• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2012

To investigate the environmental adaptation and ecophysiological characteristics of Suaeda maritima and S. asparagoides under saline conditions, plant growth and density were analyzed according to environmental changes of habitats. The total ion content of soil decreased with time, which was caused by the predominance of exchangeable $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ in the upper layers. The population of S. maritima was more densely distributed in the region with higher ion contents of $Cl^-$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$ and $Na^+$ than the population of S. asparagoides. Both species were showed a decreased population density according to increases in plant growth. Under the conditions of a salt field, S. maritima and S. asparagoides contained high inorganic ions to maintain low water potential, but low water soluble carbohydrate contents. In the case of free amino acid, S. maritima showed an especially high proline content, and contained rather large amounts of free amino acids, whereas S. asparagoides did not. Both species showed high inorganic ion contents in the leaves, which might be a mechanism of avoiding the ionic toxicity by diluting the accumulated ionic concentration with a high ratio of water content to dry weight. This result suggests that S. maritima seems to adapt to saline conditions by accumulating proline in addition to inorganic ions. S. asparagoides seems to adapt by osmoregulation processes, using inorganic ions rather than free amino acids.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제21권E1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2005

Size distribution of particulate water-soluble ion components was measured at Gosan, Korea using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI). Sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate showed peaks in three size ranges; Sulfate and ammonium were of dominant species measured in the fine mode ($D_{p} < 1.8 {\mu}m$). One peak was observed in the condensation mode ($0.218\sim0.532{\mu}m$), and the other peak was obtained in the droplet mode ($0.532\sim1.8{\mu}m$). Considering the fact that the equivalent ratios of ammonium to sulfate ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 in these size ranges, it is inferred that they formed sufficiently neutralized compounds such as ($NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4} and (NH_{4})_{3}H(SO_{4})_{2}$ during the long-range transport of anthropogenic pollutants. On the other hand, nitrate was distributed mainly in the coarse mode ($3.1\sim6.2{\mu}m$) combined with soil and sea salt. Two sets of MOUDI samples were collected in each season. One sample was collected when the concentrations of criteria air pollutants were relatively high, but the other represented relatively clean air quality. The concentrations of sulfate and ammonium particles in droplet mode were the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. When the air quality was bad, the increase of nitrate was observed in the condensation mode ($0.218\sim0.282{\mu}m$). It thus suggests that the nitrate particles were produced through gas phase reaction of nitric acid with ammonia. Chloride depletion was remarkably high in summer due to the high temperature and relative humidity.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1969

The mash of Takjoo, Korean flour wine, is fermented through two brewing processes ; the primary brewing process to saccharify and the main one to produce ethyl alcohol. The activities of acid proteinase (pH3), weak acid proteinase (pH 6), and alkaline proteinase (Ph 80 on the processes are determined with time by the Folin phenol method as a strength of casein digestion. Hydrogen ion concentration, the content of total organic acids, protein, free amino acids and oligopeptides, which effect the activities of proteinase, are also measured. The results are briefly summarized as follows : 1. In general, the activities of acid proteinase and weak acid proteinase in the mesh of primary brewing process are stronger than those in main brewing process. 2. The activities of acid proteinase are remarkably stronger than those of weak acid proteinase in both processes. It reveals that they decrease slowly through the fermentation. Activities of alkaline proteinase are weaker than others. 3. As the raw materials are mixtured, the total amount of organic acids is equivalent to 0.150 mg/ml acetic acid in the mesh of primary brewing process and 0.02 mg/ml acetic acid in the main one. They increase gradually with time. 4. Hydrogen ion concnetration shows 3.9 in the mesh of main brewing process and 3.28 in the primary one. They increase to the maximum in 60-72 hrs., and decrease since 108 hrs. 5. The content of crude protein shows 66.90mg/ml in the mesh of main brewing process, while shows 64.29mg/ml in the mesh of primary one. they decrease slowly with time. it seems that a small content of crude protein, as a substrate, converts into amino acids and soluble nitrogen compounds by proteinase. 6. The content of free amino acids and oligopeptides shows 0.36 mg/ml in the mesh of primary brewing process and 0.24mg/ml in the main brewing process. It is evident that the reason they increase continuously through the fermentation is the effect of proteinase. 7. According to the results, the strong activities of proteinase in primary brewing process has been derived from the decrease of hydrogen ion concentration due to the production of organic acids.

• 멤브레인
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2015

수용성 고분자인 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)에 가교제인 sulfosuccinic acid (SSA)를 첨가하여 가교반응을 통해 물에 용해되지 않는 막을 제조하였으며, 이온교환능력을 부여하기 위해 poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA_MA)를 PVA 질량대비 70, 80, 90 wt%로 달리 첨가하여 막을 제조하였다. 제조한 막의 특성을 알아보기 위해 FT-IR, 함수율, 이온교환용량, 이온전도도, 메탄올 투과도를 측정하였다. 함수율과 이온교환용량, 이온전도도는 PSSA_MA 함량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 메탄올 투과도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특성평가 결과 본 실험 막의 최적 조성은 PVA10/SSA9/PSSA_MA80으로 도출되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 1985

Bacillus sphaericus 1593 K-5 균주의 Culex pallens 모기유충에 대한 LC$_{50}$(cells/$m\ell$)은 2.6$\times$$10^2$이었다. B. sphericus 1593 K-5 Spo-D 1216 균주는 Culex pallens 모기유충에 대해 독성을 나타내지 않았다. B. sphaericus 1593 K-5 균주는 포자가 형성되어 가면서 독성이 증가함을 보였다. B. sphaericus 1593 K-5 균주의 세포질을 Sep-hadex G-100 컬럼상에서 gel permeation 크로마토그래피를 행하였을 때 3개의 단백질 분획을 보였으며 이 중 한 분획이 활성분획있다. 이 활성 분획을 DEAE-Sepha dex A-50 컬럼상에서 ion-exchange 크로마토그래피를 행하였을 때 4개의 단백질 분획을 보였으며 이중 한 분획이 활성분획이었다. B. sphericus 1593 K-5 Spo-D1216균주의 세포질은 Sephadex G-100 컬럼상에서 gel permeation 크로마토그래피를 행하였을 때 2개의 단백질 분획을 보였으며 이 분획 모두가 활성이 없음이 생체실험 결과 밝혀졌다.다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2016

본 연구는 제강슬래그로부터 인성분을 추출하여 농업용 비료의 자원으로서 사용하기 위한 침출공정을 연구하였다. 일반적으로 제강 슬래그에 함유되어 있는 인성분은 $C_2S-C_3P$상에 고용되어 있고, 이 고용체는 슬래그 내의 free-CaO 다음으로, 다른 상들보다 수용해성이 크다. 본 실험에서는 다원계 슬래그를 이용하여, 다양한 원소들의 용해거동에 미치는 pH의 영향을 알아보았다. 낮은 pH에서 제강슬래그로부터 수용액 중 Ca, Si, P, Fe의 농도는 증가되었다. pH가 3인 경우, 수용액 중 P 이온의 농도는 시간에 따라 감소하였고, P이온과 Fe이온과의 침전 반응을 감소 원인으로 고찰하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.18-21
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• 1996

A continuous production of fructooligosaccharides from sucrose was investigated by fructosyltransferase immobilized on a high porous resin, Diaion HPA25. The optimum pH(5.5) and temperature(55$^{\circ}C$) of the enzyme for activity was unaltered by immobilization, and the immobilized enzyme became less sensitive to the pH change. The optimal operation conditions of the immobilized enzyme column for maximizing the productivity were as follows: 600g/L of sucrose feed concentration, flow rate of superficial space velocity 2.7h-1. When the enzyme column was run at 50$^{\circ}C$, about 8% loss of the initial activity of immobilized enzyme was observed after 30 days of continuous operation, during which high productivity of 1174g/L$.$h was achieved. The kinds of products obtained using the immobilized enzyme were almost the same as those using soluble enzymes or free cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.334-338
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• 1998

Kale(Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is one of Cruciferous vegetables that is closely related to the wild ancestral form of cabbabe. The ethanol extract of kale which contains the active compoundsss under Salmonella assay system was fractionated with chloroform to collect the nonpolar solvent soluble compounds, and then further fractionation was carried out by silica gel column chromatography. Among kale extracts separated by silical gel column chromatography, the fractions of 4, 5 and 6 exhibited strong antimutagenic activities. The major active compounds from the fraction were identified as chlorophyll derivatives by the analysis with HPLC-fritp-MS. The molecular weights of each chlorophyll derivatives in the sample were acquired from the peaks of positive ion atomosphere pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mas spectrometry.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1993

The concentration of Total Suspended Particulates(T.S.P), size distribution of suspended particulates, and soluble anions of T.S.P in atmosphere of industrial region in Busan were investigated. T.S.P was measured by High-Volume Air Sampler and particle size distribution was measured by Anderson Air Sampler. We analyzed the chemical component of the T.S.P by ion Chromatography and measure4 the shape and size of T.S.P by Scanning Electron Micrography The small size of T.S.P mainly exist in industrial region, but the large size of T.S.P mainly exist in residentail area.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2000

${\beta}$-Glucan a kind of polysaccharide which is particularly abundant in Agaricus blazei is known as the bioactive materials especially anticancer agents. The process development of the isolation and the purification process of water soluble ${\beta}$-glucans from A. blazei was achieved. and the process operation variables were optimized. Crude polysaccharides (CR.PS) were obtained from A. blazei by hot water extraction filtration solvent precipitation dialysis and freeze drying. Neutral and acidic fraction of polysaccharides were separated from crude polysaccharides by ion chromatography and then high molecular weight and low molecular weight fraction were separated from neutral fraction by gel chromatography. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of each compounds were performed with FT-IR NMR spectroscopy. Based on these analysis the optimal conditions of temperatures operating time organic solvent volume for precipitation and dialysis time were determined.