitable to the production of high quality wheat silage at the higher the sugar content.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.329-332
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• 2015

The effect of storage temperature and the storage period of hardy kiwifruits on the fruit firmness, soluble solids and fruit weight were studied in this work. The investigation was carried out on the Sae-Han cultivar of Actinidia arguta. It has an edible smooth skin and contains high amounts of sugar and vitamin C (ascorbic acid). In this research, the measurement of fruit firmness, soluble solids, and fruit weight were carried out at various temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 20℃) during 14 days. Fruit firmness rapidly decreased and soluble solids content increased at 15 and 20℃. We also investigated the correlation between fruit firmness and soluble solids content. There was a strong correlation between fruit firmness and soluble solids content. That means that fruit firmness affect the soluble solids content of hardy kiwifruit.